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Taking 141 listed renewable energy enterprises in China as a sample, the Richardson model is adopted to measure their investment efficiency in this paper. On this basis, an intermediary effect model of panel data is constructed to empirically analyze the intermediary effect of green financial development on renewable energy investment efficiency through bank loans, short-term loans, and long-term loans. We find that China's green financial development has a negative impact on bank loan issuance in general, and inhibits the improvement of renewable energy investment efficiency to a certain extent, with an effect degree of 0.0017. Besides, the short-term loan has few intermediate effect on investment efficiency, while there is no intermediary effect of long-term loans. Moreover, as for the over-investment renewable energy enterprises, intermediary effect of bank loans exists. Green financial development can inhibit over-investment in renewable energy by reducing bank credit issuance; for renewable energy companies of under-investment, on the contrary, it aggravates the under-investment to a certain extent. This paper suggests that the government should both construct and consummate the green financial system through policies and regulation. Financial institutions should actively produce innovative green financial products and support the development of renewable energy enterprises and the renewable energy enterprises should strengthen their internal management and develop financing channels. • This paper measures the green financial development index from 2011 to 2016. • A Richardson model is adopted to measure renewable energy investment efficiency. • Green financial development can inhibit over-investment in renewable energy by reducing bank credit issuance. • For renewable energy enterprises that are underinvesting, green financial development cannot alleviate under-investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the idea of green coordinated development and green co-evolution, the system of green co-evolution composed of government, financial institutions, enterprises, and the public is constructed, using Functional Data Analysis combined with CRITIC weighting, Dagum Gini coefficient and Kernel density estimation to measure the green co-evolution level (GCEL) and the regional disparity based on data of 31 provinces and 992 enterprises from 2010 to 2021, it finds: (1) At the turning point of 2015, the GCEL has been from declining to rising, and the poor performance of enterprises and the public is main factors. (2) The GCEL of regions shows a distinct non-balanced development trend, with the middle- and low-level provinces accounting for the largest proportion. Moreover, the rising of Gini coefficient means that provincial synergy is weaker. (3) Since 2012, the disparity between eight comprehensive economic zones has increased, mainly due to the polarization of the performance of the main players, such as the rising gap in the allocation of government and financial resources. Regional differences have always been dominant, with the largest disparity between Northwest China and the three coastal economic zones. (4) The total distribution tends to converge to lower level, but has no significant convergence. From the perspective of green co-evolution, this paper measures the green co-evolution level, temporal and spatial evolution, and regional disparities, providing a reference for promoting regional green coordination and sustainable development. • A system of green co-evolution composed of government, financial institutions, enterprises, and the public was constructed. • Using Functional Data Analysis combined with CRITIC weighting, the dynamic green co-evolution level (GCEL) was captured. • The overall GCEL shift from decline to rise is mainly due to the poor performance of enterprises and the public. • Due to the widening gap in government and financial resource, regional disparites have intensified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the data of 52 traditional energy enterprises and 116 renewable energy enterprises of China from 2007Q1 to 2017Q4, this paper investigates the differential impact of economic policy uncertainty on different types of energy enterprises' investment using a panel regression model. The paper further analyzes the regulatory effect of enterprises' characteristics, such as growth opportunities, financing constraints, external demand, and ownership concentration, on the relationship between economic policy uncertainty and investment. It concludes that first, economic policy uncertainty significantly inhibits traditional energy enterprises' investment, with a coefficient of 0.0042, whereas the effect is not significant for renewable energy enterprises. Second, economic policy uncertainty inhibits the investment of coal and petroleum enterprises, with coefficients of 0.0046 and 0.0054 respectively. Whereas it significantly promotes the investment of solar energy, geothermal energy and other renewable energy enterprises, with effect degree of 0.0032, 0.0033 and 0.0031, respectively. Third, growth opportunities can offset the inhibitory effect of economic policy uncertainty on investment. Besides, with the strengthening of financing constraints, economic policy uncertainty increases traditional energy enterprises' investment, though the effect is not significant for renewable energy enterprises. Moreover, the regulatory effect of external demand is not significant for both traditional and renewable energy enterprises. Further, the ownership concentration can strengthen the inhibitory effect of economic policy uncertainty on renewable energy enterprises' investment, but it is not significant for the traditional energy enterprises. Fourth, the regulatory effect of enterprise type is significantly different for coal and petroleum enterprises. Image 1 • We investigate the impact of economic policy uncertainty on investment of different energy enterprises. • Economic policy uncertainty significantly inhibits traditional energy enterprises' investment, but promotes the investment of renewable energy enterprises. • Growth opportunities can offset the inhibitory effect of economic policy uncertainty on investment. • With the strengthening of financing constraints, economic policy uncertainty increases traditional energy enterprises' investment. • The ownership concentration can strengthen the inhibitory effect of economic policy uncertainty on renewable energy enterprises' investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), can be absorbed on the particles of indoor dust, which may pose potential health risks. In this study, indoor dust samples were collected and sieved into 6 size fractions (i.e., <43 μm, 43–63 μm, 63–100 μm, 100–150 μm, 150–200 μm, and 200–2000 μm). Ingestion bioaccessibility of PAHs was measured by physiologically based extraction test. Bioaccessibility in fractions of 200–2000 μm was generally higher than those in other particle sizes. Daily uptake doses based on benzo(a)pyrene toxic equivalency quantity were 1.09–15.0 ng/d/kg, and peaked at fractions of <43 μm, while doses considering bioaccessibility ranged from 0.02 to 0.21 ng/d/kg, and peaked at fractions with relatively larger particle size. Cell toxicity was also investigated by human normal liver cell line viability through exposure to organic extracts of indoor dust fractions with various particle sizes. Our results indicated that it is crucial to consider dust particle size and bioaccessibility during risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) have been widely used and frequently detected in various environmental matrices. In this study, 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB), bis-(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) and their metabolites (namely 2,3,4,5-tetra-bromo benzoic acid (TBBA) and mono(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBMEHP)) were exposed to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Metabolites can induce stronger cytotoxicity than parent compounds with EC50 at 47.3 (TBBA), 8.6 μg/ml (TBMEHP) vs > 200 μg/mL for parent compounds. Gene expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, the gene associated with blood platelet kinetics, was significantly induced under TBBA and TBMEHP exposure. The in vivo test was consistent with gene expression result that the number of platelets in mouse blood was significantly increased after gavaged with 0.8 μg/mL TBBA and TBMEHP. In addition, TBB or TBPH were exposed to mice via gavage, and higher concentrations of TBBA (4 h, 60.8 ± 12.9 ng/mL, 8 h, 69.4 ± 2.24 ng/mL) in mouse blood were found than those of TBMEHP (4 h, 17.2 ± 4.01 ng/mL, 8 h, 12.8 ± 3.20 ng/mL), indicating that TBB was more readily in vivo metabolized than TBPH. The in vivo metabolism of TBB and TBPH and the stronger toxicity of their metabolites underscore the potential risk through NBFR exposure and the importance of understanding NBFR metabolism process. Image 1 • TBBA and TBMEHP induced stronger cytotoxicity in HUVECs than parent compounds (TBB and TBHP). • TBBA and TBMEHP significantly induced PECAM-1 expression, and increased the number of platelets in mouse blood. • TBB was more readily in vivo metabolized than TBPH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Molecular and Supramolecular Constructions of Lipopeptide-Based Nanotoxins. • Excellent Hole-Punching Activity on Chemo-Resistant Tumor Membranes. • Nanotoxins-Induced Multimodal Death of Tumor Cells: Apoptosis, Necrosis and Autophagy. • Efficient and Versatile Antitumor Activity of Nanotoxins against Drug-Resistant Tumors. • Mechanisms and Crosstalk of Nanotoxins-Induced Multimodal Death. Discovering bioactive and efficient new agents for broad-spectrum multidrug resistance reversal is a worldwide challenge in the biomedical field. Herein, bioactive nanomaterials assembled from specially-designed lipopeptides are developed as a novel type of hole-punching nanotoxins to trigger multimodal tumor death for multidrug resistance reversal in vitro and in vivo. The dendritic arginine-rich peptides as hydrophilic parts could incorporate with multivalent scaffolds and multiple-interaction residues to boost membrane-binding intensity, and cholesterol as hydrophobic blocks are hopeful to improve and ameliorate membrane-targeting/inserting ability against drug-resistant tumor membranes. The amphiphilic lipopeptides are designed to drive supramolecular self-assembly into nanostructures for improving hole-punching potential and stability. As envisaged, these lipopeptide-based nanotoxins could maintain high stability, obtain strong hole-punching activity and trigger multimodal tumor death with 80.3% TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells, 97.8% PARP-positive necrotic cells and 71.0% LC3-positive autophagic cells for multidrug resistance reversal in vivo. This work opens a new opportunity to develop new-style toxins for antitumor treatment, and the lipopeptide-based nanotoxins are expected to be a candidate agent for dealing with multidrug resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]