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Ting-Yu Lin, Hao-Chien Cheng, Hung-Wen Liu, Tsung-Min Hung Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, TaiwanCorrespondence: Tsung-Min Hung, Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, 162, Section 1, Heping E. Road, Taipei City, 106, Taiwan, Tel/Fax +886-2-7749-1111, Email ernesthungkimo@yahoo.com.twObjective: Given the recognized benefits of resistance exercise on both physical and cognitive domains, elucidating how to maximize its benefit is pivotal. This study aims to evaluate these effects in terms of their timing and intensity on cognitive performance.Methods: This was a four-arm, crossover randomized controlled trial. Healthy college-aged male adults with recreational resistance training experience participated in this study. Participants completed three separate sessions of circuit barbell resistance exercises, including back squat, press, and deadlift. Each session corresponded to a different intensity level: 65% 1RM, 72% 1RM, and 78% 1RM. Each session consisted of 5 repetitions across 3 sets, with a 3-minute rest between exercises and sets. For the control condition, participants engaged in a reading activity for the same duration. The subjective exercise intensity was measured using the rating of perceived exertion and repetitions in reserve immediately after each set. The primary outcome was the temporal effect of acute resistance exercise on inhibition, measured by the Stroop color-word task. The secondary outcome was the effect of different intensities.Results: 30 out of 31 recruited participants were randomized, with 28 completing all experiment sessions. Using repeated measures correlation (rrm), a linear temporal effect was observed on accuracy-adjusted congruent reaction time: rrm = 0.114, p = 0.045, 95% CI [0.002, 0.223]. Participants responded 19.1 ms faster than the control condition approximately 10 minutes post-intervention. This advantage, however, gradually declined at a rate of 4.3 ms every 15 minutes between 10– 55 minutes post-intervention. In contrast, no significant effects were detected for incongruent trials or the Stroop effect. When examining the linear relationship across exercise intensities, no significant correlations emerged for congruent trials.Conclusion: Resistance exercise demonstrates a temporal effect on cognitive performance, particularly in reaction speed for congruent trials, without significant changes in incongruent trials or the overall Stroop effect. The findings highlight the importance of timing in leveraging the cognitive benefits of acute resistance exercise, suggesting a window of enhanced cognitive performance following exercise. However, this study has a limitation regarding Type I error inflation, due to multiple measurements of cognitive performance being undertaken, suggesting caution in interpreting the observed temporal effects. Practically, scheduling crucial, cognitively demanding tasks within 10– 60 minutes post-exercise may maximize benefits, as positive effects diminish after this period.Keywords: executive function, physical exercise, resistance training, cognition, RCT

The aim of this study was to test natural teeth stability under various simulated types and degrees of alveolar vertical bone loss, as well as to assess the role that the surrounding bone played for maintaining tooth stability. A three-dimensional finite element model of the human maxillary central incisor with surrounding tissue, including periodontal ligament, enamel, dentin, pulp, and alveolar bone, was established. One side and multiple vertical bone loss were simulated by means of decreasing the surrounding bone level apically from the cemento-enamel junction in 1 mm steps incrementally downward for 10 mm. Natural frequency values of the incisor model with various types and degrees of bone loss were then calculated. The results showed that, with one-sided bone resorption, the model with labial bone loss had the lowest natural frequency decreasing rates (8.2 per cent). On the other hand, in cases of multiple bone loss, vertical bone resorption at the mesial and distal sides had more negative effects on tooth stability compared to vertical bone losses on facial and lingual sides. These findings suggest that the natural frequency method may be a useful, auxiliary clinical tool for diagnosis of vertical periodontal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the scope of the Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi (NHK) reaction is limited to aldehydes and ketones to construct alcohol derivatives. Herein, we have described a visible-light-induced synergistic W/Cr(III)-catalyzed NHK-type gem -difluoroallylation reaction of unactivated cyclic and linear alkanes. The reaction merits feedstock materials, mild reaction conditions, and a wide functionality tolerance. Mechanistic studies imply the favorable reduction of CrCl 3 to CrCl 2 by reduced decatungstate W 10 O 32 5- , thus closing the catalytic cycle.

This study aimed to explore the effects of minerals on the structure and degradation product distribution of sesame hull (SH) lignin during the roasting process. SH lignin was impregnated with various minerals (Ca, Mg, K, and Na) before roasting. The results indicated that mineral addition significantly affected the carbohydrate composition and content of SH lignin, with K- and Na-treated samples (0.6 %-0.72 %) exhibiting higher carbohydrate content than those treated with Ca and Mg (0.12 %-0.48 %). Minerals caused lignin macromolecular fragments to break down into smaller fragments. 2D heteronuclear single quantum correlation nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy shown that the β-O-4 aryl ether linkage bond content was reduced in the alkali metal treated samples (9.05 %-9.07 %) as compared to the alkaline earth metal (13.73 %-15.27 %) and control samples (11.49 %). Minerals used in this study increased the content of β-β resinous alcohol linkages and decreased the content of benzodioxane linkages. Thermal desorption unit gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis indicated that K and Na increased the production of volatile phenolic compounds, while Ca and Mg reduced their production. The results of this study suggest that SH lignin in the presence of minerals during roasting causes the breaking of lignin linkage bonds, which affects the lignin degradation products., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Mycobacidin is an antitubercular antibiotic structurally composed of a sulfur-containing 4-thiazolidinone ring, yet its biosynthesis including the mechanism of sulfur incorporation has remained an open question since its discovery in 1952. In this study, the mycobacidin biosynthetic gene cluster is identified from soil-dwelling Streptomyces , and the corresponding biosynthetic pathway starting with 7-oxoheptanoate is characterized. The radical SAM enzyme MybB catalyzes two sulfur insertion reactions, thereby bridging C 7 and C 10 to complete the 4-thiazolidinone heterocycle as the final step in mycobacidin maturation. MybB is a homologue of biotin synthase, and in both biosynthetic pathways, the bridging sulfur originates from the degradation of an enzymatic auxiliary [Fe 2 S 2 ] cluster. Introduction of the two C-S bonds during 4-thiazolidinone cyclization is shown to take place in a fixed sequence with the terminal C 10 -S bond generated first followed by the C 7 -S bond. MybB thus represents a generalization of biotin synthase activity that contributes to the maturation of not only primary but also secondary metabolites via sequential sulfur insertion reactions to yield sulfur containing heterocycles.

A small but growing set of radical SAM ( S -adenosyl-l-methionine) enzymes catalyze the radical mediated dehydration or dehydrogenation of 1,2-diol substrates. In some cases, these activities can be interchanged via minor structural perturbations to the reacting components raising questions regarding the relative importance of hyperconjugation, proton circulation and leaving group stability in determining the reaction outcome. The present work describes trapping and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) characterization of an α-hydroxyalkyl radical intermediate during dehydration and dehydrogenation of cytosylglucuronic acid and its derivatives catalyzed by the radical SAM enzyme BlsE and its Glu189Ala mutant from the blasticidin S biosynthetic pathway. The substrate radical is found to have a dihedral angle between the electron spin carrier p-orbital and the C-O bond to be cleaved that appears to be sufficient to support elimination despite lying outside the strictly periplanar region. A more significant contributor to the gating of dehydration activity, however, appears to be establishment of a proper hydrogen bonding configuration in order to stabilize the accumulation of negative charge on the eliminated hydroxyl group.

Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields (nsPEFs) treatment has demonstrated anti-tumor effects on various cancer cell lines. However, the use of this treatment in pancreatic cancer is limited. This study demonstrated that nsPEFs treatment effectively suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells, while also inducing DNA damage. Meanwhile, animal experiments have shown that nsPEFs effectively suppressed the growth of pancreatic cancer, even in cases where the tumor volume exceeded 500-600 mm 3 at the initiation of treatment. Notably, a single treatment session was found to significantly inhibit tumor growth, while also showing no adverse effects on the main organs of the mice. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics revealed that seven key genes (CDK1, CENPA, UBE2C, CCNB2, PLK1, CCNA2, and CCNB14) were significantly correlated with the overall survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer. Through the application of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis, two miRNAs (has-let-7b-5p and hsa-miR-193b-3p) and four lncRNAs (MIR4435-2HG, ZNF436-AS1, LINC01089, and MIR4435-2HG) were identified as significantly impacting the overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients. We have effectively developed an mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA network that has the potential to stimulate further investigation into the underlying mechanisms of nsPEFs on pancreatic cancer., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background: Targeting glucose uptake by glucose transporter (GLUT) inhibitors is a therapeutic opportunity, but efforts on GLUT inhibitors have not been successful in the clinic and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We aim to identify the key metabolic changes responsible for cancer cell survival from glucose limitation and elucidate its mechanism., Methods: The level of phosphorylated YAP was analyzed with Western blotting and Phos-tag immunoblotting. Glucose limitation-induced metabolic changes were analyzed using targeted metabolomics (600MRM). The anti-cancer role of metabolite was examined using colony formation assay and APC min/+ mice. Co-immunoprecipitation, LS-MS, qRT-PCR, and immunofluorescence were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms., Results: We found that D-Ribose-5-phosphate (D5P), a product of the pentose phosphate pathway connecting glucose metabolism and nucleotide metabolism, functions as a metabolic checkpoint to activate YAP under glucose limitation to promote cancer cell survival. Mechanistically, in glucose-deprived cancer cells, D5P is decreased, which facilitates the interaction between MYH9 and LATS1, resulting in MYH9-mediated LATS1 aggregation, degradation, and further YAP activation. Interestingly, activated YAP further promotes purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP)-mediated breakdown of purine nucleoside to restore D5P in a feedback manner. Importantly, D5P synergistically enhances the tumor-suppressive effect of GLUT inhibitors and inhibits cancer progression in mice., Conclusions: Our study identifies D5P as a metabolic checkpoint linking glucose limitation stress and YAP activation, indicating that D5P may be a potential anti-cancer metabolite by enhancing glucose limitation sensitivity., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: All animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Zhengzhou University. All animal experiments were performed in compliance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Academies Press, 2011) and according to the institutional ethical guidelines for animal experiments. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

In an axion haloscope, the weak photon signal, theoretically converted from axions, is captured by a detection cavity. The signal from the cavity is too weak to be acquired by a signal receiver. The amplification chain assists the signal acquisition by amplifying the signal and requires accurate gain calibration. Typically, the readout line is calibrated using the Y-factor method, involving a switch that directs either the detection line or the calibration line to the amplification chain. The detection and calibration lines may have different transmissions, which leads to the calibration results being less accurate. In response, we propose a calibration method that eliminates the need for a switch. In this approach, the cavity temperature is decoupled from its incoming noise source and can be controlled, resulting in excess or deficiency of the noise spectrum near its resonance frequency. The experimental result shows that the gain of the amplification chain can be calibrated directly using the temperature-varied cavity radiation., (© 2025 Author(s). Published under an exclusive license by AIP Publishing.)

The 3D printing of porous titanium scaffolds reduces the elastic modulus of titanium alloys and promotes osteogenic integration. However, due to the biological inertness of titanium alloy materials, the implant-bone tissue interface is weakly bonded. A calcium silicate (CS) coating doped with polymetallic ions can impart various biological properties to titanium alloy materials. In this study, CuO and SrO binary-doped CS coatings were prepared on the surface of 3D-printed porous titanium alloy scaffolds using atmospheric plasma spraying and characterized by SEM, EDS, and XRD. Both CuO and SrO were successfully incorporated into the CS coating. The in vivo osseointegration evaluation of the composite coating-modified 3D-printed porous titanium alloy scaffolds was conducted using a rabbit bone defect model, showing that the in vivo osseointegration of 2% CuO-10% SrO-CS-modified 3D-printed porous titanium alloy was improved. The in vitro antimicrobial properties of the 2% CuO-10% SrO-CS-modified 3D-printed porous titanium alloy were evaluated through bacterial platform coating, co-culture liquid absorbance detection, and crystal violet staining experiments, demonstrating that the composite coating exhibited good antimicrobial properties. In conclusion, the composite scaffold possesses both osteointegration-promoting and antimicrobial properties, indicating a broad potential for clinical applications., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background: Meta-analysis assesses the safety and efficacy of Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in patients with hip fracture surgery compared to placebo., Methods: On September 28, 2023, qualified RCT studies, including randomized control trials and cohort study, of intravenous Tranexamic Acid (TXA) in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery was searched. Review Manager was used for the meta-analysis., Results: The TXA group had significantly lower intraoperative total blood loss and overall blood loss across eighteen investigations. The blood transfusion rate in the TXA group was lower than that in placebo group. TXA maintained higher hemoglobin levels on the postoperative first and third day. TXA did not raise any possible complication or problems such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and mortality., Conclusion: The TXA treatment in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery reduced intraoperative blood loss, overall blood loss, transfusion rate, and length of hospital stay effectively and appeared to be safe to use without significant complication or problems., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024 Professor P K Surendran Memorial Education Foundation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.)

Radical S -adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) enzymes catalyze radical mediated chemical transformations notable for their diversity. The radical mediated reactions that take place in their catalytic cycles can be characterized with respect to one or more phases of initiation, propagation, and termination. Mechanistic models abound regarding these three phases of catalysis being regularly informed and updated by new discoveries that offer insights into their detailed workings. However, questions continue to be raised that touch on fundamental aspects of their mechanistic enzymology. Radical SAM enzymes are consequently far from fully understood, and this Perspective aims to outline some of the current models of radical SAM chemistry with an emphasis on lines of investigation that remain to be explored.

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is a significant liver condition associated with metabolic syndrome, is the leading cause of liver diseases globally and its prevalence is on the rise in most nations. The protective impact of vitamin D on NAFLD and its specific mechanism remains unclear., Aim: To examine the role of vitamin D in NAFLD and how vitamin D affects the polarization of hepatic macrophages in NAFLD through the vitamin D receptor (VDR)-peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)γ pathway., Methods: Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were provided with a high-fat diet to trigger NAFLD model and administered 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ] supplementation. 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 was given to RAW264.7 macrophages that had been treated with lipid, and a co-culture with AML12 hepatocytes was set up. Lipid accumulation, lipid metabolism enzymes, M1/M2 phenotype markers, proinflammatory cytokines and VDR-PPARγ pathway were determined., Results: Supplementation with 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 relieved hepatic steatosis and decreased the proinflammatory M1 polarization of hepatic macrophages in NAFLD. Administration of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 suppressed the proinflammatory M1 polarization of macrophages induced by fatty acids, thereby directly relieving lipid accumulation and metabolism in hepatocytes. The VDR-PPARγ pathway had a notable impact on reversing lipid-induced proinflammatory M1 polarization of macrophages regulated by the administration of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ., Conclusion: Supplementation with 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 improved hepatic steatosis and lipid metabolism in NAFLD, linked to its capacity to reverse the proinflammatory M1 polarization of hepatic macrophages, partially by regulating the VDR-PPARγ pathway. The involvement of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 in inhibiting fatty-acid-induced proinflammatory M1 polarization of macrophages played a direct role in relieving lipid accumulation and metabolism in hepatocytes., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests, (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Soil column tests were conducted to investigate methane oxidation efficiency in three configurations of earthen landfill cover under two drying stages separated by an applied rainfall, including the monolithic evapotranspiration (ET) cover, the cover with capillary barrier effect (CCBE) and the three-layer cover. Comprehensive measurements were also documented for water-gas response in soil for analyzing the experimental outcomes. The maximum methane oxidation efficiency of three-layer cover, monolithic ET cover, and CCBE were about 71 %, 62 % and 58 %, respectively. This was because the three-layer cover had the largest oxygen (O 2 ) concentration in soil above depth of 400 mm, where methane oxidation mainly occurred. This was due to the good airtightness of the bottom hydraulic barrier layer, which led to the lowest air pressure above depth of 400 mm, thereby promoting the entry of atmospheric O 2 into the soil. The monolithic ET cover generally had a larger methane oxidation efficiency than CCBE during the first drying stage by up to 12 %, while the trend reversed overall during the second drying stage, likely due to the enhanced air-tightness of CCBE caused by higher soil water content after rainfall induced by the capillary barrier effects. The methane oxidation efficiency for each landfill cover became lower by up to 30 % during the second drying stage than that during the first drying stage, owing to the higher water content during the second drying stage after rainfall, leading to a larger gas pressure and hence a lower O 2 concentration at shallow soil., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Iron (Fe) availability limits photosynthesis at a global scale where Fe-rich photosystem (PS) I abundance is drastically reduced in Fe-poor environments. We used single-particle cryo-electron microscopy to reveal a unique Fe starvation-dependent arrangement of light-harvesting chlorophyll (LHC) proteins where Fe starvation-induced TIDI1 is found in an additional tetramer of LHC proteins associated with PSI in Dunaliella tertiolecta and Dunaliella salina . These cosmopolitan green algae are resilient to poor Fe nutrition. TIDI1 is a distinct LHC protein that co-occurs in diverse algae with flavodoxin (an Fe-independent replacement for the Fe-containing ferredoxin). The antenna expansion in eukaryotic algae we describe here is reminiscent of the iron-starvation induced ( isiA -encoding) antenna ring in cyanobacteria, which typically co-occurs with isiB , encoding flavodoxin. Our work showcases the convergent strategies that evolved after the Great Oxidation Event to maintain PSI capacity., Competing Interests: Competing interests The author declares no competing interests.