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A comparative study on the repeater insertion designs in horizontal and vertical graphene nanoribbon (GNR) interconnects is presented. The optimal numbers and sizes of repeaters are calculated by using the particle swarm optimization algorithm, and then the results are employed to train back‐propagation neural networks. By virtue of the trained neural networks, the optimal repeater designs can be quickly conducted for the GNR interconnects. The proposed optimal repeater design approach is more flexible and more adaptive than conventional analytical methods. By utilizing the proposed approach, it is found that the vertical GNR interconnects need less repeaters yet result in better performance than their horizontal counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mina53 is a direct novel target protein of Myc. The present study investigated the expression of mina53 and c-myc in gastric carcinoma and the relationship between Mina53 expression and clinicopathological features. The expression levels of mina53 and c-myc mRNA and protein in gastric cancers and the adjacent normal tissues from 12 patients were assessed by laser-capture microdissection (LCM) combined with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to evaluate the expression of the Mina53 protein in normal gastric tissues (n=30), chronic atrophic gastritis without intestinal metaplasia (n=44), intestinal metaplasia (n=34), gastric dysplasia (n=36), intestinal-type gastric carcinoma (IGC) (n=30) and diffuse-type gastric carcinoma (DGC) (n=34). The correlation between expression of mina53 and patient survival time was also investigated. The expression levels of mina53 and c-myc mRNA in the gastric carcinomas were found to be higher when compared to these levels in the adjacent normal tissues. In addition, the expression levels of Mina53 and c-Myc protein in gastric carcinomas were higher when compared with levels in the adjacent normal epithelium. mina53 expression was significantly increased during gastric carcinogenesis and was correlated with different clinicopathological factors in IGC and DGC. The prognosis of patients with low expression of Mina53 was more favorable when compared to the prognosis of patients with high expression of Mina53. mina53 expression was gradually elevated during gastric carcinogenesis, and the overexpression of mina53 was correlated with different clinicopathological features between DGC and IGC cases. Furthermore, the prognosis of gastric carcinoma patients was significantly correlated with the expression of Mina53.