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Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of high-resolution magnetic resonance-vessel wall imaging (HRMR-VWI) in differentiating moyamoya disease (MMD) from atherosclerosis-associated moyamoya vasculopathy (AS-MMV) and investigate an accurate approach for the differential diagnosis. Methods: Adult patients who were diagnosed as MMD or AS-MMV and underwent HRMR-VWI were retrospectively included. The three vessel wall features (outer diameter (OD), remodeling index (RI), and pattern of vessel wall thickening) of middle cerebral artery (MCA) in identifying MMD from AS-MMV were assessed and compared. Furthermore, subgroup analysis stratified by degree of luminal stenosis was performed and the cutoff values of different vessel wall features in differentiating MMD from AS-MMV were also calculated. Results: A total of 265 patients (160 cases of MMD and 105 AS-MMV) were included. Patients with AS-MMV had greater OD and RI and were more likely to exhibit eccentric thickening of vessel wall compared to those with MMD (all p < 0.001). The ROC analysis showed that the AUC value of OD was greater than that of RI (0.912 vs. 0.889, p = 0.007) in differentiating MMD from AS-MMV, and their corresponding cutoff values were 1.77 mm and 0.27, respectively. And the AUC value of pattern of vessel wall thickening was 0.786 in non-occluded patients. With the increase of lumen stenosis, the discrimination power of the three indicators enhanced correspondingly. Conclusions: HRMR-VWI is valuable in distinguishing MMD from AS-MMV. The OD of MCA has better diagnostic performance in differentiating AS-MMV from MMD compared to RI and pattern of vessel wall thickening. Clinical relevance statement: The outer diameter of the involved artery proved to be both accurate and convenient in distinguishing atherosclerosis-associated moyamoya vasculopathy from moyamoya disease and may provide a quantitative reference for clinical diagnosis. Key Points: High-resolution magnetic resonance-vessel wall imaging is valuable in distinguishing atherosclerosis-associated moyamoya vasculopathy from moyamoya disease. Compared to remodeling index and pattern of vessel wall thickening, outer diameter is more accurate in differentiating atherosclerosis-associated moyamoya vasculopathy from moyamoya disease. With the increase of lumen stenosis, the discrimination power of outer diameter, remodeling index, and pattern of vessel wall thickening enhanced correspondingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of new technologies for rapid and high-throughput bacterial detection, ATP-based bioluminescence technology is making progress. Because live bacteria contain ATP, the number of bacteria is correlated with the level of ATP under certain conditions, so that the method of luciferase catalyzing the fluorescence reaction of luciferin with ATP is widely used for the detection of bacteria. This method is easy to operate, has a short detection cycle, does not require much human resources, and is suitable for long-term continuous monitoring. Currently, other methods are being explored in combination with bioluminescence for more accurate, portable and efficient detection. This paper introduces the principle, development and application of bacterial bioluminescence detection based on ATP and compares the combination of bioluminescence and other bacterial detection methods in recent years. In addition, this paper also examines the development prospects and direction of bioluminescence in bacterial detection, hoping to provide a new idea for the application of ATP-based bioluminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The photothermal conversion function and peroxide-like activity of CuS NPs were used to construct a temperature and colorimetric dual-signal sensor. • The linear detection range of the system was 10–106 CFU/mL and the detection limit was 1.15 CFU/mL. • The photothermal conversion efficiency of magnetic probe combined with CuS probe can reach 62.84%. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common foodborne pathogenic organism, and rapid detection with high sensitivity and targeted killing are essential for controlling its spread. Therefore, a sandwich structure of magnetic bead-target bacteria-copper sulfide was constructed in this paper. The photothermal conversion function and peroxidase (POD) activity of CuS NPs were utilized to establish a dual sensing platform for temperature and color rendering, that is, after capturing target bacteria, light was converted to heat signal by infrared irradiation. Moreover, the specific detection of S. aureus was realized by detecting the temperature change of the complex and the oxidation of TMB by nano-enzymes of residual CuS in the supernatant to form oxTMB blue product, which formed the change of UV (ultraviolet) − Visible spectroscopy. Based on the high specificity binding and strong signal amplification of the method, the linear range of the photothermal specific probe combined with MBs- S. aureus -CuS was 10–106 CFU/mL, and the detection limit was 1.407 CFU/mL. The linear range of the color specific probe was 10–106 CFU/mL, R2 = 0.9853, and the detection limit was 1.15 CFU/mL. The photothermal efficiency of MBs- S. aureus -CuS system can reach 62.84 %, which has excellent photothermal conversion effect, and the temperature rises to about 70 °C within 7 min, which can directly kill bacteria in the detection. In addition, the portable infrared thermal imager is applied to realize the real-time field detection of S. aureus. The study was significant, because exploratory experiments were conducted to conceive a proof-of-concept based on multiple bacterial sensors that could easily be adapted to a variety of fields where bacteria pose a threat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a method for prepasing high-performance magnetic absorbers based on magnetron sputtering coating technology was presented. A layer of soluble organic polymer thin film was pre-coated on the substrate, and then a magnetic thin film following an ultrathin SiO2 coaitng was sputtered and ultrasonically crushed in a solvent to obtain a flaky absorbents. The laky absorbents had a high magnetic permeability due to its large aspect ratio of about 80, and the insulative SiO2 layer on the magnetic film signiticanfly reduced the permittivity and improved the impedance match. When the absorbent volume fraction was only 10% and the thickness was 1.6 mm, the bandwidths of reflection loss (RL) < -5 dB and < -10 dB reached 7.8 GHz (4.2 GHz ~12 GHz) and 7GHz (10 GHz ~ 17 GHz) to achieve wide-band electromagnetic wave absorption. This shows that the proposed process could be used to prepare high magnetic permeability flaky absorbents and had great potential in preparation of lightweight and effiicient microwave absorbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the giant large-scale integrated circuits manufacturing process, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) for Cu interconnection can lead to chemical corrosion on Cu surface if inhibitors are not added to the CMP slurry. This paper concentrated on the synergistic effect of benzotriazole (BTA) and pyrazole (PZ). Electrochemical tests and UV–Vis spectra showed that they were effective inhibitors. The adsorption mechanism was investigated by fitting the adsorption isotherm and using quantum chemical calculations. Finally, the synergistic effect of BTA and PZ was studied by electrochemical experiments and corrosion characterization. The outcomes demonstrated that the surface quality and inhibition effect of composite inhibitor (BTA/PZ) were better than that of single inhibitor. This result could be the consequence of changes in the density and structure of the passive film composed of Cu and inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the local buckling behaviour of high-strength steel (HSS) welded I-section stub columns under axial compression is investigated using finite element method, which is verified against previous experimental results. Finite element analysis is carried out to investigate the influences of the width-to-thickness ratios of plates, slenderness, and steel grade on local buckling load and ultimate load of HSS welded I-section stub columns under axial compression. The results show the width-to-thickness ratios of plates have significant influences on the stress ratios σ cr / f y and σ u / f y . The stress ratio σ cr / f y decreases as the slenderness and steel grade increase. The influences of steel grade and the slenderness on the stress ratio σ u / f y of stub columns are not obvious. Current guidance for predicting the local buckling load and ultimate load of HSS welded I-section columns is evaluated. The results show that Eurocode 3, ANSI/AISC 360-16 and GB 50017-2017 are slightly overestimated for predicting the local buckling load and ultimate load of HSS welded I-section columns. More accurate empirical models for estimating the local buckling load and ultimate load of HSS welded I-section columns are suggested. The reliability analysis of Eurocode 3, Shi et al.'s model, and the proposed models is performed according to EN 1990. • The influence of the width-to-thickness ratio of plates on the local buckling stress is significant. • Eurocode 3, ANSI/AISC 360-16 and GB 50017-2017 are slightly overestimated for the local buckling load and ultimate load. • More accurate empirical models for the local buckling load and the ultimate load are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• An overview on leaching and bioleaching behaviors of bornite is given. • The intermediate products of bornite during dissolution are systematically discussed. • Studies on co-leaching of bornite and other sulfide minerals are summarized. • Possible inhibitory substances of hindering bornite (bio)leaching are discussed. (Bio)Hydrometallurgy is a common technology in processing copper sulfide minerals. With the decline in ore grades and depletion of easily mined deposits, some complex ores with relatively small reserves need to be taken seriously. Bornite is one of the most important copper resources (following chalcopyrite and chalcocite) and the commonly associates in copper mines. However, less attention has been paid to bornite compared to chalcopyrite, and there are hardly any review papers on bornite (bio)leaching. The main purpose of this paper is to summarize the research on bornite (bio)hydrometallurgy. Leaching and bioleaching behavior of bornite are summarized, including co-leach with other sulfide minerals. The intermediate products and possible surface substances during bornite dissolution are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies have shown that exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) affects various cells, systems, and organs in vivo and in vitro. PM2.5 adversely affects human health through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, autophagy, ferroptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Phytochemicals are of interest for their broad range of physiological activities and few side effects, and, in recent years, they have been widely used to mitigate the adverse effects caused by PM2.5 exposure. In this review, the roles of various phytochemicals are summarized, including those of polyphenols, carotenoids, organic sulfur compounds, and saponin compounds, in mitigating PM2.5-induced adverse reactions through different molecular mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and ferroptosis, and regulation of autophagy. These are useful as a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of disease caused by PM2.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to previous studies on bornite leaching, we found that the acidic ferric sulfate leaching was more efficient than the bioleaching in the early stage. This paper investigated the leaching of bornite by pretreatment with acidic ferric sulfate leaching for different times following bioleaching. The bioleaching culture consisted of Leptospirillum ferriphilum and Acidithiobacillus caldus. The leaching results showed that adding bacteria after acidic ferric sulfate leaching for 2 h enabled to extract 89% of copper during a period of 6 days. In contrast, a lower extraction efficiency was achieved with acidic ferric sulfate leaching (34%) and bioleaching (27%) alone. After pretreatment, more Fe2+ was produced in the solution, which enabled the bacteria to maintain higher oxidation activity and thus promoted the dissolution of bornite. Phase and surface species analysis of leaching residues revealed that almost all copper in bornite was dissolved under these conditions, and a large amount of jarosite and elemental sulfur were formed. Jarosite occurred as a passivation layer. The model of promoting the bioleaching of bornite by acidic ferric sulfate leaching pretreatment. Unlabelled Image • 89% copper extraction was obtained by combined leaching within 6 days. • No obvious passivation occurred in combined leaching. • Almost all the copper of bornite was dissolved into the solution. • The mechanism of combined leaching was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the risk factors for preoperative massive cerebral infarction (MCI) in pediatric patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). Pediatric patients with MMD treated between 2017 and 2022 were enrolled. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for MCI among the patients, and a nomogram was constructed to identify potential predictors of MCI. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and areas under the curves were calculated to determine the effects of different risk factors. This study included 308 pediatric patients with MMD, including 36 with MCI. The MCI group exhibited an earlier age of onset than the non-MCI group. Significant intergroup differences were observed in familial MMD history, postcirculation involvement, duration from diagnosis to initiation of treatment, Suzuki stage, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) score, collateral circulation score, and RNF213 p.R4810K variations. Family history, higher MRA score, lower collateral circulation score, and RNF213 p.R4810K variations were substantial risk factors for MCI in pediatric patients with MMD. The nomogram demonstrated excellent discrimination and calibration capabilities. The integrated ROC model, which included all the abovementioned four variables, showed superior diagnostic precision with a sensitivity of 67.86%, specificity of 87.01%, and accuracy of 85.11%. This study showed that family history, elevated MRA score, reduced collateral circulation score, and RNF213 p.R4810K variations are risk factors for MCI in pediatric patients with MMD. The synthesized model including these variables demonstrated superior predictive efficacy; thus, it can facilitate early identification of at-risk patients and timely initiation of appropriate interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The data collected by sensors in modern chemical process systems are always contaminated by industrial noise, so robust fault detection is an important technology to ensure process safety. However, the existing robust detection techniques have limitations in extracting dynamic and time series features of chemical process data. In this paper, a robust fault detection method based on dynamic low-rank matrix and optimized LSTM is proposed for dynamic chemical processes under noise background. First, a new low-rank matrix decomposition method, dynamic principal component pursuit (DPCP), is proposed for the dynamic characteristics of process data containing noise. The PCP is improved using the time delay excursion method, i.e., the DPCP is constructed by embedding an augmented dynamic matrix with a time lag factor on the PCP and solved using the alternating direction multiplier method. The purpose is to strip the useless noise from the useful detection information and extract the dynamic low-rank matrix. Second, an optimized LSTM (OPLSTM) is proposed for the time series features of dynamic low-rank matrix. vector factors for feature selection of memory cells in the LSTM are reweighted to balance the time series features of industrial processes and avoid heavy reliance on erroneous fault information. In addition, support vector data description (SVDD) is used to describe the hypersphere with clear boundary, and distance-based statistic is constructed to achieve fault detection with high fault detection rate and low false alarm rate. Finally, to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method, we performed extensive experiments on the Tennessee Eastman Process and the electrolytic aluminum process, and compared them with multiple methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and robust for chemical processes fault detection in the background of industrial noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For one-shot segmentation, prototype learning is extensively used. However, using only one RGB prototype to represent all information in the support image may lead to ambiguities. To this end, we propose a one-shot segmentation network based on multi-modal prototype learning that uses depth information to complement RGB information. Specifically, we propose a multi-modal fusion and refinement block (MFRB) and multi-modal prototype learning block (MPLB). MFRB fuses RGB and depth features to generate multi-modal features and refined depth features, which are used by MPLB, to generate multi-modal information prototypes, depth information prototypes, and global information prototypes. Furthermore, we introduce self-attention to capture global context information in RGB and depth images. By integrating self-attention, MFRB, and MPLB, we propose the multi-modal prototype learning network (MMPL-Net), which adapts to the ambiguity of visual information in the scene. Finally, we construct a one-shot RGB-D segmentation dataset called OSS-RGB-D-5 i . Experiments using OSS-RGB-D-5 i show that our proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art techniques with fewer labeled images and generalizes well to previously unseen objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the association between vessel wall enhancement and progression of arterial stenosis and clinical outcomes in patients with moyamoya (MMD) using high-resolution magnetic resonance (HRMR) vessel wall imaging. Methods: Consecutive participants diagnosed with MMD were prospectively recruited and underwent HRMR at baseline and during follow-up, which had an interval period of ≥ 6 months and were clinically followed up for ≤ 24 months to record the occurrence of ischemic stroke. The relationship between vessel wall enhancement and arterial stenosis progression and stroke occurrence was evaluated. Results: HRMR vessel wall imaging was used to identify 309 stenotic lesions at the internal carotid artery (ICA) in 170 participants (mean age: 37.7 ± 11.3 years old, male: 44.1%). The baseline presence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.57, 95% CI = 1.97–6.44, p < 0.001) and progression (aOR = 2.96, 95% CI = 1.29–6.80, p = 0.010) of vessel wall enhancement and middle cerebral artery (MCA) involvement (aOR = 4.98, 95% CI = 1.50–16.52, p = 0.009) were significantly associated with rapid progression of arterial stenosis. Furthermore, vessel wall enhancement (adjusted HR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.33–9.70, p = 0.011) and rapid progression of arterial stenosis (adjusted HR = 4.52, 95% CI = 1.48–13.81, p = 0.008) were correlated with future stroke occurrence. Conclusion: The baseline presence of vessel wall enhancement was associated with rapid progression of arterial stenosis and increased risk for stroke in MMD patients. Our findings suggest that vessel wall enhancement may serve as a predictor of disease progression and poor outcomes in MMD. Key Points: • The baseline presence of vessel wall enhancement was significantly associated with the rapid progression of arterial stenosis. • The baseline presence of vessel wall enhancement and rapid progression of arterial stenosis were both correlated with increased risk for future occurrence of stroke. • Our findings suggest that vessel wall enhancement may serve as a predictor of rapid progression of arterial stenosis and poor outcomes in MMD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shallow trench isolation (STI), as a key technology for device isolation, is commonly planarized with ceria slurry in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). Due to the ceria particles are easily agglomerated, the stability of ceria slurry is still a key issue at present. In order to obtain excellent polishing performance for dielectric, it is necessary to prepare the ceria slurry with stable dispersion. This paper is to propose a new dispersant based on acetic acid that can improve the stability of ceria slurry. By comparing the dispersibility of acetic acid with that of a formulated acetic acid-ammonium acetate buffer solution, the buffer solution was chosen as more effective dispersant. The addition of buffer solution was more beneficial for the stability of the slurry. After 7 days, the zeta potential of ceria decreased from 46.47 mV to 35.01 mV (decreased about 24.6%) with the addition of acetic acid, whereas it decreased from 51.22 mV to 42.19 mV (decreased about 17.6%) with the addition of buffer solution. Furthermore, during the CMP process, the removal rate of TEOS was improved (from 621.59 nm/min to 694.77 nm/min) along with surface roughness (Ra, from 0.37 nm to 0.07 nm). The mechanism was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–vis spectrometer (UV–Vis), and molecular dynamic simulation. The buffer solution increased the concentration of acetate ions in the slurry, which not only enhanced the adsorption between acetate ions and ceria but also promoted the generation of Ce3+ and oxygen vacancy. Furthermore, the free electrons of Ce3+ facilitated the breaking of the Si– O –Si bonds through electron transfer, increasing the removal rate of silicon dioxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Biogenic K-jarosite coatings were synthesized to inhibit pyrite oxidation. • Coated pyrite can resist both chemical and biological oxidation. • Biogenic K-jarosite coatings were stable even when pH < 3. • It is a promising method to prevent AMD production. This study proposes a novel method by forming biogenic K-jarosite coatings on pyrite surfaces driven by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A. ferrooxidans) to reduce heavy metal release and prevent acid mine drainage (AMD) production. Different thicknesses of K-jarosite coatings (0.7 to 1.1 μm) were able to form on pyrite surfaces in the presence of A. ferrooxidans , which positively correlated with the initial addition of Fe2+ and K+ concentrations. The inhibiting effect of K-jarosite coatings on pyrite oxidation was studied by electrochemical measurements, chemical oxidation tests, and bio-oxidation tests. The experimental results showed that the best passivation performance was achieved when 20 mM Fe2+ and 6.7 mM K+ were initially introduced with a bacterial concentration of 4 × 108 cells·mL−1, reducing chemical and biological oxidation by 70 % and 98 %, respectively (based on the concentration of total iron dissolved into the solution by pyrite oxidation). Similarly, bio-oxidation tests of two mine waste samples also showed sound inhibition effects, which offers a preliminary demonstration of the potential applicability of this method to actual waste rock. This study presents a new perspective on passivating the oxidation of metal sulfide tailings or waste and preventing AMD. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: This study aimed to investigate the enhancement characteristics of vessel wall in patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) using 3D high-resolution magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and their relationship with initial and recurrent intracranial hemorrhage. Methods: Consecutive patients with MMD were retrospectively analyzed and classified as intracranial hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic groups according to the CT or MR images. The clinical features and vessel wall characteristics were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was performed to relate the vessel wall characteristics to the initial hemorrhage in MMD patients. Patients in hemorrhagic group were followed up after surgery to evaluate the relationship between vessel wall characteristics and recurrent hemorrhage. Results: A total of 507 MMD patients including 79 hemorrhagic and 428 non-hemorrhagic MMD patients were recruited in the study. We found that hemorrhagic group had more patients with vessel wall enhancements (40.5% vs. 25.7%, p = 0.009) and more eccentric enhanced lesions (17.7% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.001) compared to those in non-hemorrhage group and vessel wall enhancements were independently associated with ipsilateral initial hemorrhage after adjusted for clinical factors (OR = 1.99, CI 1.20–3.28, p = 0.007). Furthermore, three recurrent intracranial hemorrhagic episodes in the present study were all observed in MMD patients with vessel wall enhancement during the long-term follow-up after surgery. Conclusions: Wall enhancement of intracranial vessels was significantly associated with intracranial hemorrhage in MMD patients. Our findings suggest that vessel wall enhancement may serve as a marker of intracranial hemorrhage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Intracranial vessel wall enhancement (VWE) on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) is associated with the progression and poor prognosis of moyamoya disease (MMD). This study assessed potential risk factors for VWE in MMD.We evaluated MMD patients using HRMRI and traditional angiography examinations. The participants were divided into VWE and non-VWE groups based on HRMRI. Logistic regression was performed to compare the risk factors for VWE in MMD. The incidence of cerebrovascular events of the different subgroups according to risk factors was compared using Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression.We included 283 MMD patients, 84 of whom had VWE on HRMRI. The VWE group had higher modified Rankin Scale scores at admission (p = 0.014) and a higher incidence of ischaemia and haemorrhage (p = 0.002) than did the non-VWE group. Risk factors for VWE included the ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) p.R4810K variant (odds ratio [OR] 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–3.76, p = 0.028), hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) (OR 5.08, 95% CI 2.34–11.05, p < 0.001), and smoking history (OR 3.49, 95% CI 1.08–11.31, p = 0.037). During the follow-up of 63.9 ± 13.2 months (median 65 months), 18 recurrent stroke events occurred. Cox regression showed that VWE and the RNF213 p.R4810K variant were risk factors for stroke.The RNF213 p.R4810K variant is strongly associated with VWE and poor prognosis in MMD. HHcy and smoking are independent risk factors for VWE.Vessel wall enhancement in moyamoya disease is closely associated with poor prognosis, especially related to the ring finger protein 213 p.R4810K variant, hyperhomocysteinaemia, and smoking, providing crucial risk assessment information for the clinic.• The baseline presence of vessel wall enhancement is significantly associated with poor prognosis in moyamoya disease.• The ring finger protein 213 p.R4810K variant is strongly associated with vessel wall enhancement and poor prognosis in moyamoya disease.• Hyperhomocysteinaemia and smoking are independent risk factors for vessel wall enhancement in moyamoya disease.Methods: Intracranial vessel wall enhancement (VWE) on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) is associated with the progression and poor prognosis of moyamoya disease (MMD). This study assessed potential risk factors for VWE in MMD.We evaluated MMD patients using HRMRI and traditional angiography examinations. The participants were divided into VWE and non-VWE groups based on HRMRI. Logistic regression was performed to compare the risk factors for VWE in MMD. The incidence of cerebrovascular events of the different subgroups according to risk factors was compared using Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression.We included 283 MMD patients, 84 of whom had VWE on HRMRI. The VWE group had higher modified Rankin Scale scores at admission (p = 0.014) and a higher incidence of ischaemia and haemorrhage (p = 0.002) than did the non-VWE group. Risk factors for VWE included the ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) p.R4810K variant (odds ratio [OR] 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–3.76, p = 0.028), hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) (OR 5.08, 95% CI 2.34–11.05, p < 0.001), and smoking history (OR 3.49, 95% CI 1.08–11.31, p = 0.037). During the follow-up of 63.9 ± 13.2 months (median 65 months), 18 recurrent stroke events occurred. Cox regression showed that VWE and the RNF213 p.R4810K variant were risk factors for stroke.The RNF213 p.R4810K variant is strongly associated with VWE and poor prognosis in MMD. HHcy and smoking are independent risk factors for VWE.Vessel wall enhancement in moyamoya disease is closely associated with poor prognosis, especially related to the ring finger protein 213 p.R4810K variant, hyperhomocysteinaemia, and smoking, providing crucial risk assessment information for the clinic.• The baseline presence of vessel wall enhancement is significantly associated with poor prognosis in moyamoya disease.• The ring finger protein 213 p.R4810K variant is strongly associated with vessel wall enhancement and poor prognosis in moyamoya disease.• Hyperhomocysteinaemia and smoking are independent risk factors for vessel wall enhancement in moyamoya disease.Results: Intracranial vessel wall enhancement (VWE) on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) is associated with the progression and poor prognosis of moyamoya disease (MMD). This study assessed potential risk factors for VWE in MMD.We evaluated MMD patients using HRMRI and traditional angiography examinations. The participants were divided into VWE and non-VWE groups based on HRMRI. Logistic regression was performed to compare the risk factors for VWE in MMD. The incidence of cerebrovascular events of the different subgroups according to risk factors was compared using Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression.We included 283 MMD patients, 84 of whom had VWE on HRMRI. The VWE group had higher modified Rankin Scale scores at admission (p = 0.014) and a higher incidence of ischaemia and haemorrhage (p = 0.002) than did the non-VWE group. Risk factors for VWE included the ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) p.R4810K variant (odds ratio [OR] 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–3.76, p = 0.028), hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) (OR 5.08, 95% CI 2.34–11.05, p < 0.001), and smoking history (OR 3.49, 95% CI 1.08–11.31, p = 0.037). During the follow-up of 63.9 ± 13.2 months (median 65 months), 18 recurrent stroke events occurred. Cox regression showed that VWE and the RNF213 p.R4810K variant were risk factors for stroke.The RNF213 p.R4810K variant is strongly associated with VWE and poor prognosis in MMD. HHcy and smoking are independent risk factors for VWE.Vessel wall enhancement in moyamoya disease is closely associated with poor prognosis, especially related to the ring finger protein 213 p.R4810K variant, hyperhomocysteinaemia, and smoking, providing crucial risk assessment information for the clinic.• The baseline presence of vessel wall enhancement is significantly associated with poor prognosis in moyamoya disease.• The ring finger protein 213 p.R4810K variant is strongly associated with vessel wall enhancement and poor prognosis in moyamoya disease.• Hyperhomocysteinaemia and smoking are independent risk factors for vessel wall enhancement in moyamoya disease.Conclusion: Intracranial vessel wall enhancement (VWE) on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) is associated with the progression and poor prognosis of moyamoya disease (MMD). This study assessed potential risk factors for VWE in MMD.We evaluated MMD patients using HRMRI and traditional angiography examinations. The participants were divided into VWE and non-VWE groups based on HRMRI. Logistic regression was performed to compare the risk factors for VWE in MMD. The incidence of cerebrovascular events of the different subgroups according to risk factors was compared using Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression.We included 283 MMD patients, 84 of whom had VWE on HRMRI. The VWE group had higher modified Rankin Scale scores at admission (p = 0.014) and a higher incidence of ischaemia and haemorrhage (p = 0.002) than did the non-VWE group. Risk factors for VWE included the ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) p.R4810K variant (odds ratio [OR] 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–3.76, p = 0.028), hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) (OR 5.08, 95% CI 2.34–11.05, p < 0.001), and smoking history (OR 3.49, 95% CI 1.08–11.31, p = 0.037). During the follow-up of 63.9 ± 13.2 months (median 65 months), 18 recurrent stroke events occurred. Cox regression showed that VWE and the RNF213 p.R4810K variant were risk factors for stroke.The RNF213 p.R4810K variant is strongly associated with VWE and poor prognosis in MMD. HHcy and smoking are independent risk factors for VWE.Vessel wall enhancement in moyamoya disease is closely associated with poor prognosis, especially related to the ring finger protein 213 p.R4810K variant, hyperhomocysteinaemia, and smoking, providing crucial risk assessment information for the clinic.• The baseline presence of vessel wall enhancement is significantly associated with poor prognosis in moyamoya disease.• The ring finger protein 213 p.R4810K variant is strongly associated with vessel wall enhancement and poor prognosis in moyamoya disease.• Hyperhomocysteinaemia and smoking are independent risk factors for vessel wall enhancement in moyamoya disease.Clinical relevance statement: Intracranial vessel wall enhancement (VWE) on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) is associated with the progression and poor prognosis of moyamoya disease (MMD). This study assessed potential risk factors for VWE in MMD.We evaluated MMD patients using HRMRI and traditional angiography examinations. The participants were divided into VWE and non-VWE groups based on HRMRI. Logistic regression was performed to compare the risk factors for VWE in MMD. The incidence of cerebrovascular events of the different subgroups according to risk factors was compared using Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression.We included 283 MMD patients, 84 of whom had VWE on HRMRI. The VWE group had higher modified Rankin Scale scores at admission (p = 0.014) and a higher incidence of ischaemia and haemorrhage (p = 0.002) than did the non-VWE group. Risk factors for VWE included the ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) p.R4810K variant (odds ratio [OR] 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–3.76, p = 0.028), hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) (OR 5.08, 95% CI 2.34–11.05, p < 0.001), and smoking history (OR 3.49, 95% CI 1.08–11.31, p = 0.037). During the follow-up of 63.9 ± 13.2 months (median 65 months), 18 recurrent stroke events occurred. Cox regression showed that VWE and the RNF213 p.R4810K variant were risk factors for stroke.The RNF213 p.R4810K variant is strongly associated with VWE and poor prognosis in MMD. HHcy and smoking are independent risk factors for VWE.Vessel wall enhancement in moyamoya disease is closely associated with poor prognosis, especially related to the ring finger protein 213 p.R4810K variant, hyperhomocysteinaemia, and smoking, providing crucial risk assessment information for the clinic.• The baseline presence of vessel wall enhancement is significantly associated with poor prognosis in moyamoya disease.• The ring finger protein 213 p.R4810K variant is strongly associated with vessel wall enhancement and poor prognosis in moyamoya disease.• Hyperhomocysteinaemia and smoking are independent risk factors for vessel wall enhancement in moyamoya disease.Key Points: Intracranial vessel wall enhancement (VWE) on high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) is associated with the progression and poor prognosis of moyamoya disease (MMD). This study assessed potential risk factors for VWE in MMD.We evaluated MMD patients using HRMRI and traditional angiography examinations. The participants were divided into VWE and non-VWE groups based on HRMRI. Logistic regression was performed to compare the risk factors for VWE in MMD. The incidence of cerebrovascular events of the different subgroups according to risk factors was compared using Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox regression.We included 283 MMD patients, 84 of whom had VWE on HRMRI. The VWE group had higher modified Rankin Scale scores at admission (p = 0.014) and a higher incidence of ischaemia and haemorrhage (p = 0.002) than did the non-VWE group. Risk factors for VWE included the ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) p.R4810K variant (odds ratio [OR] 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–3.76, p = 0.028), hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHcy) (OR 5.08, 95% CI 2.34–11.05, p < 0.001), and smoking history (OR 3.49, 95% CI 1.08–11.31, p = 0.037). During the follow-up of 63.9 ± 13.2 months (median 65 months), 18 recurrent stroke events occurred. Cox regression showed that VWE and the RNF213 p.R4810K variant were risk factors for stroke.The RNF213 p.R4810K variant is strongly associated with VWE and poor prognosis in MMD. HHcy and smoking are independent risk factors for VWE.Vessel wall enhancement in moyamoya disease is closely associated with poor prognosis, especially related to the ring finger protein 213 p.R4810K variant, hyperhomocysteinaemia, and smoking, providing crucial risk assessment information for the clinic.• The baseline presence of vessel wall enhancement is significantly associated with poor prognosis in moyamoya disease.• The ring finger protein 213 p.R4810K variant is strongly associated with vessel wall enhancement and poor prognosis in moyamoya disease.• Hyperhomocysteinaemia and smoking are independent risk factors for vessel wall enhancement in moyamoya disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous miniaturization of the feature size of integrated circuit makes it crucial to find proper barrier layer materials. With the properties of low resistivity (∼5.34 μΩ•cm) and good adhesion to Cu, Molybdenum (Mo) has become the most promising materials of the next generation of barrier layer. However, the studies on Mo chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) are limited. The problems of controlling Mo removal rate (RR) and improving its surface quality (Sq) are still unsolved. Here in, this paper focuses on minimizing Mo RR and Sq during CMP. Compared the inhibition effect of isooctanol polyoxyethylene ether (JFCE) and fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO-9) combine with benzotriazole (BTA) on Mo CMP, JFCE was selected as the most suitable surfactant. The addition of a small amount of JFCE can decrease Mo RR (from 308 Å/min to 176 Å/min) and static etching rate (SER) (from 201 Å/min to 50 Å/min) significantly. Furthermore, Mo Sq was also improved (from 6.34 nm to 0.255 nm) during CMP. The synergetic inhibition mechanism of JFCE and BTA was characterized by electrochemical test, contact angle test, adsorption isotherm, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and density functional theory. JFCE not only can change the proportion of Mo oxide, but also can complex with Mo chemically and physically, thus playing an inhibition effect on the convex and concave part of Mo surface. Furthermore, JFCE could keep the slurry stable at least for 7 days. This paper combined with experimental and theoretical methods to find a new Mo inhibitor, which has a promising effect to the study of barrier layer planarization of 14 nm sub-technology node. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Zein-EWDP-chitosan ternary nanoparticles were fabricated to deliver curcumin. • EWDP exhibited properties as both a nutraceutical and affinity agent. • The addition of EWDP showed better encapsulation efficiency to curcumin. • EWDP and curcumin exerted a synergistic effect in the ternary nanoparticles. • EWDP combined with CS enhanced the various stability of curcumin. The food-derived peptides hydrolyzed from native food protein matrix exhibited various bioactivities and multimeric structures, which make them the promising well-defined nanoplatforms candidates to co-deliver themselves with other bioactive compounds. In this study, zein-egg white derived peptides-chitosan (Z-EWDP-CS) ternary nanoparticles (NPs) were successfully fabricated by the spontaneous assembly to enhance the stability and bioactivity of curcumin (Cur). The novel ternary NPs exhibited a typical nano-spherical structure (138.63 nm, 40.50 mV), and adorable encapsulation efficiency (EE, 93.87%) for Cur. FTIR, XRD and DSC results verified that Cur changed from a crystalline state to an amorphous state, and was successfully entrapped in the cavity of Z-EWDP-CS NPs. Furthermore, the thermal stability, photochemical stability, salt stability, and antioxidant activity were considerably improved in the NPs after the addition of EWDP. Our results demonstrate that the food-derived peptides could be an ideal affinity agent for the co-delivery of themselves with hydrophobic nutraceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Visible light and Ag+ have synergistic catalytic effect on chalcopyrite bioleaching. • Ag+ introduced Ag 2 S and Ag0 on the surface of chalcopyrite. • Light illumination promoted the formation of Ag 2 S and Ag0 on chalcopyrite surface. • The formation of covellite-like species hindered the dissolution of chalcopyrite. • Ag+ and visible light reduced the resistance of the passivation layer. The effect and mechanism of visible light and Ag+ on chalcopyrite bioleaching were investigated in the presence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. The results of bioleaching tests revealed that the copper extraction was improved significantly when visible light and Ag+ were simultaneously present. By analyzing bioleaching parameters, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results: the accumulation of jarosite and the formation of covellite-like species led to the slow dissolution rate of chalcopyrite at the end period of bioleaching. The introduction of Ag+ resulted in the formation of Ag 2 S and Ag0 on the surface of chalcopyrite. And light illumination promoted the accumulation of Ag 2 S and Ag0 on chalcopyrite surface, thus reducing the resistance of the passivation layer. Further, light illumination increased the rate of charge transfer and promoted the dissolution of chalcopyrite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chalcopyrite is a crucial contributor causing acid mine drainage (AMD). Silver and pyrite are commonly co-existed with chalcopyrite, and can significantly affect the copper release from chalcopyrite bio-dissolution process. However, the combined effect of them on chalcopyrite bio-dissolution has not been illustrated up to now. To fill this knowledge gap, the combined effect of silver and pyrite on chalcopyrite dissolution with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was investigated in this study. The copper extraction reached the maximum value (62.3 ± 0.1%) with the presence of silver and pyrite, which was 43.8 ± 0.1% higher than the control group (without addition). This suggested more copper ions and acids were released under this circumstance. According to bio-dissolution results, SEM, XRD and XPS analyses, the promotion effect of silver and pyrite on chalcopyrite bio-dissolution was mainly attributed to the increase of ferric ions in solution and the reduction of passivation layer (S n 2−/S0) on chalcopyrite surface. The investigation into the bio-dissolution of chalcopyrite is important for controlling the generation of copper ions and acids. Silver or pyrite bearing chalcopyrite should be carefully treated to avoid the pollution of heavy metal copper and acid in the mining environment. Silver could reduce the formation of passivation layer, and pyrite could produce lots of ferric ions and accelerate the regeneration of silver ion, thus enhancing chalcopyrite bio-dissolution and releasing more copper ions and acids into the environment. [Display omitted] • Silver or pyrite bearing chalcopyrite should be carefully treated to avoid AMD formation in mining site. • Silver and pyrite could enhance chalcopyrite bio-dissolution. • Silver could reduce the formation of passivation layer (S n 2−/S0). • Pyrite could produce lots of ferric ions and accelerate chalcopyrite bio-dissolution and the regeneration of silver ion. • The jarosite formed in silver and/or pyrite added chalcopyrite system would not hinder the dissolution process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, three different types of columns (i.e. columns with a low width-to-thickness ratio of the plates, columns with a high height-to-thickness ratio of the web, and columns with a high width-to-thickness ratio of the flange) are designed to investigate the buckling behaviour of welded H-section columns fabricated from 800 MPa high-strength steel (HSS). Different buckling behaviours are established, including the load–axial displacement curves, relationships between the local out-of-plane displacement and overall lateral displacement, and ultimate loads of the columns. Current specifications, such as ANSI/AISC and Eurocode 3, are evaluated using the experimental results of this study. It is concluded that ANSI/AISC and Eurocode 3 slightly underestimate the ultimate load of 800 MPa HSS welded H-section members under axial compression. Numerical analyses are performed to estimate the buckling behaviours of 800 MPa HSS welded H-section members under axial compression, and the model is verified using the experimental results in this study. The effects of several parameters (i.e. the slenderness ratio, width-to-thickness ratio of the flange, and height-to-thickness ratio of the web) on the buckling behaviour are investigated. Finite element analyses are carried out for 94 different models, and a more accurate model for estimating the ultimate load of welded H-section members fabricated from 800 MPa HSS is developed. Existing experimental data for HSS columns are collected, and reliability analyses are performed for ANSI/AISC, Eurocode 3, and the proposed model. • The ratio of σ u ∕ f y decreases as the width–thickness ratio increases. • Current specifications are slightly underestimated for estimating the ultimate load. • A more accurate model for estimating the ultimate load is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the influences of external iron ions on the dissolution behavior of covellite minerals at different temperatures. External iron ions can significantly accelerate covellite dissolution. The copper extraction of acid covellite leaching was less than 5%, while the addition of external iron ions (ferric or ferrous ions, Fe3+/Fe2+) effectively enhanced covellite dissolution. Covellite copper extraction with 0.1 mol/L Fe2+ was 25% at 303 K and 40% at 318 K after 18 days, and for leaching systems with 0.1 mol/L Fe3+, it was approximately 40% at 303 K and 60% at 318 K. The dissolution process of covellite with external iron ions can be divided into two stages. The dissolution kinetics at the first stage are controlled by the chemical reaction between iron ions and covellite, as the generated elemental sulfur has not yet blocked the covellite surface. Compared with ferrous ions, ferric ions further increase the dissolution rate of covellite, which is also suggested by the scanning electron microscopy analysis results. Additionally, Fe3+ accelerates the release of copper ions by effectively reducing the particle size of covellite. In the second stage (copper extraction >40%), the reaction kinetics shift to the mixed control of the surface chemical reaction with iron ions and diffusion due to the accumulation of an elemental sulfur layer on the surface. Although Fe2+ cannot directly oxidize covellite, the electron exchange between Fe2+ and oxygen is improved through the covellite mineral, which is attributed to its metallic properties. Then, the ferric ions generated in the above process gradually corrode covellite. In addition, the temperature rise can significantly accelerate the oxidation reaction process of iron ions with covellite by forming a more porous corrosive structure. Finally, leaching bacteria (Acidithiobacillus caldus and Leptospirillum ferriphilum) are proved to boost copper extraction from covellite by transforming Fe2+ into Fe3+ and eliminating surface elemental sulfur passivation. However, dense passivation layers inevitably form on the covellite surface at the end of bioleaching, which passivates the subsequent dissolution process. • Iron ions increased reactive sites on covellite surface. • Smaller particles were formed with ferric sulfate in covellite acid leaching. • The Fe2+ ions adsorbed to covellite are inclined to be oxidized by oxygen. • Covellite grains were corroded into porous structure by iron ions. • Jarosite was the main passivation species during covellite bioleaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synergetic effect of pyrite on strengthening bornite bioleaching has been confirmed in our former work. However, the effect of pyrite with different semiconducting properties on bornite bioleaching has not been investigated yet. In order to fill this important knowledge gap, hall effect tests, electrochemical tests, X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests combined with bioleaching experiments were performed to investigate the effect of pyrite with different semiconducting properties on the bioleaching of mixed ore (pyrite and bornite mixed at mass ratio of 3:1). It was found that the copper extraction of mixed ore containing the n-type pyrite was 10% higher than that of the p-type pyrite in sulfuric media. The difference however could be narrowed and eliminated in the presence of Leptospirillum ferriphilum (L. ferriphilum), and the leaching rate of copper could eventually both reach 85%. Results of XRD and XPS of leached residues confirmed that pyrite with different semiconducting properties could not change the dissolution mechanism of bornite, and a large amount of jarosite and elemental sulfur formed at the latter stage of bioleaching may be responsible for bornite passivation. The result of electrochemical measurements further proved the conclusion drew from XRD tests and indicated that n-type pyrite had better performance on increasing corrosion kinetics of bornite than p-type pyrite. Unlabelled Image • The effect of N-type pyrite and p-type pyrite on bornite leaching is different. • The difference can be narrowed and eliminated in the presence of L. ferriphilum. • Galvanic effect plays an important role of accelerating bornite leaching. • Bacterial oxidation may be responsible for eliminating the difference. • Both pyrite would not change the dissolution mechanism of bornite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]