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[Objective] Gabion is widely used in slope stabilization, revetment engineering, subgrade reinforcement, and other applications. However, its use in tunnel lining remains underexplored. Owing to its unique multiporosity, which provides excellent deformation capacity and notable bearing strength, gabion shows promising potential for managing the notable deformations and high ground stresses encountered in tunnel surrounding rock. Therefore, studying the static mechanical behavior of tunnel lining components made with gabion is of practical importance. [Methods] This paper presents a simplified molding technique for gabion components and a custom-designed test loading apparatus. Additionally, a numerical modeling methodology specifically tailored for gabion components in tunnel lining is introduced based on discrete element calculations. Next, a comparative analysis is conducted to examine the influence of two key parameters--the strength of the gabion mesh and the effective modulus of the stone filling--on the variation in static mechanical characteristics of tunnel lining components constructed with gabion. This study provides valuable insights into the performance of gabion-based tunnel linings. [Results] 1) The failure of the gabion component in tunnel lining mainly occurs through instability, with only minor cases of wire breakage and stone-filling fracture. Throughout the loading process, the load-displacement curve of the component exhibits notable fluctuations driven by the ongoing interaction between the internal stone filling and the gabion mesh. The overall load-displacement curve increases and then decreases. Despite considerable deformation, the component maintains a high bearing capacity at the end of loading. 2) The tensile strength of the gabion mesh has little effect on the deformation modulus during the initial deformation stage under static load but has more impact on the peak load. The higher the tensile strength of the gabion mesh, the greater the displacement and peak strength at peak load. Under varying tensile strength conditions, the differences in peak load displacement and peak strength reached 28.9% and 25.2%, respectively, because when the tensile strength of the gabion mesh is higher, the component is more resistant to failure, allowing a more effective interaction between the stone filling and the gabion mesh. 3) Compared with the tensile strength of the gabion mesh, the effective modulus of stone filling has a pronounced impact on the component performance. As the effective modulus of the stone filling increases, the postpeak decline in the load-displacement curve becomes more prominent. During the loading process, the energy consumption of the component, peak loading strength, and effective modulus of the stone filling exhibit a distinct piecewise relationship, characterized by an initial increase followed by stabilization. [Conclusions] This experiment provides clear guidance for students conducting static loading mechanical model tests on gabion-constructed tunnel lining components, enhancing the effectiveness of experimental teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiated tumor cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (RT‐EVs) encapsulate abundant DNA fragments from irradiated tumor cells, in addition to acting as integrators of multiple tumor antigens. Accumulating evidence indicates these DNA fragments from damaged cells are involved in downstream immune responses, but most of them are degraded in cells before incorporation into derived RT‐EVs, thus the low abundance of DNA fragments limits immune responses of RT‐EVs. Here, this study found that different radiations affected fates of DNA fragments in RT‐EVs. Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) induced DNA accumulation in RT‐EVs (BEVs) by causing more DNA breaks and DNA oxidation resisting nuclease degradation. This is attributed to the high‐linear energy transfer (LET) properties of alpha particles from the neutron capture reaction of 10B. When being internalized by dendritic cells (DCs), BEVs activated the DNA sensing pathway, resulting in functional enhancements including antigen presentation, migration capacity, and cytokine secretion. After vaccination of the BEVs‐educated DCs (BEV@BMDCs), the effector T cells significantly expanded and infiltrated into tumors, suggesting robust anti‐tumor immune activation. BEV@BMDCs not only effectively inhibited the primary tumor growth and metastasis formation but also elicited long‐term immune memory. In conclusion, a successful DC vaccine is provided as a promising candidate for tumor vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of the complete Li-ion battery charge curve provides access to a multitude of critical battery states, which are indispensable for evaluating the safety and dependability of battery-powered devices. Nonetheless, the diminishing health of batteries, coupled with the challenges associated with data collection from battery management systems, presents a substantial hurdle in obtaining complete charging curves. In this study, we introduce an innovative neural network architecture, demands only a segment of the charging curve as input in order to prognosticate the complete constant-current charging curve. Further, this model can be enhanced by optional external data, (e.g., ambient temperature, total battery charge), along with composite inputs, (e.g., battery temperature–voltage–capacity sequence), thereby augmenting its operational performance. This method undergoes rigorous validation across three diverse battery datasets encompassing various data inputs, charging profiles, and temperatures. These assessments reveal an exceptional level of accuracy, with an average error rate falling below 9.35 mAh for 1.1 Ah batteries in the absence of external information, and dipping below 7.37 mAh for 1.1 Ah batteries when incorporating external data. The promising outcomes derived from these validations unequivocally affirm the effectiveness of our proposed model in accurately estimating battery charge curve predictions. • Model forecasts full charging curve from a segment efficiently. • Merges external info with curve data, enriching predictions. • Novel structure and mechanisms enhance accuracy and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heterogeneity of thrombi in terms of composition, structure, and blood rheology parameters presents a challenge for effective thrombus-targeting drug delivery. To address this, a self-adaptive nano-delivery system, termed D-PLT, is developed. It consists of platelet membrane-cloaked deformable mesoporous organic silicon dioxide nanocomposite, enabling it to respond to the challenge of the heterogeneity of thrombi in arteries and veins. The system exhibits progressive targeting, with the ability to target arterial and venous thrombosis and damaged blood vessels. D-PLT physically matches the pore structure of the thrombus by undergoing varied deformation, leading to advanced targeting and enrichment of arterial and venous thrombus. When co-loaded with the thrombolytic drug urokinase (UK) and the endothelium-protecting agent atorvastatin calcium (AT), the system improves rapid vascular opening of arterial and venous thrombosis in 90 min and provides up to 7 days of durable thrombolysis and recovery from endothelial dysfunction in vivo. This self-adaptive delivery system offers a promising strategy to overcome thrombus heterogeneity., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Background: Clinical protocols in osteoporosis treatment could not meet the requirement of increasing local bone mineral density. A local delivery system was brought in to fix this dilemma. The high-energy extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) can travel into the deep tissues with little heat loss. Hence, ESW-driven nanoparticles could be used for local treatment of osteoporosis., Materials and Methods: An ESW-actuated nanomotor (NM) sealed into microneedles (MNs) (ESW-NM-MN) was constructed for localized osteoporosis protection. The NM was made of calcium phosphate nanoparticles with a high Young's modulus, which allows it to absorb ESW energy efficiently and convert it into kinetic energy for solid tissue penetration. Zoledronic (ZOL), as an alternative phosphorus source, forms the backbone of the NM (ZOL-NM), leading to bone targeting and ESW-mediated drug release., Results: After the ZOL-NM is sealed into hyaluronic acid (HA)-made microneedles, the soluble MN tips could break through the stratum corneum, injecting the ZOL-NM into the skin. As soon as the ESW was applied, the ZOL-NM would absorb the ESW energy to move from the outer layer of skin into the deep tissue and be fragmented to release ZOL and Ca 2+ for anti-osteoclastogenesis and pro-osteogenesis. In vivo , the ZOL-NM increases localized bone parameters and reduces fracture risk, indicating its potential value in osteoporotic healing and other biomedical fields., Conclusion: The ESW-mediated transdermal delivery platform (ESW-NM-MN) could be used as a new strategy to improve local bone mineral density and protect local prone-fracture areas., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)