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CMOS‐compatible III–V semiconductor nanowire infrared photodetectors have attracted extensive research interest in various fields such as Si photonics and gas sensors. However, the traditional vertical configuration of nanowires limits their applications at the circuit level. Here, an in‐plane selective area epitaxy route is developed to grow large‐scale InAsSb nanowire networks on patterned Si substrates. By precisely tuning the growth parameters, the well‐aligned InAsSb nanowire networks with good selectivity are successfully achieved. Detailed structural studies confirm that there is a sharp interface between the InAsSb nanowire and the substrate. On the basis of optoelectronic measurements, it is confirmed that the fabricated InAsSb nanowire network photodetectors exhibit a low dark current density (≤2 mA cm−2) and a wide spectral response (1200–1650 nm) at room temperature, covering the important telecommunication bands. Moreover, these devices present a high on‐off ratio, large responsivity, high detectivity, and rapid response speed at zero bias voltage. At the illumination wavelength of 1200 nm, the on‐off ratio, responsivity, detectivity, and response time of a double nanowire networks photodetector can reach 2680, 286.9 mA W−1, 1.4 × 1010 Jones and 75.3 µs, respectively. This work offers a straightforward approach to in situ fabricating high‐performance scalable nanowire photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to its wide band gap, extreme mechanical hardness and high thermal conductivity, GaN has found widespread applications in optoelectronic devices and high-power/-frequency devices. However, the growth of high-quality and large-size GaN crystal substrates is still a great challenge, which hinders the development of power and radio frequency (RF) devices. The Na-flux method can emerge as an effective strategy to address these challenges. Nevertheless, the growth quality of GaN crystals is influenced by several factors during the growth process. This study focused on investigating the growth rate and quality of GaN in relation to the growth temperature and pressure. It also explains the difference in the solubility between N3− and GaN as a function of temperature in liquid phase melts. The intricacy of the Na-flux method and the opacity of the growth process present significant obstacles to the growth of GaN crystals. In order to accurately determine and optimise the growth conditions, the temperature distribution and material transport during the growth process are predicted by simulation. A series of validation experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of temperature and pressure on GaN crystallisation. Under optimised growth conditions, high-quality GaN crystals with a full width at half maximum of 433 arcsec (002) were obtained. This work provides an effective strategy for the liquid-phase growth of high-quality GaN crystals, facilitating the development of high-performance blue-green lasers, RF and power devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two crystalline large‐sized porous organic cages (POCs) based on conical calix[4]arene (C4A) were designed and synthesized. The four‐jaw C4A unit tends to follow the face‐directed self‐assembly law with the planar triangular building blocks such as tris(4‐aminophenyl)amine (TAPA) or 1,3,5‐tris(4‐aminophenyl)benzene (TAPB) to generate a predictable cage with a stoichiometry of [6+8]. The formation of the large cages is confirmed through their relative molecular mass measured using MALDI‐TOF/TOF spectra. The protonated molecular ion peaks of C4A‐TAPA and C4A‐TAPB were observed at m/z 5109.0 (calculated for C336H240O24N32: m/z 5109.7) and m/z 5594.2 (calculated for C384H264O24N24: m/z 5598.4). C4A‐POCs exhibit I‐type N2 adsorption‐desorption isotherms with the BET surface areas of 1444.9 m2 ⋅ g−1 and 1014.6 m2 ⋅ g−1. The CO2 uptakes at 273 K are 62.1 cm3 ⋅ g−1 and 52.4 cm3 ⋅ g−1 at a pressure of 100 KPa. The saturated iodine vapor static uptakes at 348 K are 3.9 g ⋅ g−1 and 3.5 g ⋅ g−1. The adsorption capacity of C4A‐TAPA for SO2 reaches to 124.4 cm3 ⋅ g−1 at 298 K and 1.3 bar. Additionally, the adsorption capacities of C4A‐TAPA for C2H2, C2H4, and C2H6 were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pulmonary high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas(pHGNEC) encompassing small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) are clinically aggressive tumors with poor prognosis. The role of surgery and prognostic factors guiding management remain unclear. We aimed to analyze prognosis following resection and identify predictive variables. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 259 patients undergoing pHGNEC resection from 2001–2023. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier curves. Prognostic factors were assessed with Cox regression and visualized using nomogram tools. Results: Minimally invasive surgery was associated with better OS (p = 0.001) and DFS (p = 0.001). Higher T stage predicted worse OS (T2 p = 0.044, T4 p = 0.007) and DFS (T2 p = 0.020, T4 p = 0.004). Advanced TNM stage III (OS p = 0.018; DFS p = 0.015) and IV (OS p < 0.001; DFS p < 0.001) also correlated with poorer prognosis. In the SCLC subgroup, elevated preoperative CEA independently predicted worse OS (p = 0.012) and DFS (p = 0.004). T4 disease (OS p < 0.001; DFS p = 0.002) and advanced TNM staging (stage III OS p = 0.043; DFS p = 0.045; stage IV OS p < 0.001, DFS p < 0.001) were associated with worse outcomes. In LCNEC patients, VATS resection improved OS (p = 0.048) and DFS (p = 0.027) despite conversion. Prior malignancy predicted worse OS (p < 0.001). Advanced TNM disease (stage III OS p = 0.047; stage IV OS p = 0.003, DFS p = 0.005) were also negative prognostic factors. The prognostic nomogram incorporating above variables effectively stratified risk. Calibration plots revealed good correlation between predicted and actual survival. Conclusions: We identified minimally invasive surgery, early TNM stage, younger age, and normal preoperative CEA as positive prognostic factors following pHGNEC resection. Our study provides an applicable prognostic nomogram to facilitate personalized pHGNEC management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the predictors for short and long term urinary continence (UC) recovery after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) from clinical and oncological variables. Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 142 prostate cancer patients who underwent LRP between September 2014 and June 2021 at a tumor specialist diagnosis and treatment center in China. The rate of post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) was evaluated from immediate and at 3, 6 and 12 mo after LRP, and UC was defined as the use of no or one safety pad. Sixteen clinical and oncological variables were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression analysis to determine whether they were associated with short (3 mo) or long term (12 mo) UC recovery after LRP. Results: After eliminating patients who were lost to follow-up, 129 patients were eventually included. The mean ± SD age was 68 ± 6.3 years. The UC rates of immediate, 3, 6 and 12 mo after the operation were 27.9%, 54.3%, 75.2% and 88.4%, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that membranous urethral length (MUL) was a protective predictor of UC after catheter extraction(P < 0.001), and at 3 mo (P < 0.001), 6 mo (P < 0.001) and 12 mo (P = 0.009) after surgery. Conclusion: MUL is a significant independent factor that can contribute to short and long term UC recovery post-LRP, which may assist clinicians and their patients in counseling of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The only occurrence of Lower Triassic silicic volcanic rocks within the South China Block is in the Qinzhou Bay area of Guangxi Province. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb dating reveals that volcanic rocks of the Beisi and Banba formations formed between 248.8 ± 1.6 and 246.5 ± 1.3 Ma, coeval with peraluminous granites of the Qinzhou Bay Granitic Complex. The studied rhyolites and dacites are characterized by high SiO2, K2O, and Al2O3, and low MgO, CaO, and P2O5 contents and are classified as high‐K calc‐alkaline S‐type rocks, with A/CNK = 0.98–1.19. The volcanic rocks are depleted in high field strength elements, e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti, and P, and enriched in large ion lithophile elements, e.g., Rb, K, Sr, and Ba. Although the analyzed volcanic rocks have extremely enriched zircon Hf isotopic compositions (εHf(t) = –29.1 to –6.9), source discrimination indicators and high calculated Ti‐in‐zircon temperatures (798–835°C) reveal that magma derived from enriched lithospheric mantle not only provided a heat source for anatectic melting of the metasedimentary protoliths but was also an endmember component of the S‐type silicic magma. The studied early Triassic volcanics are inferred to have formed immediately before closure of the Paleo‐Tethys Ocean in this region, as the associated subduction would have generated an extensional setting in which the mantle‐derived upwelling and volcanic activity occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: This study aimed to report nine Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) families with six novel IGHMBP2 mutations in our CMT2 cohort and to summarize the genetic and clinical features of all AR‐CMT2S patients reported worldwide. Methods: General information, clinical and neurophysiological data of 275 axonal CMT families were collected. Genetic screening was performed by inherited peripheral neuropathy related genes panel or whole exome sequencing. The published papers reporting AR‐CMT2S from 2014 to 2023 were searched in Pubmed and Wanfang databases. Results: In our CMT2 cohort, we detected 17 AR‐CMT2S families carrying IGHMBP2 mutations and eight were published previously. Among these, c.743 T > A (p.Val248Glu), c.884A > G (p.Asp295Gly), c.1256C > A (p.Ser419*), c.2598_2599delGA (p.Lys868Sfs*16), c.1694_1696delATG (p.Asp565del) and c.2509A > T (p.Arg837*) were firstly reported. These patients prominently presented with early‐onset typical axonal neuropathy and without respiratory dysfunction. So far, 56 AR‐CMT2S patients and 57 different mutations coming from 43 families have been reported in the world. Twenty‐nine of 32 missense mutations were clustered in helicase domain and ATPase region. The age at onset ranged from 0.11to 20 years (Mean ± SD: 3.43 ± 3.88 years) and the majority was infantile‐onset (<2 years). The initial symptoms included weakness of limbs (19, 29.7%), delayed milestones (12, 18.8%), gait disturbance (11, 17.2%), feet deformity (8, 12.5%), feet drop (8, 12.5%), etc. Interpretation: AR‐CMT2S accounted for 6.2% in our CMT2 cohort. We firstly reported six novel IGHMBP2 mutations which expanded the genotypic spectrum of AR‐CMT2S. Furthermore, 17 AR‐CMT2S families could provide more resources for natural history study, drug research and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the C4F7N mixed gas has attracted considerable attention for its outstanding insulation and arc-extinguishing capabilities, positioning it as a potential substitute for sulfur hexafluoride, SF6. However, there remains a limited understanding of the arc-extinguishing and insulation performance of C4F7N/CO2 mixed gas. In addition, there is limited research on high-current breaking in circuit breakers. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the arc characteristics and breaking behavior of 10%C4F7N/90%CO2 and 15%C4F7N/85%CO2 mixed gases using a magnetohydrodynamic model based on the 252kV air pressure circuit breaker. The dynamic characteristics of this mixed gas are compared with pure SF6 under short-circuit current breaking conditions, while analyzing different parameters of the C4F7N configuration. The results indicate that the mixed gas exhibits lower levels in terms of arc temperature, axial diffusion distance and pressure difference at the moment of arc initiation compared to pure SF6. Furthermore, increasing the inflating pressure can effectively enhance the breaking performance of the circuit breaker with 0.6 MPa, making it more suitable. Additionally, increasing the proportion of C4F7N in the mixed gases will cause the arc temperature to rise slightly at the initial arc and current crossing zero, but decrease at the peak current. The core pressure also rises significantly, with a greater pressure difference established in the compressor at moment of arc initiation. This study provides a reference for the design of an environmentally friendly circuit breaker and the selection of the mixed gas ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sepsis-induced acute liver injury (ALI) is common in intensive care units. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a vital role in hepatic fibrosis and steatosis; however, its role in sepsis-induced ALI remains unclear. This study found that hepatic ACE2 expression in cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-treated mice significantly decreased 24 h after CLP. ACE2-transgenic (TG) mice exhibited a significant improvement in CLP-induced ALI, accompanied by the inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, while ACE2-knockout mice demonstrated an opposite trend. During sepsis-induced ALI, ACE2-TG could also elevate the Ang-(1–7) and Mas receptor (MasR) levels in liver tissues. Interestingly, the MasR inhibitor A779 abrogated the favorable effects of ACE2 on CLP-induced ALI. In a bone marrow transplantation experiment, the ACE2-TG transplantation group showed significantly improved inflammation and liver dysfunction, less hepatocyte apoptosis, and reduced oxidative stress after CLP compared with the wild-type transplantation group. In contrast, the ACE2-knockout group showed poor inflammatory response and liver dysfunction, significantly more hepatocyte apoptosis, and elevated oxidative stress than the wild-type transplantation group after CLP. ACE2 protects against sepsis-induced ALI by inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation via the Ang-(1–7)–Mas receptor axis. Thus, targeting ACE2 may be a promising novel strategy for preventing and treating sepsis-induced ALI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf angle is a major trait of ideal architecture, which is considered to influence rice (Oryza sativa) cultivation and grain yield. Although a few mutants with altered rice leaf inclination angles have been reported, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we showed that a WRKY transcription factor gene, OsWRKY72, was highly expressed in the leaf sheath and lamina joint. Phenotypic analyses showed that oswrky72 mutants had smaller leaf angles than the wild type, while OsWRKY72 overexpression lines exhibited an increased leaf angle. This observation suggests that OsWRKY72 functions as a positive regulator, promoting the enlargement of the leaf angle. Our bioinformatics analysis identified LAZY1 as the downstream gene of OsWRKY72. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and dual-luciferase analysis revealed that OsWRKY72 directly inhibited LAZY1 by binding to its promoter. Moreover, knocking out OsWRKY72 enhanced shoot gravitropism, which contrasted with the phenotype of lazy1 plants. These results imply that OsWRKY72 regulates the leaf angle through gravitropism by reducing the expression of LAZY1. In addition, OsWRKY72 could directly regulate the expression of other leaf angle–related genes such as FLOWERING LOCUS T-LIKE 12 (OsFTL12) and WALL-ASSOCIATED KINASE 11 (OsWAK11). Our study indicates that OsWRKY72 contributes positively to the expansion of the leaf angle by interfering with shoot gravitropism in rice. A rice WRKY transcription factor directly inhibits LAZY1 by binding to its promoter, thereby increasing the leaf angle through the effects on shoot gravitropism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tectono-Magmatic Lull (TML) refers to the period between 2.37 and 2.24 Ga when magmatic activity declined globally, the cause of which remains debated. The North China Craton (NCC), which was formed by assembling several micro-blocks in Neoarchean to Paleoproterozoic, preserves the most records of magmatism across the TML. In this contribution, we report petrological, geochemical, and zircon U-Pb-Hf isotopic data of Paleoproterozoic basement rocks from the Xuhuai (XH) micro-block in the southeastern part of the NCC, and use them to constrain the geodynamic regime at the onset of the TML. Our data reveal that the central part of the XH micro-block is mainly composed of biotite granodioritic gneiss and plagioclase amphibolite, which is divided into a ca. 2510 Ma suite of low- and medium-pressure TTGs and a ca. 2430 Ma bimodal igneous suite including high-pressure TTG and plagioclase amphibolite. Variable magmatic zircon εHf(t) values (1.9 to 7.2), Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies for the 2510 Ma TTGs indicate that the parental magma, which was involved with mantle materials, was generated in an active subduction environment in this pre-TML era. The felsic component of bimodal igneous rocks with high Na/Ta ratios (27 to 30) and stable Mg# (41 to 44) suggests their magma source region was as deep as the rutile stability field, and the delamination-derived asthenosphere mantle ascending. The influx of hot mantle induces thermal weakening and mechanical stretching of the overlying crust, leading to back-arc extension. The results of this study support the hypotheses that the NCC formed from micro-block amalgamation and the trigger of the TML could be the large-scale delamination of the lower crust into the mantle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Phosphorus (P) fertilization affects plant diversity and ecosystem function by changing the abundance and composition of functional soil microorganisms and genes. Understanding the mechanisms regulating the soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and P cycle across different P fertilizer inputs is crucial to the management of P in sustainable agroecosystems. Methods: We investigated whether soil functional microorganisms affected the coupling of the abundance of soil C, N, P, and S genes under long-term (up to 14 years) P fertilizer input (0, 21.8, 43.6, and 87.2 kg P ha−1 yr−1) on the Loess Plateau of China. Results: Long-term P fertilizer input resulted in the increased abundance of soil functional microorganisms and the expression of soil C cycle genes but decreased soil P cycle genes. The relative abundance of ecological clusters (including bacteria, fungi, and archaea) was significantly correlated with functional genes related to the C, N, P, and S cycles. Soil Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Chloroflexi were the keystone taxa mediating soil nutrient cycling in wheat fields. Both Mantel's test and structural equation modeling indicated that the shifts in soil available C and P were the major factors driving the coupling of soil functional microorganisms and genes. Conclusions: The changes in soil microorganisms and genes can drive soil nutrient cycling and promote crop growth, suggesting that their relationship can provide new insight for understanding the microbial mechanisms of soil P turnover in sustainable agroecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, three structures (cylinder, square column, and hexagonal prism) of InGaAsP nanowire arrays are designed based on the excellent light trapping effect of nanostructures. The effects of nanowire aperture, array period, and nanowire height on the light absorption properties are simulated and analyzed using the finite-domain time-difference (FDTD) method. The photoelectron emission capacity of the nanowire arrays was also calculated using MATLAB. The results show that the cylindrical nanowire array has phenomenon of resonance enhancement (absorption peak) in the near-infrared band of 820–1000nm, and the shift of absorption peaks can be achieved by adjusting the geometric parameters. Meanwhile, the quantum efficiency is taken to 9.98%. These simulation results provide some reference for the photocathode design of InGaAsP in the near-infrared band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pigmented rice, especially black rice, is gaining popularity as it is rich in antioxidants such as anthocyanins and γ-oryzanol. At present, knowledge about temporal control of biosynthesis and accumulation of antioxidants during grain development is limited. To address this, the accumulation patterns of anthocyanins and γ-oryzanol were assessed in two distinct black rice genotypes over the course of grain development, and the expression of known regulatory genes for anthocyanin biosynthesis was examined. The results indicated that total γ-oryzanol content increased continuously throughout grain development, while total anthocyanins peaked at dough stage (15 to 21 days after flowering) followed by a decline until grain maturity in both genotypes. However, the rate of decrease in anthocyanin content differed between genotypes, and a more prominent decline in cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (C3G) relative to peonidin 3-O-glucoside (P3G) was observed for both. Anthocyanin content was closely linked with the expression of key regulatory genes in the MBW (MYB-bHLH-WD40) complex. This improved knowledge of the genotype-specific biosynthesis (anthocyanins only) and accumulation patterns of anthocyanins and γ-oryzanol can inform subsequent research efforts to increase concentrations of these key antioxidants in black rice grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To alleviate the selenium (Se) stress in fruit trees and improve its accumulation, the effects of exogenous indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on the growth and Se accumulation of grapevine under Se stress were studied. The application of exogenous IAA increased the biomass of grapevine, and the concentration of exogenous IAA had a regression relationship with the biomass. The root and shoot biomass were the maximum at 60 mg L− 1 IAA, increasing by 15.61% and 23.95%, respectively, compared with the control. Exogenous IAA also increased the photosynthetic pigments and the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase in grapevine. Moreover, exogenous IAA increased the contents of total Se, organic Se, and inorganic Se, and the concentration of exogenous IAA had a regression relationship with the total Se content. The highest contents of root total Se and shoot total Se were accumulated at 90 mg L− 1 IAA, increasing by 29.94% and 55.77% respectively,. In addition, the correlation and path analyses revealed that the carotenoid content and root total Se content were closely associated with the shoot total Se content. Therefore, the application of exogenous IAA can alleviate the stress of Se to grape and promote its uptake and the most effective amount for the uptake of Se is 90 mg L− 1 IAA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, pulmonary tuberculosis is a significant public health and social problem. We investigated the factors influencing the hospitalization cost of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and grouped cases based on a decision tree model to provide a reference for enhancing the management of diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) of this disease. The data on the first page of the medical records of patients with the primary diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis were extracted from the designated tuberculosis hospital. The influencing factors of hospitalization cost were determined using the Wilcoxon rank sum test and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, and the included cases were grouped using the chi-squared automated interaction test decision tree model, with these influential factors used as classification nodes. In addition, the included cases were grouped according to the ZJ-DRG grouping scheme piloted in Zhejiang Province, and the differences between the two grouping methods were compared. The length of hospital stay, respiratory failure, sex, and age were the determining factors of the hospitalization cost of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, and these factors were incorporated into the decision tree model to form eight case combinations. The reduction in variance (RIV) using this grouping method was 60.60%, the heterogeneity between groups was high, the coefficients of variance ranged from 0.29 to 0.47, and the intra-group difference was small. The patients were also divided into four groups based on the ZJ-DRG grouping scheme piloted in Zhejiang Province. The RIV using this grouping method was 55.24, the differences between groups were acceptable, the coefficients of variance were 1.00, 0.61, 0.77, and 0.87, respectively, and the intra-group difference was significant. When the pulmonary tuberculosis cases were grouped according to the duration of hospital stay, respiratory failure, and age, the results were rather reasonable, providing a reference for DRG management and cost control of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been anticipated to offer diverse real-time applications, wherein the crux is to guarantee the age of information (AoI) for dynamic traffic. However, the traffic temporal variation provokes the interdependence between queue status and interference, in which context the AoI performance remains to be further explored. In this paper, an analytical framework is established to characterize the AoI performance in NOMA-IoT networks with random Bernoulli and deterministic periodic arrivals. Particularly, a numerical algorithm is devised to obtain the queue service rate, and tractable expressions for AoI violation probability and average AoI under both the first-come first-served (FCFS) and the preemptive last-come first-served (LCFS-PR) service disciplines are derived. Simulations are conducted to validate the proposed analysis. The results unveil that LCFS-PR conduces to better AoI performance than FCFS, and yet the gain diverges for each device with different traffic arrival configurations. In addition, the result shows that with sporadic traffic arrival, the periodic pattern outperforms the Bernoulli pattern, whereas this advantage gradually diminishes with more frequent packet arrival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of wettability on the permeability performance of water–oil two-phase flow has attracted increasing attention. Dispersed flow and stratified flow are two flow regimes for water–oil two-phase flow in capillary fractures. The theoretical models of relative permeability considering wettability were developed for these two water–oil flow regimes from the momentum equations of the two-fluid model. Wettability coefficients were proposed to study the impact of wettability on relative permeabilities. Experiments were conducted to study the relative permeabilities of laminar water–oil two-phase flow in water-saturated and oil-saturated horizontal capillary fractures with different hydraulic diameters. These fractures were made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which had different surface wettabilities. In this experiment, the regimes are dispersed flow and stratified flow. The results show that the effect of wettability on the relative permeabilities increases as the hydraulic diameters of capillary fractures decrease for water–oil two-phase flow. The relative permeabilities in a water-saturated capillary fracture are higher than those in an oil-saturated capillary fracture of the same material. The relative permeabilities in a PTFE capillary fracture are larger than those in a PMMA capillary fracture under the same saturated condition. Wettability has little effect on the permeability performances of water–oil two-phase flow in water-saturated capillary fractures, but is significant for those in oil-saturated capillary fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim of this study is to assess the diagnostic efficacy of elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the identification of breast lesions subsequent to the optimization and correction of the BI-RADS category 4 classification obtained through conventional ultrasound. The objective is to augment both the specificity and accuracy of breast lesion diagnosis, thereby establishing a reliable framework for reducing unnecessary biopsies in clinical settings.A cohort comprising 50 cases of breast lesions classified under BI-RADS category 4 was collected during the period from November 2022 and November 2023. These cases were examined utilizing strain elastography (SE), shear wave elastography (SWE), and CEUS. Novel scoring methodologies for ultrasonic elastography (UE) and CEUS were formulated for this investigation. Subsequently, the developed UE and CEUS scoring systems were used to refine and optimize the conventional BI-RADS classification, either in isolation or in conjunction. Based on the revised classification, the benign group was classified as category 3 and the suspected malignant group was classified as category 4a and above, with pathological results serving as the definitive reference standard. The diagnostic efficacy of the optimized UE and CEUS, both independently and in combination, was meticulously scrutinized and compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, with pathological findings as the reference standard.Within the study group, malignancy manifested in 11 cases. Prior to the implementation of the optimization criteria, 78% (39 out of 50) of patients underwent biopsies deemed unnecessary. Following the application of optimization criteria, specifically a threshold of≥8.5 points for the UE scoring method and≥6.5 points for the CEUS scoring method, the incidence of unnecessary biopsies diminished significantly. Reduction rates were observed at 53.8% (21 out of 39) with the UE protocol, 56.4% (22 out of 39) with the CEUS protocol, and 89.7% (35 out of 39) with the combined UE and CEUS optimization protocols.The diagnostic efficacy of conventional ultrasound BI-RADS category 4 classification for breast lesions is enhanced following optimized correction using UE and CEUS, either independently or in conjunction. The application of the combined protocol demonstrates a notable reduction in the incidence of unnecessary biopsies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lavender plantation is globally expanded due to the increasing demand of its essential oil and its popularity as an ornamental species. However, lavender plantations, and consequently essential oil industries, are threatened by more frequent and severe drought episodes in a globally changing climate. Still little is known about the changes in the general metabolome, which provides the precursors of essential oil production, by extended drought events. Prolonged drought fundamentally results in yield losses and changing essential oil composition. In the present study, the general metabolome of a main cultivated lavender species (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) in response to water deprivation (WD) and re‐watering was analyzed to identify the metabolomics responses. We found prolonged WD resulted in significant accumulations of glucose, 1,6‐anhydro‐β‐D‐glucose, sucrose, melezitose and raffinose, but declines of allulose, β‐D‐allose, altrose, fructose and D‐cellobiose accompanied by decreased organic acids abundances. Amino acids and aromatic compounds of p‐coumaric acid, hydrocaffeic acid and caffeic acid significantly accumulated at prolonged WD, whereas aromatics of cis‐ferulic acid, taxifolin and two fatty acids (i.e., palmitic acid and stearic acid) significantly decreased. Prolonged WD also resulted in decreased abundances of polyols, particularly myo‐inositol, galactinol and arabitol. The altered metabolite profiles by prolonged WD were mostly not recovered after re‐watering, except for branched‐chain amino acids, proline, serine and threonine. Our study illustrates the complex changes of leaf primary and secondary metabolic processes of L. angustifolia by drought events and highlights the potential impact of these precursors of essential oil production on the lavender industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclic peptides offer a range of notable advantages, including potent antibacterial properties, high binding affinity and specificity to target molecules, and minimal toxicity, making them highly promising candidates for drug development. However, a comprehensive database that consolidates both synthetically derived and naturally occurring cyclic peptides is conspicuously absent. To address this void, we introduce CyclicPepedia (https://www.biosino.org/iMAC/cyclicpepedia/), a pioneering database that encompasses 8744 known cyclic peptides. This repository, structured as a composite knowledge network, offers a wealth of information encompassing various aspects of cyclic peptides, such as cyclic peptides' sources, categorizations, structural characteristics, pharmacokinetic profiles, physicochemical properties, patented drug applications, and a collection of crucial publications. Supported by a user-friendly knowledge retrieval system and calculation tools specifically designed for cyclic peptides, CyclicPepedia will be able to facilitate advancements in cyclic peptide drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for advanced electrode materials to solve slow ion diffusion and poor conductivity issues has spurred the development of fast‐charging sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, a 2D metallic anode, KCu4S3, is reported expertly crafted using a KSCN molten salt approach, laying the foundation for fast‐charging SIBs. It is found that the mixed metal‐valence states within this compound provide substantial advantages, particularly in enhancing the high‐rate capability and ensuring long‐term durability. The mechanism that appears to facilitate these benefits can be traced to the formation of NaCu2S2 intermediate, which assist in electron transfer during Na+ (de)intercalation. In situ observations confirm the sodiation products of NaCu2S2 and sodium polysulfide can recover to the original phase upon desodiation. Such distinctive characteristics endow KCu4S3 with remarkable electrochemical performances, including an impressive capacity of 355 mAh g−1 at 20 A g−1 and 100% capacity retention within 3000 cycles. Moreover, the full cell exhibits a high energy density of 332 Wh kg−1 and retains 92% of its capacity across 150 cycles at 1 A g−1. This work opens new horizons in the field of fast‐charging materials, making a significant step forward in shaping the future of SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To establish a parentage identification method for Strongylocentrotus intermedius, 15 microsatellite loci and simple sequence repeat sequencing (SSR-seq) technology were used to perform SSR sequencing and typing of the validation population with known pedigree information and the simulation population. Cervus v3.0 was used for gene frequency statistics, simulated analysis, and parentage identification analysis. The results showed that, in validation population, using 15 microsatellite loci, the highest success rate of parent pairs identification was 86%, the highest success rate of female parent identification was 93%, and the highest success rate of male parent identification was 90%. The simulated population was analyzed using 12–15 loci, and the identification rate was up to 90%. In cases where accurate parentage was not achieved, individuals could exhibit genetic similarities with 1–3 male or female parents. Individuals identified as lacking a genetic relationship can be selected as parents to prevent inbreeding. This study shows that parent pairs or single parents of most offspring can be identified successfully using these 15 selected loci. The results lay a foundation for the establishment of a parentage identification method for S. intermedius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, recently renamed metabolic dysfunction- associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is a progressive metabolic disorder that begins with aberrant triglyceride accumulation in the liver and can lead to cirrhosis and cancer. A common variant in the gene PNPLA3, encoding the protein PNPLA3- I148M, is the strongest known genetic risk factor for MASLD. Despite its discovery 20 y ago, the function of PNPLA3, and now the role of PNPLA3- I148M, remain unclear. In this study, we sought to dissect the biogenesis of PNPLA3 and PNPLA3- I148M and characterize changes induced by endogenous expression of the disease- causing variant. Contrary to bioinformatic predictions and prior studies with overexpressed proteins, we demonstrate here that PNPLA3 and PNPLA3- I148M are not endoplasmic reticulum- resident transmembrane proteins. To identify their intracellular associations, we generated a paired set of isogenic human hepatoma cells expressing PNPLA3 and PNPLA3- I148M at endogenous levels. Both proteins were enriched in lipid droplet, Golgi, and endosomal fractions. Purified PNPLA3 and PNPLA3- I148M proteins associated with phosphoinositides commonly found in these compartments. Despite a similar fractionation pattern as the wild- type variant, PNPLA3- I148M induced morphological changes in the Golgi apparatus, including increased lipid droplet--Golgi contact sites, which were also observed in I148M- expressing primary human patient hepatocytes. In addition to lipid droplet accumulation, PNPLA3- I148M expression caused significant proteomic and transcriptomic changes that resembled all stages of liver disease. Cumulatively, we validate an endogenous human cellular system for investigating PNPLA3- I148M biology and identify the Golgi apparatus as a central hub of PNPLA3- I148M- driven cellular change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophages are immune cells in the TME that can not only inhibit angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, cancer cell proliferation, and metastasis but also mediate the phagocytosis and killing of cancer cells after activation, making them key targets in anti-tumor immunotherapy. However, there is little research on macrophages and their relation to disease prognosis in HNSCC. Initially, we collected scRNA-seq, bulk RNA-seq, and clinical data. Subsequently, we identified macrophages and distinguished MRGs. Using the K-means algorithm, we performed consensus unsupervised clustering. Next, we used ssGSEA analysis to assess immune cell infiltration in MRG clusters. A risk model was established using multivariate Cox analysis. Then, Kaplan–Meier, ROC curves, univariate and multivariate COX analyses, and C-index was used to validate the predictive power of the signature. The TIDE method was applied to assess the response to immunotherapy in patients diagnosed with HNSCC. In addition, drug susceptibility predictions were made for the GDSC database using the calcPhenotype function. We found that 8 MRGs had prognostic potential. Patients in the MRG group A had a higher probability of survival, and MRG clusters A and B had different characteristics. Cluster A had a higher degree of expression and infiltration in MRG, indicating a closer relationship with MRG. The accuracy of the signature was validated using univariate and multivariate Cox analysis, C-index, and nomogram. Immune landscape analysis found that various immune functions were highly expressed in the low-risk group, indicating an improved response to immunotherapy. Finally, drugs with high sensitivity to HNSCC (such as 5-Fluorouracil, Temozolomide, Carmustine, and EPZ5676) were explored and analyze the malignant characteristics of HNSCC. We constructed a prognostic model using multivariate Cox analysis, consisting of 8 MRGs (TGM2, STC1, SH2D3C, PIK3R3, MAP3K8, ITGA5, ARHGAP4, and AQP1). Patients in the low-risk group may have a higher response to immunotherapy. The more prominent drugs for drug selection are 5-fluorouracil, temozolomide and so on. Malignant features associated with HNSCC include angiogenesis, EMT, and the cell cycle. This study has opened up new prospects for the prognosis, prediction, and clinical treatment strategy of HNSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rainfall serves as a significant factor contributing to slope stability challenges in mountainous areas, and simulating the process of slope rainwater movement is a crucial approach for analyzing the stability of slopes triggered by rainfall. By combining computer numerical simulation technology with traditional hydraulic and hydrological calculation theories, it is possible to create an efficient and precise rainwater movement model that can simulate and analyze the process of rainwater movement on slopes. Utilizing natural slopes as the focal point of our research, the cellular automaton method was applied to simulate rainfall runoff on slopes, and a Cellular Automata (CA) based model for rainwater movement process was developed. This model modified the Green-Ampt (G-A) infiltration model by adopting an elliptical water content curve and introducing a coefficient that quantifies the ratio of saturated to unsaturated depth. Additionally, we refined the rules governing runoff generation and convergence within the slope and on its surface, enabling a comprehensive simulation of the entire rainwater movement process on the slope. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the model was validated through analytical solutions derived from simplified assumptions, laboratory experiments on infiltration and runoff in the flume, and a case study of a natural slope. The results show that the infiltration calculation results of the rainwater movement model are closer to the experimental values, and their overall values are slightly higher than the measured values, which are basically consistent with the model test results; The runoff calculation results show a phenomenon of initially increasing and gradually approaching the measured values compared to the measured values. When applying the model to an actual slope, it was found that the model comprehensively accounts for the influence of slope seepage, infiltration and runoff process, has better performance compared to G-A modified model. The model can be used to describe the spatial distribution and temporal variation of infiltration and runoff processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare cancer with a bleak prognosis. The relationship between its clinicopathological features and survival remains incompletely elucidated. Tumor deposits (TD) have been utilized to guide the N staging in the 8th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging manual, but their prognostic significance remains to be established in colorectal SRCC. Patients and methods: The subjects of this study were patients with stage III/IV colorectal SRCC who underwent surgical treatment. The research comprised two cohorts: a training cohort and a validation cohort. The training cohort consisted of 631 qualified patients from the SEER database, while the validation cohort included 135 eligible patients from four independent hospitals in China. The study assessed the impact of TD on Cancer-Specific Survival (CSS) and Overall Survival (OS) using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression models. Additionally, a prognostic nomogram model was constructed for further evaluation. Results: In both cohorts, TD-positive patients were typically in the stage IV and exhibited the presence of perineural invasion (PNI) (P < 0.05). Compared to the TD-negative group, the TD-positive group showed significantly poorer CSS (the training cohort: HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.52–2.31; the validation cohort: HR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.55–3.81; all P values < 0.001). This association was significant in stage III but not in stage IV. In the multivariate model, after adjusting for covariates, TD maintained an independent prognostic value (P < 0.05). A nomogram model including TD, N stage, T stage, TNM stage, CEA, and chemotherapy was constructed. Through internal and external validation, the model demonstrated good calibration and accuracy. Further survival curve analysis based on individual scores from the model showed good discrimination. Conclusion: TD positivity is an independent factor of poor prognosis in colorectal SRCC patients, and it is more effective to predict the prognosis of colorectal SRCC by building a model with TD and other clinically related variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An external electric field-assisted method is proposed to improve the electron collection capability of InGaN photocathode. We use the diffusion drift equation to calculate the photoemission performance of the nanowire arrays. The results show that nanowire array has better electron collection ability with the aid of external electric field. When the incidence angle is 88∘ and 70∘, the quantum efficiency and collection efficiency reach the maximum respectively. When the external electric field is 0.6 V/ μ m, the maximum collection efficiency is 34.2%. Compared with no electric field, the electron collection ratio increased by 69.4%. The external electric field- assisted InGaN photocathode can significantly improve the photoelectric emission performance, which is expected to be realized in future experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let G be a generalized matrix algebra. A linear map ϕ : G → G is said to be a left (right) Lie centralizer at E ∈ G if ϕ ([ S , T ]) = [ ϕ (S) , T ] ( ϕ ([ S , T ]) = [ S , ϕ (T) ] ) holds for all S , T ∈ G with ST = E. ϕ is of a standard form if ϕ (A) = Z A + γ (A) for all A ∈ G , where Z is in the center of G and γ is a linear map from G into its center vanishing on each commutator [ S , T ] whenever ST = E. In this paper, we give a complete characterization of ϕ. It is shown that, under some suitable assumptions on G , ϕ has a standard form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microstructure of coal reservoirs and their fluid-endowment characteristics are important indicators for evaluating coalbed methane during mining. This study aimed to investigate the influence mechanism of the nanopore structure of different coal ranks on the fluid distribution characteristics. Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), centrifugal force, and heat treatment tests were conducted. The results indicated that as the degree of coal metamorphism increases, micro-transition pores increase significantly, mesopores–macropores decrease, and the nonhomogeneity of the pores increases. The optimum centrifugal forces for low-, middle-, and high-rank coals were 1.68, 1.08, and 1.08 MPa, respectively. The corresponding mean T2C1 (first T2 cutoff) values were measured as 8.01, 1.61, and 5.09 ms, respectively, while the mean T2C2 (second T2 cutoff) values were 0.23, 0.26, and 1.25 ms, respectively. Pore sizes less than 11.6 nm indicate unrecoverable fluid, those higher than 88 nm indicate free fluid, and the rest (11.6–88 nm) indicate capillary bound fluid. As the degree of coal metamorphism increases, free fluid saturation decreases, capillary bound fluid saturation increases and then decreases, and unrecoverable fluid saturation increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microglia overactivation-induced neuroinflammation is a significant cause of the brain injury after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Iron homeostasis is crucial for microglia activation, but the mechanism and causality still need further study. This study aimed to explore the roles and mechanism of the mitochondrial iron transporter SLC25A28 in microglia activation after ICH. Intrastriatal injection of autologous blood was used to establish ICH model, and the neuroinflammation, iron metabolism and brain injuries were assessed in wildtype or microglia-specific SLC25A28 knockout mice after ICH. Mitochondria iron levels and microglial function were determined in SLC25A28 overexpressed or deleted microglia. The extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), lactate production, and glycolytic enzyme levels were used to determine aerobic glycolysis. The results showed that ICH stimulated mitochondrial iron overload, and synchronously upregulated the SLC25A28 expression. In vitro, SLC25A28 overexpression increased mitochondrial iron levels in microglia. Interestingly, microglial SLC25A28 deficiency ameliorated neuroinflammation, brain edema, blood–brain barrier injury and ethological alterations in mice after ICH. Mechanically, SLC25A28 deficiency inhibited microglial activation by restricting the aerobic glycolysis. Moreover, zinc protoporphyrin could reduce SLC25A28 expression and mitigated brain injury. SLC25A28 plays crucial roles in mitochondrial iron homeostasis and microglia activation after ICH, and it might be a potential therapeutic target for ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let N be a non-trivial nest on a Hilbert space H and alg N be the associated nest algebra. Let G ∈ alg N be an operator with ran (G) ¯ ∈ N \ { H } . In this note, we give a description of Lie derivable maps and generalized Lie 2-derivable maps at G of nest algebra alg N . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To measure the therapeutic effect of an anti‐oxidant, edaravone (EDV), or neurotrophic treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF) as an add‐on treatment for alcohol‐related brain damage (ARBD). Design: Multi‐centre, randomised, single‐blinded, comparative clinical trial. Setting and participants: One hundred and twenty‐two inpatients recruited from seven hospitals in different regions of China, all diagnosed with ARBD and aged 18 to 65 years old; among them, only two were female. Intervention and comparator: Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three treatments for 2 weeks: 40 patients, treatment as usual (TAU: a combination of intramuscular injections of thiamine, intravenous infusions of other B vitamins with vitamin C and oral medication with vitamin E per day); 40, EDV add‐on treatment to TAU (intravenous infusion with 30 mg of EDV twice per day); and 42, NGF add‐on treatment to TAU (intramuscular injection of 20 μg of NGF per day). The patients underwent follow‐up for 24 weeks. Measurements: The primary outcome was the composite score of executive cognitive function in the 2nd week after treatment, which was measured as the mean of the Z scores of the assessments, including the digit symbol substitute test (DSST), digit span memory test‐forward (DST‐F), digit span memory test‐reverse (DST‐R) and space span memory test (SSMT). The secondary outcomes were the composite scores at later follow‐ups, the score for each component of cognitive function, global cognitive function measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), craving for alcohol and the safety of the therapies. Findings EDV add‐on treatment improved the composite score of executive cognitive function better than TAU in the 2nd week (adjusted mean difference: 0.24, 95% confidence interval 0.06 to 0.41; P = 0.008), but NGF add‐on treatment did not (adjusted mean difference: 0.07, 95% confidence interval −0.09 to 0.24; P = 0.502). During the follow‐up to 24 weeks, EDV add‐on treatment improved the composite score of executive cognitive function and DST‐R score better than TAU (both P < 0.01). Craving for alcohol was relieved in all three groups. No severe adverse events were observed. Conclusion: The short‐term addition of edaravone to supplementary therapy treatment for alcohol‐related brain damage (ARBD) improved executive cognitive function in patients with ARBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we have systematically investigated the Krylov complexity of curvature perturbation for the modified dispersion relation in inflation, using the algorithm in closed system and open system. Since many quantum gravitational frameworks could lead to this kind of modified dispersion relation, our analysis could be applied to the string cosmology, loop gravity, e.t.c. Following the Lanczos algorithm, we find the very early universe is an infinite, many-body, and maximal chaotic system. Our numerics shows that the Lanczos coefficient and Lyapunov index of the standard dispersion relation are mainly determined by the scale factor. As for the modified case, it is nearly determined by the momentum. In a method of the closed system, we discover that the Krylov complexity will show irregular oscillation before the horizon exits. The modified case will present faster growth after the horizon exists. Since the whole universe is an open system, the approach of an open system is more realistic and reliable. Then, we construct the exact wave function which is very robust only requiring the Lanczos coefficient proportional to n (main quantum number). Based on it, we find the Krylov complexity and Krylov entropy could nicely recover in the case of a closed system under the weak dissipative approximation, in which our analysis shows that the evolution of Krylov complexity will not be the same with the original situation. We also find the inflationary period is a strong dissipative system. Meanwhile, our numerics clearly shows the Krylov complexity will grow during the whole inflationary period. But for the small scales, there will be a peak after the horizon exits. Our analysis reveals that the dramatic change in background (inflation) will significantly impact the evolution of Krylov complexity. Since the curvature perturbation will transit from the quantum level to the classical level. We could expect that the decoherence will highly impact the Krylov complexity during inflation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperature and water vapor profiles are essential to climate change studies and weather forecasting. Hyperspectral instruments are of great value for retrieving temperature and water vapor profiles, enabling accurate monitoring of their changes. Successful retrievals of temperature and water vapor profiles require accuracy of hyperspectral radiometer measurements. In this study, the radiometric accuracy of an airborne hyperspectral microwave radiometer, the High Spectral Resolution Airborne Microwave Sounder (HiSRAMS), and a ground-based hyperspectral infrared radiometer, the Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI), is simultaneously assessed by performing radiative closure tests under clear-sky conditions in Ottawa, Canada. As an airborne instrument, HiSRAMS has two radiometers measuring radiance in the oxygen band (49.6–58.3 GHz) and water vapor band (175.9–184.6 GHz) for zenith-pointing and nadir-pointing observations. AERI provides ground-based, zenith-pointing radiance measurements between 520 and 1800 cm -1. A systematic warm radiance bias is present in AERI observations in the window band. Upon removal of this bias, improved radiative closure was attained in the window band. The brightness temperature (BT) bias in nadir-pointing HiSRAMS observations is smaller than at the zenith. A novel but straightforward method is developed to diagnose the radiometric accuracy of the two instruments in comparison based on the relationship between radiometric bias and optical depth. Compared to AERI, HiSRAMS demonstrates similar radiometric accuracy for nadir-pointing measurements but exhibits relatively poor accuracy for zenith-pointing measurements, which requires further characterization. Future work on temperature and water vapor concentration retrievals using HiSRAMS and AERI is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In mammals, glial cell derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) plays a critical role in the self-renewal and maintenance of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) in testis and oogenesis in ovary, whilst retinoic acid (RA), the key factor of meiosis initiation, can downregulate its expression. Unlike mammals, two Gdnf replication genes are widely present in teleost fishes, however, our understanding of them is still poor. In the present study, two paralogous gdnf from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), namely as Ongdnfa and Ongdnfb , were characterized, and then their cellular expression profiles in testis and ovary and responsiveness to RA treatment at the tissue and cellular levels were investigated. In phylogenetic tree, the Gdnfa and Gdnfb from teleost fishes were clustered into two different subclasses, respectively, and then clustered with the homologs from cartilaginous fish and tetrapods, suggesting that OnGdnfa and OnGdnfb are orthologous to GDNF and paralogous to each other. Ongdnfa is expressed in Sertoli cells and Leydig cells in testis and oocytes in ovary. The expression pattern of Ongdnfb is similar to Ongdnfa. In the ex vivo testicular organ culture, RA down-regulated the expression of Ongdnfa , whereas up-regulated the expression of Ongdnfb (P < 0.05), suggesting that they have differential responsiveness to RA signaling. RA treatment of the cultured cells derived from adult Nile tilapia testis which have the expression of RA receptors (RAR), Ongdnfa and Ongdnfb further confirmed the above result. Collectively, our study suggests that Ongdnfa and Ongdnfb have non-germline expression patterns in testis and germline expression patterns in ovary; furthermore, they have differential responsiveness to RA signaling, implying that they might have differential biological functions. This study broadens and enriches our understanding of fish GDNF homologs and lays foundation for the study of their biological functions in the future. • Two paralogous gdnf (Ongdnfa and Ongdnfb) were characterized from Nile tilapia. • Ongdnfa and Ongdnfb had non-germline expressions in testis. • Ongdnfa and Ongdnfb had germline expressions in ovary. • Ongdnfa and Ongdnfb had differential responsiveness to RA treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a wide band gap semiconductor, gallium nitride (GaN) has high breakdown voltage, excellent structural stability and mechanical properties, giving it unique advantages in applications such as high frequency, high power, and high temperature. As a result, it has broad application prospects in optoelectronics and microelectronics. However, the lack of high‐quality, large‐size GaN crystal substrates severely limit the improvement of electronic device performance. To solve this problem, liquid phase growth of GaN has attracted much attention because it can produce higher quality GaN crystals compared to traditional vapor phase growth methods. This review introduces two main methods of liquid phase growth of GaN: the flux method and ammonothermal method, as well as their advantages and challenges. It reviews the research history and recent advances of these two methods, including the effects of different solvents and mineralizers on the growth quality and performance of GaN crystals, as well as various technical improvements. This review aims to outline the principles, characteristics, and development trends of liquid phase growth of GaN, to provide more inspiration for future research on liquid phase growth, and to achieve further breakthroughs in its development and commercial application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of mono/bimetallic isostructural hybrid tetraborates of the general formula [ZnxCo(1−x)(1,3-dap)B4O7] has been prepared using a solvothermal method. Their adsorption/desorption curves for H2O and D2O demonstrate that these materials have a stronger affinity for H2O than for D2O and enrich the D2O content of D2O/H2O mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A resonance-enhanced GaInAsSb nanopillar array negative electron affinity potential photocathode based on Mie resonance excitation at infrared wavelengths can significantly enhance the absorption and quantum efficiency of nanopillar arrays. Our study indicates the different periodic structures have very little effect on the QE for the nanopillar arrays. However, the smaller the period of the array, the higher the quantum efficiency is achieved, but the probability of being collected by the anode is reduced, so a compromise should be considered in the structure design. Moreover, the incident light inclination and the external electric field can significantly affect the quantum efficiency of the nanopillar arrays. The photocathodes studied here have a quantum efficiency of over 5.7% with an angle of incidence of 30∘ and an applied electric field intensity of 1.2V/μm. This work provides an important reference and theoretical basis for the design and optimization of resonance-enhanced GaInAsSb nanopillar arrays photocathode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), a serious complication of diabetes, remains a clinical challenge. MicroRNAs affect inflammation and may have therapeutic value in DFU. Here, we find that an miR-221-3p mimic reduces the inflammatory response and increases skin wound healing rates in a mouse model of diabetes, whereas miR-221-3p knockout produced the opposite result. In human keratinocytes cells, miR-221-3p suppresses the inflammatory response induced by high glucose. The gene encoding DYRK1A is a target of miR-221-3p. High glucose increases the expression of DYRK1A, but silencing DYRK1A expression decreases high glucose–induced inflammatory cytokine release via dephosphorylation of STAT3, a substrate of DYRK1A. Application of miR-221-3p mimic to human keratinocytes cells not only decreases DYRK1A expression but also inhibits high glucose–induced production of inflammatory cytokines to promote wound healing. This molecular mechanism whereby miR-221-3p regulates inflammation through the DYRK1A/STAT3 signaling pathway suggests targets and therapeutic approaches for treating DFU. The microRNA miR-221-3p inhibits the inflammatory response and promotes skin wound healing in diabetes by targeting DYRK1A expression, thereby regulating the DYRK1A/STAT3 signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of efficient biomarkers for the early detection of gastric cancer (GC) contributes to its high mortality rate, so it is crucial to discover novel diagnostic targets for GC. Recent studies have implicated the potential of site‐specific glycans in cancer diagnosis, yet it is challenging to perform highly reproducible and sensitive glycoproteomics analysis on large cohorts of samples. Here, a highly robust N‐glycoproteomics (HRN) platform comprising an automated enrichment method, a stable microflow LC‐MS/MS system, and a sensitive glycopeptide‐spectra‐deciphering tool is developed for large‐scale quantitative N‐glycoproteome analysis. The HRN platform is applied to analyze serum N‐glycoproteomes of 278 subjects from three cohorts to investigate glycosylation changes of GC. It identifies over 20 000 unique site‐specific glycans from discovery and validation cohorts, and determines four site‐specific glycans as biomarker candidates. One candidate has branched tetra‐antennary structure capping with sialyl‐Lewis antigen, and it significantly outperforms serum CEA with AUC values > 0.89 compared against < 0.67 for diagnosing early‐stage GC. The four‐marker panel can provide improved diagnostic performances. Besides, discrimination powers of four candidates are also testified with a verification cohort using PRM strategy. This findings highlight the value of this strong tool in analyzing aberrant site‐specific glycans for cancer detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stripe rust is a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. Chinese wheat cultivar Lanhangxuan 121 (LHX121), selected from an advanced line L92-47 population that had been subjected to space mutation breeding displayed a consistently higher level of resistance to stipe rust than its parent in multiple field environments. The aim of this research was to establish the number and types of resistance genes in parental lines L92-47 and LHX121 using separate segregating populations. The first population developed from a cross between LHX121 and susceptible cultivar Xinong 822 comprised 278 F2:3 lines. The second validation population comprised 301 F2:3 lines from a cross between L92-47 and susceptible cultivar Xinong 979. Lines of two population were evaluated for stripe rust response at three sites during the 2018–2020 cropping season. Affymetrix 660 K SNP arrays were used to genotype the lines and parents. Inclusive composite interval mapping detected QTL QYrLHX.nwafu-2BS, QYrLHX.nwafu-3BS, and QYrLHX.nwafu-5BS for resistance in all three environments. Based on previous studies and pedigree information, QYrLHX.nwafu-2BS and QYrLHX.nwafu-3BS were likely to be Yr27 and Yr30 that are present in the L92-47 parent. QYrLHX.nwafu-5BS (YrL121) detected only in LHX121 was mapped to a 7.60 cM interval and explained 10.67–22.57% of the phenotypic variation. Compared to stripe rust resistance genes previously mapped to chromosome 5B, YrL121 might be a new adult plant resistance QTL. Furthermore, there were a number of variations signals using 35 K SNP array and differentially expressed genes using RNA-seq between L92-47 and LHX121 in the YrL121 region, indicating that they probably impair the presence and/or function of YrL121. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tunability of optical performance is one of the key technologies for adaptive optoelectronic applications, such as camouflage clothing, displays, and infrared shielding. High-precision spectral tunability is of great importance for some special applications with on-demand adaptability but remains challenging. Here we demonstrate a galvanostatic control strategy to achieve this goal, relying on the finding of the quantitative correlation between optical properties and electrochemical reactions within materials. An electrochromic electro-optical efficiency index is established to optically fingerprint and precisely identify electrochemical redox reactions in the electrochromic device. Consequently, the charge-transfer process during galvanostatic electrochemical reaction can be quantitatively regulated, permitting precise control over the final optical performance and on-demand adaptability of electrochromic devices as evidenced by an ultralow deviation of <3.0%. These findings not only provide opportunities for future adaptive optoelectronic applications with strict demand on precise spectral tunability but also will promote in situ quantitative research in a wide range of spectroelectrochemistry, electrochemical energy storage, electrocatalysis, and material chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented paper numerically investigates the internal flow behaviors and energy dissipation during the no-load startup process toward a Francis turbine. Passive runner rotation is implemented through the angular momentum balance equation accompanied by dynamic mesh technology and user defined function. Three phases of rotational speed are identified: stationary, rapid increase, and slow increase. Head exhibits a monotonic decrease, rapid rise and fall, and eventual fluctuation. Flow rate shows quasi-linear increase. The pressure fluctuations in the vaneless region are primarily dominated by the frequencies induced by Rotor-Stator Interaction and a broad frequency range below 50 Hz, and below 30 Hz in the draft tube. Runner inlet experiences positive to negative incidence angles, causing intense flow separation and unstable structures. Draft tube exhibits large-scale recirculation and evolving vortex structures. Energy loss analysis based on the entropy production method highlights the runner and draft tube as primary contributors. The energy loss within the runner exhibits an initial increase, subsequent decrease, and then a rise again during the stationary and rapid speed increase phases. While the draft tube shows a rapid increase during the phase of rapid speed increase. Turbulent fluctuations significantly contribute to entropy production loss, with trends matching total entropy production. Maximum energy loss locations correspond to runner inlet and draft tube wall, emphasizing the importance of unstable flow and vortex generation. This study establishes foundational insights into unstable hydrodynamics and energy dissipation modes during hydraulic turbine no-load startup, paving the way for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal rock pores are the space in which coalbed gas is stored and flows. Accurately characterizing the pore structure of coalbed gas is the foundation of coalbed gas reserve assessment and production forecasting. Traditional experimental methods are unable to characterize the multi-scale pore structure characteristics of coal rock. In this paper, a multi-scale pore structure characterization method is proposed by coupling various experimental methods, including low-pressure nitrogen gas adsorption experiments, X-ray computed tomography (XCT) imaging technology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Using Zhengzhuang coalbed gas as an example, the micro-pore structure of coalbed gas reservoirs is characterized and depicted from a multi-scale perspective. The results indicate that a single experimental approach can only partially reveal the microstructure of coal rock pores. The combined use of multiple methods can accurately reveal the full-scale microstructure of coal rock pores. The pore structure of the experimental coal rock samples exhibits multi-scale characteristics, with a complex variety of pore types, including inorganic pores, organic pores, and fractures. Organic pores are predominant, with a small number of inorganic pores, and their sizes range from 2 nm to 50 μm. Mineral particles and fractures are observed at both the nanoscale and microscale, exhibiting typical multi-scale characteristics, with quartz being the predominant mineral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternative splicing (AS) plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression, function, and diversity. However, limited reports exist on the identification and comparison of AS in Eastern and Western pigs. Here, we analyzed 243 transcriptome data from eight tissues, integrating information on transcription factors (TFs), selection signals, splicing factors (SFs), and quantitative trait loci (QTL) to comprehensively study alternative splicing events (ASEs) in pigs. Five ASE types were identified, with Mutually Exclusive Exon (MXE) and Skipped Exon (SE) ASEs being the most prevalent. A significant portion of genes with ASEs (ASGs) showed conservation across all eight tissues (63.21–76.13% per tissue). Differentially alternative splicing genes (DASGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exhibited tissue specificity, with blood and adipose tissues having more DASGs. Functional enrichment analysis revealed coDASG_DEGs in adipose were enriched in pathways associated with adipose deposition and immune inflammation, while coDASG_DEGs in blood were enriched in pathways related to immune inflammation and metabolism. Adipose deposition in Eastern pigs might be linked to the down-regulation of immune-inflammation-related pathways and reduced insulin resistance. The TFs, selection signals, and SFs appeared to regulate ASEs. Notably, ARID4A (TF), NSRP1 (SF), ANKRD12, IFT74, KIAA2026, CCDC18, NEXN, PPIG, and ROCK1 genes in adipose tissue showed potential regulatory effects on adipose-deposition traits. NSRP1 could promote adipogenesis by regulating alternative splicing and expression of CCDC18. Conducting an in-depth investigation into AS, this study has successfully identified key marker genes essential for pig genetic breeding and the enhancement of meat quality, which will play important roles in promoting the diversity of pork quality and meeting market demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Camera traps play an important role in biodiversity monitoring. An increasing number of studies have been conducted to automatically recognize wildlife in camera trap images through deep learning. However, wildlife recognition by camera trap images alone is often limited by the size and quality of the dataset. To address the above issues, we propose the Temporal-SE-ResNet50 network, which aims to improve wildlife recognition accuracy by exploiting the temporal information attached to camera trap images. First, we constructed the SE-ResNet50 network to extract image features. Second, we obtained temporal metadata from camera trap images, and after cyclical encoding, we used a residual multilayer perceptron (MLP) network to obtain temporal features. Finally, the image features and temporal features were fused in wildlife identification by a dynamic MLP module. The experimental results on the Camdeboo dataset show that the accuracy of wildlife recognition after fusing the image and temporal information is about 93.10%, which is an improvement of 0.53%, 0.94%, 1.35%, 2.93%, and 5.98%, respectively, compared with the ResNet50, VGG19, ShuffleNetV2-2.0x, MobileNetV3-L, and ConvNeXt-B models. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method on different national park camera trap datasets. Our method provides a new idea for fusing animal domain knowledge to further improve the accuracy of wildlife recognition, which can better serve wildlife conservation and ecological research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let be a nontrivial nest on a separable Hilbert space and be the associated nest algebra. In this note, we prove that, if contains an atom of infinite rank or is uncountable, then the unit operator I is a Lie all-derivable point of. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GaInAsSb has an important application value in the field of infrared photoelectricity. In this paper, the optical properties of Ga 0. 8 4 In 0. 1 6 As 0. 1 4 Sb 0. 8 6 nanopillar arrays with different shapes are studied by using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The simulation results show that the peaks of all structures occur at 950 nm to 1100 nm bands and peak up to 97%. Among them, the period and height of the nanopillars and the inclination angle of the incident light will significantly affect the size of the absorption peak of the nanopillars, but not the peak position. However, with the increase of the diameter, the absorption peak of the nanoparticles showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the peak position of the absorption peak showed a significant redshift. In addition, for the triangular prism structure, its absorption rate in the array structure with high duty cycle is higher than 90%, which provides an important reference for the preparation of high-density integrated infrared optical detector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical looping water splitting is a promising technology that couples carbonaceous fuel oxidation to produce H 2 with inherent CO 2 separation. Redox catalyst with long-term performance is the key issue but is hampered in traditional Fe 2 O 3 -based approaches due to Fe sintering. This study reports a one-step sol-gel synthetic method to construct Fe 2 O 3 @Hetero-oxide redox catalysts with core-shell structure, leading to outstanding anti-sintering property in TGA analysis (>250 cycles, 5000 min). Fixed-bed reactor tests showed that hydrogen yield approached theoretical value (16.7 mmol/g-Fe 2 O 3), with ∼100 % H 2 purity. This result is significantly better than dispersing a mixed ionic-electronic conductor (MIEC) in Fe 2 O 3 matrix using high energy ball milling. Although the latter can enhance the durability due to facilitated O2− and electron transportation, Fe sintering and redox catalysts deactivation is inevitable. This study offers a generalized structure design and synthetic approach for anti-sintering redox catalysts within chemical looping concepts. [Display omitted] • Chemical looping water splitting was studied using TGA and a fixed-bed reactor. • Fe 2 O 3 @Hetero-oxide demonstrated exceptional anti-sintering across 250 cycles. • Fe 2 O 3 @Hetero-oxide reached production of nearly 100 % pure H 2 with theoretical yield. • The Hetero-oxide shell effectively prevented the accumulation of Fe cations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]