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6. Three essays on macroprudential policy and learning

Author

Liu, Keqing and Igarashi, Yoske

Subjects
339.5
Abstract

The first chapter proposes an alternative macroprudential policy in the framework of Gertler, Kiyotaki and Queralto (2012). In their model, the central bank subsidizes bank outside equity, where the subsidy rate is determined by the shadow cost of the deposit. We find that the alternative rule in which the subsidy rate responds to the aggregate bank outside equity ratio is welfare improving because it has a better stabilization effect on the bank asset deterioration after a nancial shock. We disentangle different channels through which macroprudential policies affect the economy and demonstrate that the better stabilization in the post-crisis economy has a positive effect on the economy in normal times through security prices. In the second chapter, we consider a model where producers set their prices based on their prediction of the aggregated price level and an exogenous variable, which can be a demand or a cost-push shock. To form their expectations, they use OLS-type econometric learning with bounded memory. We show that the aggregated price follows the random coe cient autoregressive process and we prove that this process is covariance stationary. This chapter comments on Angeloni and Faia (2013, Journal of Monetary Economics), a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with a risky banking sector. We identify the sources of inefficiency in the model and disentangle the channels through which banks choose a high level of leverage. We explain that their assumptions that generate banks over-borrowing feature lead to the return on assets and the bankruptcy probability that are unrealistically high. Next, we modify the model by incorporating the banking sector of Gertler and Karadi (2011) into the AF model and show that the calibration result improves.

Published
2017

7. Contributors

Author

Acquah, Caleb, primary, Akizuki, Shinichi, additional, Alam, Shahrukh Nawaj, additional, Almeida, Renata Maria Rosas Garcia, additional, Ambati, Ranga Rao, additional, Andreatto Junior, Luis C., additional, Arjun, Ajesh M., additional, Asams, M.A., additional, Aulestia, Denisse Tatiana Molina, additional, Babaie, Meisam, additional, Bastos, Reinaldo G., additional, Bhatia, Pranshu, additional, Bhowmick, Tridib Kumar, additional, Bi, Zheting, additional, Brewer, Catherine E., additional, Cañizares-Villanueva, Rosa Olivia, additional, Celis, Lourdes B., additional, Chatterjee, Pritha, additional, Chen, Ru, additional, Chen, Ying, additional, Cheng, Feng, additional, Chisti, Yusuf, additional, Chuka-Ogwude, David, additional, Codato, Carolina B., additional, Cotas, João, additional, da Motta Pacheco, Luiz Felipe Cetraro, additional, da Silva, Marcio Luis Busi, additional, da Silva, Mariana A., additional, Danquah, Michael K., additional, Das, Abhipsita, additional, Das, Prabir Kumar, additional, de Carvalho, Julio Cesar, additional, de Carvalho, Marco Aurelio, additional, de Farias Silva, Carlos Eduardo, additional, de Jesús Martínez-Roldán, Alfredo, additional, de Lima Araújo, Rosana Reis, additional, de Sá Filho, Márcio Luciano Ferreira, additional, Debnath, Deepayan, additional, Deprá, Mariany Costa, additional, Dias, Rosangela Rodrigues, additional, Ding, Lu, additional, Estrada-Graf, Adrián A., additional, Fathima, Jesna, additional, Ferreira, Ana F., additional, Gajda, Iwona, additional, García-Trejo, Juan Fernando, additional, Gayen, Kalyan, additional, Gerchman, Yoram, additional, Goldemberg, Sérgio, additional, Gómez-Castro, Fernando Israel, additional, Gómez-Ochoa, Manuel, additional, Gonçalves, Ana M.M., additional, Greenman, John, additional, Guieysse, Benoit, additional, Guldhe, Abhishek, additional, Gutiérrez-Antonio, Claudia, additional, Habtu, Nigus Gabbiye, additional, Halim, Ronald, additional, Harris, Jonathan S., additional, Harvey, Adam P., additional, He, Bingjun Brian, additional, Henderson, Rita K., additional, Hernández, Salvador, additional, Ieropoulos, Ioannis A., additional, Jacob-Furlan, Beatriz, additional, Jacob-Lopes, Eduardo, additional, Jeevanandam, Jaison, additional, Kafarov, Vyacheslav, additional, Karytsas, Spyridon, additional, Khalid, Zaira, additional, Kiani, Hossein, additional, Kishi, Masatoshi, additional, Kong, Fantao, additional, Kosowska-Golachowska, Monika, additional, Kumar, Sanjay, additional, Lasta, Paola, additional, Legesse, Solomon Addisu, additional, Li, Yuchen, additional, Liu, Keqing, additional, Luckos, Adam, additional, Magalhães, Antônio Irineudo, additional, Mariano, André B., additional, Maroneze, Mariana Manzoni, additional, Mattos, Luis Felipe A., additional, Memon, Asif Ali, additional, Mendis, Arjuna, additional, Menezes, Mariana, additional, Michelon, William, additional, Mohiuddin, Obaidullah, additional, Morales-Ibarría, Marcia, additional, Muñoz, Raúl, additional, Nunes, Moira, additional, Nwoba, Emeka G., additional, Ofori-Boateng, Cynthia, additional, Ogbonna, James C., additional, Ojeda, Karina, additional, Onay, Melih, additional, Ong, Hui Lin, additional, Orta Ledesma, Ma. Teresa, additional, Pacheco, Diana, additional, Paravantis, John A., additional, Perazzoli, Simone, additional, Pereira, Leonel, additional, Phan, Anh N., additional, Pinheiro, Pricila Nass, additional, Plouviez, Maxence, additional, Raheem, Abdul, additional, Rao, Narasinga Rao Hanumanth, additional, Ravishankar Gokare, A., additional, Raya, Rosario Rodero, additional, Razo-Flores, Elías, additional, Reijnders, Lucas, additional, Rimmer, Matthew, additional, Rincón, Bárbara, additional, Rincón-Pérez, Jack, additional, Rivas, Mariella, additional, Romero-Izquierdo, Araceli Guadalupe, additional, Rossi, Raquel, additional, Ruiz-Ruiz, Patricia, additional, Sajid, Muhammad, additional, Sánchez-Tuirán, Eduardo Luis, additional, Sarkar, Sambit, additional, Sartori, Rafaela Basso, additional, Sen, Suparna, additional, Severo, Ihana Aguiar, additional, Singh, Bhaskar, additional, Soccol, Carlos Ricardo, additional, Suzuki, Seiiti, additional, Sydney, Eduardo Bittencourt, additional, Tang, Ying, additional, Tiwari, Brijesh K., additional, Vadiveloo, Ashiwin, additional, Vargas, José Viriato C., additional, Velasquez-Orta, Sharon B., additional, Vieira, Karem Rodrigues, additional, Vigani, Mauro, additional, Villagracia, Al Rey, additional, Walter, Xavier Alexis, additional, Wood, David A., additional, Yang, Rui, additional, You, Jiseon, additional, Yu, Guangsuo, additional, Zepka, Leila Queiroz, additional, and Zhu, Chenba, additional

Published
2022
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13. Controllable and tuneable growth of NaYbF4:Tm(0.5%)Fe(5%)@Na(Yb/Y)F4-core@shell structures and the effect of their geometry on upconversion luminescence.

Author

Ureña-Horno, Elena, Liu, Keqing, and Giardiello, Marco

Abstract

Lanthanide doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are a class of nanomaterials with excellent luminescence properties. The practical use of UCNPs, however, has been hindered by their relatively low upconversion (UC) quantum yields. Enhancing their efficiency, and therefore their brightness, is a critical goal for these emerging materials. In this study, a range of novel core@shell structures were synthesized using NaYbF4:Tm(0.5%)Fe(5%) as the core template to regulate the shell growth of Na(Yb/Y)F4. Here, we observed that the size and the morphology of the UCNPs can be fine-tuned by controlling the ratio of the Y3+/Yb3+ ions within the shell material, resulting in small rod-like structures that form when using a high concentration of Y3+ and larger hexagonal plate-like structures when using a high concentration of Yb3+. In terms of the optical properties, the UC luminescence and lifetime of the core-only and core@shell structures were measured. Overall, the emission intensity and lifetime of the UCNPs increased with the nanoparticle size. We observed that, under the same experimental conditions, larger core@shell nanostructures with a hexagonal shape showed brighter UC emission, compared to those with a small nanorod shape and core-only. Based on our findings, we propose a variety of energy transfer pathways arise through geometric alteration of the nanostructures upon varying the Y3+/Yb3+ ion concentration ratios within the shell material. Our results could have important significance for understanding the relationship between the geometry of UCNPs and their UC optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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16. Overexpression of a MYB1Transcription Factor Enhances Triacylglycerol and Starch Accumulation and Biomass Production in the Green Microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Author

Zhao, Jilong, Ge, Yunlong, Liu, Keqing, Yamaoka, Yasuyo, Zhang, Di, Chi, Zhanyou, Akkaya, Mahinur, and Kong, Fantao

Abstract

Microalgae are promising platforms for biofuel production. Transcription factors (TFs) are emerging as key regulators of lipid metabolism for biofuel production in microalgae. We previously identified a novel TF MYB1, which mediates lipid accumulation in the green microalga Chlamydomonasunder nitrogen depletion. However, the function of MYB1on lipid metabolism in microalgae under standard growth conditions remains poorly understood. Here, we examined the effects of MYB1overexpression (MYB1-OE) on lipid metabolism and physiological changes in Chlamydomonas. Under standard growth conditions, MYB1-OE transformants accumulated 1.9 to 3.2-fold more triacylglycerols (TAGs) than that in the parental line (PL), and total fatty acids (FAs) also significantly increased. Moreover, saturated FA (C16:0) was enriched in TAGs and total FAs in MYB1-OE transformants. Notably, starch and protein content and biomass production also significantly increased in MYB1-OE transformants compared with that in PL. Furthermore, RT-qPCR results showed that the expressions of key genes involved in TAG, FA, and starch biosynthesis were upregulated. In addition, MYB1-OE transformants showed higher biomass production without a compromised cell growth rate and photosynthetic activity. Overall, our results indicate that MYB1overexpression not only enhanced lipid content but also improved starch and protein content and biomass production under standard growth conditions. TF MYB1 engineering is a promising genetic engineering tool for biofuel production in microalgae.

Published
2023
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22. [Determination of residual monomers in polymer water treatment chemicals using high performance liquid chromatography].

Author

Fu J, Liu K, Ding Y, Wang L, Huang R, and Ma Z

Abstract

A method was developed for the determination of residual monomers in polymer water treatment chemicals (sodium of polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA), acrylic acid/maleic anhydride copolymer (AA/MA), polyacrylic acid (PAA), sodium of hydrolyzed polymaleic acid (HPMA), and maleic anhydride/acrylic acid/methyl acrylate copolymer (MA/AA/MAc) using high performance liquid chromatography. The separation was performed on a ZORBAX 300SB-C18 column (5 microm, 150 mm x 4.6 mm). The mobile phase was 0.01 mol/L KH2PO4 (pH 2.3, adjusted by 5% H3PO4)-methanol (95 : 5, v/v) with a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 210 nm and the column temperature was 30 degrees C. The sample was diluted by the mobile phase and filtrated for analysis. The residual monomers of maleic acid, fumaric acid and acrylic acid were completely separated and determined in 10 min, and the limits of detection were 0.5, 0.5, and 0.2 mg/L, respectively. The average recoveries were 98.9% - 103.7% with the relative standard deviations of 1.09% - 1.69%. The correlation coefficients for the linear equations were 0.999 6 - 0.999 9. These results demonstrate that the proposed method is simple, sensitive and reliable for the determination of the residual monomers in five polymer water treatment chemicals.

Published
2008

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