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Several major on-line platforms operate two channels: An agency channel in which suppliers retain control over prices and quantities and pay a portion of sales revenue to the platform, and a reselling channel in which the platform purchases goods from the supplier and resells them to consumers. These two channels run in parallel and many suppliers interact with only one of them. Although it is quite easy for a supplier to sell through a platform's agency channel, they must typically be invited to participate in the reselling channel. We develop a model of a powerful platform that can offer a supplier a two-part contract to induce it to participate in its reselling channel instead of its agency channel. When the supplier sells through the platform's agency channel, we find that if the competition among the traditional resellers is at least moderate and the on-line platform is a close enough substitute for traditional resale channel, then the equilibrium quantities sold through the on-line and traditional channels both exceed the first best quantities. This would not occur if the supplier sold through either the on-line or the traditional channel in isolation. Nor would it occur if the supplier sold through the platform's reselling channel. As a consequence, we find that when competition among traditional resellers is at least moderate, and both the commission rate and the substitutability between the on-line platform and the traditional resale channel are sufficiently high, there is a Pareto improving reselling contract between the supplier and the platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most previous audio-visual crossmodal correspondence studies focused on static visual or auditory stimuli. Moreover, some researchers have found that music training can effectively improve the interaction between auditory and visual channels by enhancing neural plasticity. This study focused on whether crossmodal correspondence occurs when people face dynamic visual and auditory stimuli, and whether it is affected by musical training. Participants were asked to judge different changes in pitch (rise and drop) by showing them different patterns of visual circle motion (enlarged, reduced, and unchanged). The results revealed that the audio-visual congruent combinations (the pitch rise when the circle was enlarged and the pitch drop when the circle was reduced) significantly shortened participants' response times, whereas the audio-visual neutral combinations (the unchanged shape) had the highest accuracy. Participants with musical training were faster than participants without musical training to judge pitch changes in conditions where the association between pitch and shape size was incongruent. These findings provide empirical evidence for dynamic audio-visual crossmodal correspondence and shed light on the bright prospect of using congruent audio-visual stimuli in animation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Background Method Results Conclusion Implications This study investigated the intergenerational transmission of utilitarian and deontological inclinations, examining whether these pass from parents to adult children and exploring the potential moderating effects of parenting style and intergenerational involvement in this process.Family factors, including religious norms and work values, influence moral development, but the intergenerational transmission of two moral inclinations—utilitarianism (emphasizing consequences, e.g., sacrificing one person to save five) and deontology (emphasizing intrinsic norms, e.g., refraining from intentionally harming the innocent)—remains underexplored.We measured these inclinations in 171 parent–adult child pairs using a moral decision thought experiment and questionnaires on parenting style and intergenerational involvement.Positive correlations emerged between parents and adult children for both inclinations. “Emotional warmth” in parenting style and intergenerational involvement showed significant negative moderating effects on the transmission of utilitarianism between generations.This study provides empirical evidence of intergenerational transmission of moral inclinations. Higher emotional warmth and increased intergenerational involvement inhibit the transmission of utilitarian inclinations, leading to reduced prioritization of better consequences.Enhanced emotional warmth and greater intergenerational involvement by parents can deter the transmission of utilitarian inclinations among adult children, prioritizing adherence to intrinsic norms over intentional harm for greater benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]