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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have significant potential for next‐generation photovoltaic technology applications. However, the instability of hole transport layers (HTLs) becomes the major obstacle to long‐term operational devices, which are affected by the intrinsic thermal instability and loose structure of hole transport materials, as well as the hygroscopicity and migration of dopants. Here, poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) is used as a model crystalline polymer to thoroughly investigate effective p‐type doping strategies and the underlying mechanism. According to Hard–Soft‐Acid–Base theory, the soft base P3HT is more likely to form a stable Lewis acid–base adduct with the reactive soft acid radical, resulting in a strong charge‐transfer interaction, thereby enhancing conductivity and regulating the energy band of the HTL. Meanwhile, the radical cation salt can promote pre‐nucleation to optimize the crystallization orientation of P3HT. The resulting PSCs exhibited the efficiency of 25.16%, which is the highest efficiency reported so far based on doped P3HT. In addition, the resulting devices demonstrated excellent stability, maintaining 96.5%, 96%, and 91% of their initial efficiency after aging under continuous illumination for 2028 h, at 85 °C for 1080 h, and at maximum power point (MPP) tracking under continuous 1 Sun illumination at 85 °C for 528 h, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comprehensive evaluation and the coupling coordination degree model were used to measure the coupling coordination degree of the development level of digital inclusive finance and the construction industry in 31 provinces in China (excluding Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan) during the period of 2011-2019. Then, the driving factors of the coupling and coordinated development of the two were analyzed by using spatial exploratory analysis and panel regression model. The results show that the coupling coordination degree between digital inclusive finance and construction industry has an upward trend, and shows significant regional differences and agglomeration characteristics in spatial distribution. Factors such as economic foundation, human capital, government behavior and urban structure have a promoting effect on the coupling and coordinated development of digital inclusive finance and the construction industry, while production efficiency and technological innovation have a negative effect. The conclusions can provide a reference for Chinese provincial administrative regions to realize the positive interaction and coordinated development of digital inclusive finance and construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accuracy of the default Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) simplified model for estimation of facing tensile forces for soil nail walls under in-service conditions was evaluated using a large quantity of measured long-term and short-term facing tensile force data collected from the literature. The estimation accuracy was quantified by the mean and coefficient of variation (COV) of the bias where bias is defined as the ratio of measured to calculated facing tensile force. Based on the available data, the default FHWA simplified model equation was found to overestimate long- and short-term facing tensile forces by about 15% and 23% on average, respectively. The corresponding spreads in estimation accuracy expressed as the bias COV were about 43% and 67%. Undesirable correlations between bias values and calculated facing tensile forces using the default FHWA simplified model equation were detected. A modified FHWA simplified model was proposed to improve the on average accuracy, reduce the spread in estimation accuracy, and remove the hidden correlations noted above. In addition, the modified equation has fewer empirical coefficients than the current formulation (i.e., four versus five). The facing tensile force equations developed in this study are a contribution to the design of facing of soil nail walls within the current FHWA soil nail wall design framework. Key words: soil nail walls, facing tensile forces, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) simplified models, statistical analysis, model bias. La precision du modele simplifie par defaut de la Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) pour revaluation des forces de traction au parement de mur de clous de sol dans des conditions de service a ete evaluee en utilisant un grand nombre de donnees de force de traction de la litterature, mesurees a court et a long terme. La precision de l'estimation a ete quantifiee par la moyenne et le coefficient de variation (COV) du biais, ou le biais est defini comme le rapport entre la force de traction au parement mesuree et calculee. Sur la base des donnees disponibles, il s'est avere que l'equation par defaut du modele simplifie FHWA a surestime les forces de traction au parement a long et a court terme par environ 15 et 23 % en moyenne, respectivement. Les ecarts correspondants au niveau de la precision de l'estimation exprimee par le biais COV etaient d'environ 43 et 67 %. Des correlations indesirables entre les valeurs de biais et les forces de traction au parement calculees ont ete detectees en utilisant l'equation du modele simplifie FHWA par defaut. Un modele simplifie FHWA modifie a ete propose pour ameliorer la precision moyenne, reduire l'ecart au niveau de la precision de l'estimation et supprimer les correlations cachees mentionnees ci-dessus. De plus, l'equation modifiee a moins de coefficients empiriques que la formulation actuelle (c'est-a-dire, quatre contre cinq). Les equations de la force de traction au parement, developpee dans cette recherche sont une contribution a la conception du revetement des parois d'ancrage de sol dans le cadre actuel de la conception d'ancrage de sol FHWA. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: clou de sol, forces de traction au parement, modeles simplifies FHWA, analyses statistiques, modele biais., Introduction Soil nail walls are widely used to support both temporary and permanent excavations. Typically, the facing of a soil nail wall is constructed immediately after installation of nails at [...]