Search

The corrosion problem of steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) columns in coastal areas is becoming increasingly severe and needs to be solved urgently. This study established a numerical analysis model for SRC middle-length columns considering corrosion effects. The bond–slip constitutive relationship between corroded steel and concrete was established. It was found that when the rust rate is low, the bonding stress of SRC columns is slightly increased compared to those without corrosion. The ultimate and residual bonding stress will decrease significantly when the rust rate exceeds 1.5%. The comparison between the numerical analysis model and the experimental results shows that the establishment of the model is reasonable. Subsequent parameter analysis showed that for corroded SRC mid-length columns, the larger the slenderness ratio of the component, the faster the decrease in axial compression performance. The rust rate increased from 0 to 30%, and the axial compression performance of SRC columns decreased significantly. When the rust rate exceeded 30%, the axial compression performance of concrete columns tended to stabilize. A formula for calculating SRC middle-length columns’ ultimate bearing capacity considering corrosion effects has been proposed.

A gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) method for the detection of 3-chloropropanol and glycidyl esters in infant formula milk powder was established, and the content of 3-chloropropanol and glycidyl esters in different commercial infant formula milk powders was determined. Ester contamination and health risk assessment in infant formula milk powder was carried out. 3-Chloropropanol and glycidyl esters in samples were extracted with n-hexane, hydrolyzed, derivatized with phenylboronic acid, detected by GC-MS/MS, and quantified by an internal standard method. The results showed that the total amount of 3-chloropropanol and glycidyl esters was in the range of 0.040 0–4.00 μg/mL, and good linearity was observed for 3-chloropropanol esters in the concentration range of 0.020 0–2.00 μg/mL with correlation coefficient (R2) greater than 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD) was 10.0 μg/kg, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was 25.0 μg/kg for both esters. At spiked levels of 25.0, 100 and 300 μg/kg, the average recoveries ranged from 95.0% to 98.1%. The developed method had high accuracy and recovery, and could be used for the detection of 3-chloropropanol and glycidyl esters in infant formula milk powder. In 150 commercial infant formula milk powder samples, the detection rate of 3-chloropropanol esters was 12.7% at levels of ND–52.4 μg/kg with an average of 29.8 μg/kg. The detection rate of glycidyl esters was 6.67% at levels of ND–40.1 μg/kg with an average of 31.9 μg/kg. The average exposure level to 3-chloropropanol esters was 0.33–0.66 μg/(kg·d). Therefore, attention should be paid to the problem of contamination of 3-chloropropanol and glycidyl esters in infant formula milk powder.

The ultraviolet/flame retardant protection cotton fabric is successfully prepared using a spray baking process with tannic acid (TA) and phytic acid (PA) as key ingredients to address the issues of cotton fabric such as high flammability and lack of ultraviolet (UV) resistance. With respect to the treated fabric by 4 wt% PA solution and 3 wt% TA solution, it presented 29.5% limited oxygen index (LOI) value, 8.0 cm damaged length and 26.4 ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), while they were 28.3%, 7.5 cm and 30.6 for treated fabric by 3 wt% PA solution and 4 wt% TA solution, which indicated that in the mixed system, although TA primarily acted as an anti‐UV agent, it also exhibited flame retardant properties, and PA primarily functioned as a flame retardant and could provide a certain degree of UV protection. The prepared cotton fabric through this facile method presented excellent UV/flame retardant protection capabilities, and improved the functional efficiency of TA and PA materials. Moreover, as‐prepared fabric showed great application potential, especially in outdoor‐applied fields such as sportswear, sunshade tents, sunshade hats, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the harm caused by high intake of saturated fat on human health. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high interphase Pickering emulsions (HIPEs) stabilized by soybean protein isolated and soybean oil, and tea polyphenols were used as functional ingredients to evaluate two different HIPEs as pork back fat (PBF) replacers in the meatballs. Six different formulations were prepared by the replacement of PBF with water, HIPEs and HIPEs loaded with tea polyphenols. Physical, chemical and sensory indexes of meatballs were assessed. Compared with the control group, there were significant differences in all indexes expect pH (P<0.05). Reduce-fat meatballs with HIPEs showed higher cooking rate (93.59%), content of moisture (66.91%) and protein (14.48%) and lower content of fat (8.42%). The hardness, elasticity, cohesiveness and chewability of meatballs increased with the addition of emulsion. After addition of HIPEs, the L* of meatballs was increased, and the a*, b* were increased due to the addition of tea polyphenols. The HIPEs loaded with tea polyphenols had the best improvement on the infiltrate on the moisture (1.57%) and fat (0.019%) of meatballs, the lowest TBA value was 4.12 mg/kg. The sensory evaluation was higher than the control group. Using HIPEs as a fat substitute could effectively reduce the fat content in meatballs and improve the yield and quality of meatballs. This study can provide some reference for the development of fat-reducing meat products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) is a rate-limiting enzyme in terpene synthesis that can affect the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants. In this study, three DXS gene family members were identified in the tomato genome-wide database. Using bioinformatics methods, we analyzed the gene structure, evolutionary affinities, and cis-acting elements of the SlDXS gene family members. Promoters of SlDXS genes contain plant hormone-responsive elements such as the CGTCA-motif, TGACG-motif, ABRE, TCA-element, TGA-element, ERE, CAT-box, and AACA-motif, which suggested that the SlDXS gene family may play an important role in hormone response. The RT-qPCR analysis showed that the tomato DXS2 gene was able to respond upon exposure to methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The construction of a virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) vector for the SlDXS gene showed that the SlDXS2 gene was also able to respond to MeJA in silenced plants, but the induction level was lower relative to that of wild-type plants. The SlDXS1 gene is associated with the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. This study provides a reference for the further elucidation of the DXS gene's biological function in the terpenoid synthesis pathway in tomatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]