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21. Carbon-Based Nanomaterials for Oxygen Evolution Reaction

Author

Liu, Mengli, Xu, Siran, Lu, Bang-An, Hull, Robert, Series Editor, Jagadish, Chennupati, Series Editor, Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki, Series Editor, Kruzic, Jamie, Series Editor, Osgood jr., Richard, Series Editor, Parisi, Jürgen, Series Editor, Pohl, Udo W., Series Editor, Seong, Tae-Yeon, Series Editor, Uchida, Shin-ichi, Series Editor, Wang, Zhiming M., Series Editor, and Zhang, Jia-Nan, editor

Published
2022
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45. Multi‐Dentate Phosphine Ligand Derived from Cyclotetrasiloxane and Its Application in Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Alkenes.

Author

Liu, Mengli, Xue, Fei, Xu, Chuanzhi, Wang, Fang, Zeng, Bo, Li, Zhen, and Xia, Chungu

Subjects
DOUBLE bonds, LIGANDS (Chemistry), THERMAL stability, RADICALS (Chemistry), PHOSPHINE, CARBONYLATION, SILOXANES
Abstract

The development of phosphine ligands continues to be essential for palladium‐catalyzed homogeneous carbonylation reactions, particularly in achieving high regioselectivity. In this study, a cyclosiloxane‐based multi‐dentate phosphine ligand, L1 (V4‐4Ph2P), characterized by its high thermal stability and oxidation resistance, was synthesized through the radical addition of secondary phosphines to the double bonds of tetravinyltetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane. L1 was then used in the Pd‐catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of a variety of olefins, including terminal and internal alkenes, cyclic alkenes, aromatic terminal alkenes as well as tetra‐, tri‐ and 1,1‐disubstituted alkenes to afford the desired esters with moderate to good yields. As elucidated via DFT calculations and in situ IR spectroscopy, the optimum spatial chelation modes and high stability of Pd−H active species were responsible for the enhancement of catalytic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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46. Exonic Deletions and Deep Intronic Variants of the SLC26A4 Gene Contribute to the Genetic Diagnosis of Unsolved Patients With Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct.

Author

Tian, Yongan, Liu, Mengli, Lu, Yu, Zhao, Xiaoyan, Yan, Zhiqiang, Sun, Yi, Ma, Jingyuan, Tang, Wenxue, Wang, Haili, Xu, Hongen, and Chen, Jian-Min

Abstract

Enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) is a frequently occurring inner ear malformation that associates with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), with SLC26A4 being the responsible gene. Based on multiplex PCR enrichment and sequencing of the exonic and flanking regions of the SLC26A4 gene, we developed a panel specifically for EVA and found that up to 95% of EVA patients in our Chinese cohorts carried biallelic SLC26A4 pathogenic variants (M2). In this study, we tried to investigate the genetic etiology of 13 previously undiagnosed EVA patients with monoallelic (M1) or none (M0) SLC26A4 variant using a stepwise approach, including copy number variation (CNV) analysis of multiplex PCR enrichment and next‐generation sequencing data, single‐molecule real‐time (SMRT) sequencing of the whole SLC26A4 gene, whole exome sequencing (WES), and whole genome sequencing (WGS). CNV analysis revealed deletions in Exons 1–3, Exons 5–6, and Exons 9–10 of the SLC26A4 gene in seven patients, and SMRT sequencing identified the same heterozygous deep intronic variant (NM_000441.2:c.304+941C>T) in two patients, resulting in a final diagnosis in 9/13 patients. Notably, the variants of Exons 9–10 deletion and c.304+941C>T have not been reported previously. We further showed that the variant c.304+941C>T led to the exonization of partial AluSz6 element (126 bp) where the variant is located through sequencing of the mRNA extracted from the blood of a heterozygous variant carrier. In conclusion, our stepwise approach improved the diagnosis rate of EVA, expanded the mutational spectrum of the SLC26A4 gene, and highlighted the contribution of exonic deletions and deep intronic variants to EVA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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47. Energy transfer from internal solitary waves to turbulence via high-frequency internal waves: seismic observations in the northern South China Sea.

Author

Meng, Linghan, Song, Haibin, Guan, Yongxian, Yang, Shun, Zhang, Kun, and Liu, Mengli

Subjects
SEISMIC waves, WATER waves, RICHARDSON number, ENERGY dissipation, REMOTE sensing, INTERNAL waves
Abstract

The shoaling and breaking of internal waves (IWs) are critical processes in the ocean's energy cascade and mixing. Using seismic data, we observed high-frequency internal waves (HIWs), which were primarily distributed in the depth range of 79–184 m. Their amplitude scale is O (10 m), with half-height widths ranging from 154 to 240 m. The shoaling thermocline and gentle slope with a low internal Iribarren number suggest that observed high-frequency internal waves are likely a result of fission. The remote sensing data support this point. Instability estimations showed that, due to the strong vertical shear, the Richardson number (Ri) in the range of 20–30 km was less than 0.25, and Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) billows can be found in the seismic transect, suggesting that these waves were unstable and might dissipate rapidly. We used the seismic data to estimate diapycnal mixing, and we found that the HIWs can enhance diapycnal mixing, averaging 10-4 m2s-1. The maximum mixing value is up to 10-3 m2s-1 , and it is associated with the breaking of IWs caused by the strong shear. The results show a new energy cascade route from shoaling internal solitary waves (ISWs) to turbulence, i.e., the fission of ISWs into HIWs, which improves our knowledge of ISW energy dissipation and their roles in improved mixing in the northern South China Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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