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The effective durations of pesticide-induced susceptibility of rice to brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), and physiological and biochemical changes in rice plants following pesticide applications, were studied. The effective duration of the herbicide butachlor on the susceptibility of rice variety Zhengdao 2 to BPH exceeded 16 days. The difference in damage rating between rice plants with pesticide treatments and control plants gradually decreased with days after treatment (DAT). There was a significant correlation between damage rating and DAT. The number of rice tillers at 3 - 10 DAT and plant heights at 7 - 10 DAT declined on Zhengdao 2 with the butachlor treatment. On the other hand, there were no effects of butachlor on damage rating, number of rice tillers and plant height for Xiushui 63. This might be related to tolerance of Xiushui 63 to butachlor. For Zhengdao 2, the fungicide jingganmycin and the insecticide bisultap had a significant influence on BPH damage, number of rice tillers and plant height. In contrast to butachlor, jingganmycin and bisultap had a significant effect on BPH damage to Xiushui 63. However, these two pesticides had no significant effect on the number of rice tillers and plant height of Xiushui 63. In general, the effective duration of butachlor on rice plants was greater than jingganmycin and bisultap. Oxalic acid content and photosynthesis in rice plants declined significantly after jingganmycin and bisultap treatments. These findings are consistent with those of pesticide-susceptibility of rice to BPH. Pesticide-induced susceptibility of rice resistance to BPH counteracts the role of varietal resistance in integrated pest management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To reveal the expression level of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) in adenocarcinoma of esophagogastric junction (AEG) and discuss the relationship between CBS expression level and tumor microvascular density (MVD), clinical features and prognosis., Methods: Paraffin samples from 214 patients with AEG were selected to make pathological microchips. Immunohistochemistry was performed based on the microchips to detect the expression level of CBS and microvascular density (MVD) in cancer tissues and adjacent control tissues. Relationships between expression level of CBS and MVD, clinical characteristics and prognosis were analyzed., Results: In total, 214 AEG cases were classified into three groups: CBS negative staining ( n =26), low staining ( n =44), and high staining ( n =144). Quantitative alterations in CBS and CD31 expression were explored using immunohistochemistry. The 5-year recurrence rate of enrolled patients was followed up and found that CBS expression was significantly increased in tumor tissue compared with adjacent non-tumor tissue ( P <0.0001). There were significant differences in microvascular density between the groups with negative and high CBS staining ( P <0.0001), and between the groups with low and high CBS staining ( P <0.0001). Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in tumor stage ( P <0.0001), T stage ( P =0.008), N stage ( P =0.028), differentiation degree ( P =0.037), and 5-year survival ( P =0.0034) among the three groups. Multivariate logic regression analysis showed that increased CBS scores were associated with an increased probability of 5-year recurrence ( P =0.018). Finally, different CBS expression levels were associated with disease-free survival in AEG patients., Conclusions: CBS expression level is closely related to microvascular density and tumor stage in AEG. High level of CBS not only accelerates tumor angiogenesis but also affects patient's survival and prognosis., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2022.)

Massive neuron loss is the key reason for poor prognoses in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and astrocytes function as nutrition-providing neurons. Therefore, researchers must determine the potential role of astrocytes in neural regeneration after TBI. Our previous studies established that upregulating CD24 in the hippocampus might improve cognitive functions after TBI. However, whether CD24 in hippocampal astrocytes is involved in neural regeneration after TBI remains unknown. Therefore, we detected the CD24 expression in the ipsilateral hippocampus via western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. We further investigated the CD24 expression patterns in hippocampal astrocytes via immunofluorescence staining. We then injected adeno-associated virus-Gfa2-siRNA-CD24 (AAV-CD24) into the astrocytes to downregulate CD24 and analyzed the related cellular signals. Golgi-Cox staining and the growth associated protein-43 (GAP43) level were used to observe neuronal morphology and neural regeneration around the astrocytes in the ipsilateral hippocampus, and the Morris water maze test was used to assess neural functional recovery. The CD24 protein and mRNA levels in the cornu ammonis and dentate gyrus regions of the ipsilateral hippocampus were elevated after TBI, and high CD24 expression was widespread in the hippocampal astrocytes after TBI. Specific inhibition of CD24 in the hippocampal astrocytes interfered with the activation of Src homology region 2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), shortened the neuronal dendritic spines, decreased the GAP43 level and impaired the cognitive functions of the TBI-model mice. These results revealed that elevated hippocampal CD24 in astrocytes participated in neural regeneration in mice after TBI, possibly by activating the SHP2/ERK pathway., Competing Interests: None., (AJTR Copyright © 2020.)

The persistent emergence of new network applications, along with encrypted network communication, has make traffic analysis become a challenging issue in network management and cyberspace security. Currently, virtual private network (VPNs) has become one of the most popular encrypted communication services for bypassing censorship and guarantee remote access to geographically locked services. In this paper, a novel identification scheme of VoIP traffic tunneled through VPN is proposed. We employed a set of Flow Spatio-Temporal Features (FSTF) to six well-known classifiers, including decision trees, K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Bagging and Boosting via C4.5, and Multi-Layer perceptron (MLP). The overall accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and F-measure verify that the proposed scheme can effectively distinguish between the VoIP flows and Non-VoIP ones in VPN traffic.

With the rapid development of mobile internet and cloud computing, numerous digital me-dia files in mobile social networking and media sharing software have become the important carriers of steganography. However, these digital media files may be resampled by the media server when being pushed to the intelligent mobile terminals. The resampling of digital media files is a transfor-mation which enlarges or shrinks objects by a scale factor that is the same in all dimensions. In order to reduce embedding distortion while ensuring the correct extraction of secret messages under resam-pling mechanism, a steganographic coding scheme based on dither convolutional trellis is proposed in this paper. The resampling mapping is estimated with finite sample pairs. The resampling stego media files with secret messages embedded are generated from the estimated resampling cover media files by syndrome-trellis codes (STCs). According to the estimated resampling mapping, the dither convolutional trellis for one dimensional resampling is constructed to generate the source stego me-dia files from source cover media files and resampling stego media files. The steganographic coding scheme is also extended to the circumstance of two dimensional resampling such as image scaling. The experimental results show that the proposed steganographic scheme can achieve less embedding dis-tortion while ensuring the accuracy of secret messages extraction under multi-dimensional resampling mechanism.

Objective: Peripheral nerve injury elicits an aversive state of spontaneous neuropathic pain, and up to now, the modulation of this concomitant aversive state remains a major therapeutic challenge. NMDA receptor subunits NR2B in the rACC are critically involved in the processing of this aversive state and then a strategy targeted at the NR2B subunit might be promising for modulation of the aversive state. Thus, in the present study, using negative reinforcement animal model to reveal spontaneous pain, we investigated the effect of oral immunization with recombinant adenovirus serotype 5-mediated NR2B gene transfer (rAd5/NR2B) on the modulation of the tonic pain., Material and Methods: Following oral administration of the rAd5/NR2B vaccine, NR2B-specific antibodies were induced in serum. And the humoral response was involved in the decreased expression of NR2B protein in the rACC., Results: The present study demonstrated that CPP achieved by spinal administration of clonidine in spinal nerve ligation (SNL) rats revealed the presence of aversive state of spontaneous neuropathic pain. Notably, the humoral autoimmune response blocked the CPP by spinal clonidine, suggesting the relief of the concomitant aversive of spontaneous neuropathic pain in the SNL rats., Conclusion: These data proved the feasibility of oral immunization with rAd5/NR2B for modulation of concomitant aversive of spontaneous neuropathic pain due to peripheral nerve injury.

Objective: To describe the clinical features of IgG4-related lung disease., Method: The clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, radiographic patterns, histopathological features and therapeutic management of a patient with IgG4-related lung disease were described and the literatures were reviewed., Results: A 41-year-old male without significant symptoms was admitted to our department because of diffuse opacities on regular X-ray examination. Chest HRCT revealed diffuse ground-glass opacities (GGOs) and reticular opacities in both lungs, predominantly in the middle fields. Thoracoscopic lung biopsy was performed, and pathological examination of the lung tissues found massive lympho-plasma cell infiltration and collagen deposition along the alveolar septa and bronchovascular bundles on HE staining. Obliterative phlebitis and thickening of alveolar septa were observed. IgG4 immunostaining revealed predominant IgG4(+) plasma cells. IgG4-related lung disease was diagnosed combined with elevation of serum IgG4 concentration (3.07 g/L). The patient received oral prednisone at the dose of 30 mg per day for one month and then the dose was tapered. Four months later a CT scan revealed that the GGOs disappeared and only some reticular opacities and honeycombing changes remained. The serum IgG4 concentration decreased to 1.99 g/L. Twenty-one articles with 65 cases of IgG4-related lung disease were collected through PubMed search engine. Extrapulmonary organs were involved in 38 cases, especially the pancreas. Serum IgG4 concentrations were assessed in 36 cases and elevated in 34. Four radiographic patterns were identified: solid nodule type (55.4%), alveolar interstitial type (26.2%), bronchovascular type (13.8%) and round-shaped GGO type (4.6%). Glucocorticoids were prescribed to 23 patients with a favorable response except one treatment failure., Conclusion: IgG4-related lung disease is a rare disorder and easily overlooked in clinical practice. The lung maybe the only target organ, but extrapulmonary organ involvement is the most common discoveries. The diagnosis of IgG4-related lung disease depends on the elevation of serum IgG4 and characteristic histopathological features. Glucocorticoid therapy is very effective and most patients have a good prognosis.

HIV-1 p24 detection provides a means to aid the early diagnosis of HIV-1 infection, track the progression of disease and assess the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy. In the present study, three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) p3JB9, p5F1 and p6F4 against HIV-1 p24 were generated. All mAbs could detect p24 of HIV-1IIIB, HIV-1Ada-M, HIV-174V mAbs p5F1 and p6F4 could detect HIV-1KM018, while p3JB9 could not. Three mAbs did not react with HIV-2ROD, HIV-2CBL-20 and SIVagmTYO-1. The recognized epitope of p5F1 was located on the Gag amino acid region DCKTILKALGPAATLEEMMTAC. The p5F1 was used to establish a modified sandwich ELISA with rabbit anti-p24 serum and showed good specificity and high sensitivity, which has been used to measure HIV-1 p24 antigen levels in research.