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Objective: The floating calcified tissue in floating calcified lumbar disc herniation (FCLDH) is hard and often adheres to the dura mater, which can easily cause nerve root damage during surgery, making the operation challenging. We proposed the classification of FCLDH and a new technique for removing floating calcified tissue and reported the clinical efficacy and safety of this new technique in clinical practice. Methods: From January 2019 to October 2021, 24 patients (13 males and 11 females, 46.4 ± 7.72 years) with L5‐S1 floating calcified lumbar disc herniation were treated with percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy (PEID). According to FCLDH classification, a total of Type Ia: nine cases, Type Ib: five cases, Type IIa: four cases, and Type IIa: six cases were included. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were recorded pre‐operatively and 3 days postoperatively, 6 months postoperatively, and at the last follow‐up. The postoperative curative effect was evaluated according to the modified MacNab criteria. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine were performed 3 days after surgery to evaluate the efficacy of the surgery. Results: All patients successfully underwent PEID. The VAS and ODI scores at 3 days postoperatively, 6 months postoperatively, and at the last follow‐up were significantly improved and statistically significant compared to those of the preoperative period (p < 0.05). All the patients were followed up for 12–24 months (mean, 16.6 ± 4.6 months). At the last follow‐up, according to the modified MacNab criteria, 15 cases were excellent, eight were good, and one was fair. The combined excellent and good rate was 95.83% (23/24). Postoperative review revealed that all floating calcified tissues were effectively removed and the nerve roots were adequately decompressed without complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage and lumbar spine infection. Conclusion: The classification of FCLDH we proposed can well guide the selection of surgical plans. PEID combined with floating calcified tissue removal technology has good efficacy in the treatment of L5‐S1 FCLDH, ensuring accurate removal of calcified tissue, reducing complications and improving the quality of life of affected individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation Spatial clustering is essential and challenging for spatial transcriptomics' data analysis to unravel tissue microenvironment and biological function. Graph neural networks are promising to address gene expression profiles and spatial location information in spatial transcriptomics to generate latent representations. However, choosing an appropriate graph deep learning module and graph neural network necessitates further exploration and investigation. Results In this article, we present GRAPHDeep to assemble a spatial clustering framework for heterogeneous spatial transcriptomics data. Through integrating 2 graph deep learning modules and 20 graph neural networks, the most appropriate combination is decided for each dataset. The constructed spatial clustering method is compared with state-of-the-art algorithms to demonstrate its effectiveness and superiority. The significant new findings include: (i) the number of genes or proteins of spatial omics data is quite crucial in spatial clustering algorithms; (ii) the variational graph autoencoder is more suitable for spatial clustering tasks than deep graph infomax module; (iii) UniMP, SAGE, SuperGAT, GATv2, GCN, and TAG are the recommended graph neural networks for spatial clustering tasks; and (iv) the used graph neural network in the existent spatial clustering frameworks is not the best candidate. This study could be regarded as desirable guidance for choosing an appropriate graph neural network for spatial clustering. Availability and implementation The source code of GRAPHDeep is available at https://github.com/narutoten520/GRAPHDeep. The studied spatial omics data are available at https://zenodo.org/record/8141084. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of spatially resolved transcriptomics technologies, it is now possible to explore the gene expression profiles of single cells while preserving their spatial context. Spatial clustering plays a key role in spatial transcriptome data analysis. In the past 2 years, several graph neural network-based methods have emerged, which significantly improved the accuracy of spatial clustering. However, accurately identifying the boundaries of spatial domains remains a challenging task. In this article, we propose stAA, an adversarial variational graph autoencoder, to identify spatial domain. stAA generates cell embedding by leveraging gene expression and spatial information using graph neural networks and enforces the distribution of cell embeddings to a prior distribution through Wasserstein distance. The adversarial training process can make cell embeddings better capture spatial domain information and more robust. Moreover, stAA incorporates global graph information into cell embeddings using labels generated by pre-clustering. Our experimental results show that stAA outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and achieves better clustering results across different profiling platforms and various resolutions. We also conducted numerous biological analyses and found that stAA can identify fine-grained structures in tissues, recognize different functional subtypes within tumors and accurately identify developmental trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In previous studies, the numerical modeling and analyzing methods onto industrial or vehicle airbags dynamics were revealed to have high accuracy regarding their actual dynamic properties, but there are scarcely airbag stiffness modeling and comfortableness investigations of nursing cushion or mattress airbags. This study constructs a numerical model illustrating the association between the stiffness property and the internal gas mass of the wedge-shaped airbag of nursing appliance, and then the airbag stiffness variation discipline is described based on various inflation volumes. To start with, based on an averaged pressure prerequisite, a dynamic simulation model of the wedge-shaped airbag is established by the fluid cavity approach. For this modeling, the elastic mechanical behaviors of airbag material are determined according to a material constitutive model built by the quasi-static uniaxial tensile test. Besides, verification experiments clarify that the presented modeling method is accurate for airbag stiffness behavior prediction, and then can be effectively applied into design and optimization phases of wedge-shaped airbags. Ultimately, based on the simulation and experimental results, it is found that the wedge-shaped airbag stiffness exhibits a three stages characteristic evolution with the gas mass increase. Then the mathematical relationship between the airbag stiffness and gas mass is obtained by numerical fitting, which provides a vital basis for structural optimization and differentiated control of nursing equipment airbags. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the thermal variations of axial static stiffness of motorized spindle unit, a thermal modeling method of spindle axial static stiffness is established by combining the numerical simulation technology with analytical method. Firstly, based on a thermoelastic ring cylinder model and the Hertz contact theory, the analytical model of temperature rise–axial static stiffness thermal variation effect of spindle-angular contact ball bearing system is constructed; then, the spindle structural thermal model considering its coolant heat transfer is obtained by using the finite element heat–fluid–solid coupling simulation technology, to solve temperature rises of spindle bearings. Based on them, the Bushing element is used to analyze the stiffness of the bearing assembly in the thermal–structural coupling simulation modeling of motorized spindle unit and thus to simulate the thermal variation effects of spindle axial static stiffness. Ultimately, the variation tendencies of the spindle axial static stiffness under various thermal conditions are analyzed by using this model, and the obtained results are compared with their corresponding test data. The comparisons show that this modeling method can accurately predict the thermal variation tendencies of axial static stiffness during spindle operations. Then the temperature rises of spindle structure can cause its axial static stiffness to harden, which is associated with the thermal increase of bearing preload. The conclusions have the guiding significance for thermal balance design and optimization of spindle structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stimulus‐responsive molecular photochromic materials have potential applications in sensor, information storage, and optical switch devices since they undergo reversible color changes upon stimulus from external light. In this work, a viologen‐derived Mg(II) coordination complex with molecular formula [Mg(dpbp)2(H2O)4] (1) has been synthesized from 1‐(3,5‐dicarboxyphenyl)‐4,4′‐bipyridinium chloride (H2dpbp⋅Cl) under solvothermal conditions. Complex 1 has a three‐dimensional viologen‐based hydrogen bond network showing reversible photochromism through radical formation under ultraviolet‐visible light irradiation. Simultaneously, the emission of complex 1 can be reversibly modulated by ultraviolet‐visible light irradiation. Importantly, due to its reversible photochromic properties, practical fading time, and high stability, complex 1 can be used as an ink‐free and erasable printing medium by applying ultraviolet visible light irradiation with a mask. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: A recent study suggested that administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) at dosages usually employed clinically may reduce rates of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. A recent surge of SARS‐CoV‐2 omicron infection in China allowed study of whether UDCA administration reduced susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children with liver disease. Methods: Through WeChat groups, a questionnaire was distributed to families (n = 300) in which a child had been admitted to our liver service in the past 5 years. Among the families/households in which someone was infected with SARS‐CoV‐2, the proportion in which a child taking UDCA was infected was compared with the proportion in which a child not taking UDCA was infected. Results: Of the 300 questionnaire answers, 280 (93.3%) were valid. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was confirmed in 226 families (80.7%): 146 children were taking UDCA (10‐20 mg/kg/day) and 80 children were not taking UDCA. SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was confirmed in 95 children taking UDCA (65.1%) and in 51 children not taking UDCA (63.8%) (p = 0.843); SARS‐CoV‐2 infection was suspected in 23 children taking UDCA (15.8%) and in 11 children not taking UDCA (13.8%) (p = 0.687). Conclusions: These results indicate that UDCA administration does not reduce susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in children with liver disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In previous studies, the numerical modeling and analyzing methods onto industrial or vehicle airbags dynamics were revealed to have high accuracy regarding their actual dynamic properties, but there are scarcely airbag stiffness modeling and comfortableness investigations of nursing cushion or mattress airbags. This study constructs a numerical model illustrating the association between the stiffness property and the internal gas mass of the wedge-shaped airbag of nursing appliance, and then the airbag stiffness variation discipline is described based on various inflation volumes. To start with, based on an averaged pressure prerequisite, a dynamic simulation model of the wedge-shaped airbag is established by the fluid cavity approach. For this modeling, the elastic mechanical behaviors of airbag material are determined according to a material constitutive model built by the quasi-static uniaxial tensile test. Besides, verification experiments clarify that the presented modeling method is accurate for airbag stiffness behavior prediction, and then can be effectively applied into design and optimization phases of wedge-shaped airbags. Ultimately, based on the simulation and experimental results, it is found that the wedge-shaped airbag stiffness exhibits a three stages characteristic evolution with the gas mass increase. Then the mathematical relationship between the airbag stiffness and gas mass is obtained by numerical fitting, which provides a vital basis for structural optimization and differentiated control of nursing equipment airbags. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the clinical outcomes of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) versus percutaneous vertebroplasty combined with pediculoplasty (PVP-PP) for Kümmell's disease (KD). Methods: Between February 2017 and November 2020, 76 patients with KD undergoing PVP or PVP-PP were included in this retrospective study. Based on the PVP whether combined with pediculoplasty, those patients were divided into PVP group (n = 39) and PVP-PP group (n = 37). The operation duration, estimated blood loss, cement volume, and hospitalization stays were recorded and analyzed. Meanwhile, the radiological variations including the Cobb's angle, anterior height of index vertebra, and middle height of index vertebra from X-ray were recorded preoperatively, at 1 days postoperatively and the final follow-up. The visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) were also evaluated. Preoperative and postoperative recovery values of these data were compared. Results: The two groups showed no significant difference in demographic features (p > 0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and time of hospital stay revealed no sharp statistical distinctions either (p > 0.05), except that PVP-PP used more bone cement than PVP (5.8 ± 1.5 mL vs. 5.0 ± 1.2 mL, p < 0.05). The anterior and middle height of vertebra, Cobb's angle, VAS, and ODI was observed a little without significant difference between the two groups before and 1 days postoperatively (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, ODI and VAS scores decreased significantly in the PVP-PP group than in the PVP group at follow-up (p < 0.001). The PVP-PP group exhibited a slight amelioration in Ha, Hm, and Cobb's angle when compared to the PVP group, displaying statistical significance (p < 0.05). No significant disparity in cement leakage was observed between the PVP-PP and PVP groups (29.4% vs. 15.4%, p > 0.05). It is worth noting that the prevalence of bone cement loosening displayed a remarkable decrement within the PVP-PP group, with only one case recorded, as opposed to the PVP group's seven cases (2.7% vs. 17.9%, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Both PVP-PP and PVP can relieve pain effectively in patients with KD. Moreover, PVP-PP can achieve more satisfactory results than PVP. Thus, compared with PVP, PVP-PP is more suitable for KD without neurological deficit, from a long-term clinical effect perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The practical photocatalytic application of cadmium sulfide (CdS) has been significantly constrained by fast carrier recombination and significant photocorrosion. Therefore, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) step-by-step (S-scheme) heterojunction using the coupling interface between purple tungsten oxide (W 18 O 49) nanowires and CdS nanospheres. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate of optimized W 18 O 49 /CdS 3D S-scheme heterojunction can reach 9.7 mmol·h−1·g−1, 7.5 and 16.2 times greater than pure CdS (1.3 mmol·h−1·g−1) and 10 wt%-W 18 O 49 /CdS (mechanical mixing, 0.6 mmol·h−1·g−1), proving that the tight S-scheme heterojunction constructed by the hydrothermal method can efficiently enhance the carrier separation. Notably, the apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of W 18 O 49 /CdS 3D S-scheme heterojunction approaches 7.5% and 3.5% at 370 nm and 456 nm, respectively, which is 7.5 and 8.8 times than pure CdS (1.0% and 0.4%). The produced W 18 O 49 /CdS catalyst also has relative stability of structure and hydrogen production. Additionally, the H 2 evolution rate of W 18 O 49 /CdS 3D S-scheme heterojunction is 1.2 times greater than 1 wt%-platinum (Pt)/CdS (8.2 mmol·h−1·g−1), which indicates that the W 18 O 49 can effectively replace the precious metal for boosting the hydrogen production rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interesting ring-closing/ring-opening cascade reaction selectively induced by aliphatic primary amine for the synthesis of functionalized aminomaleimides is described. This work features phenolic hydroxyl as a traceless directing group that forms a critical six-membered intermediate and then a lactone ammonolysis/intramolecular amidation sequence. This two-step, one-pot practical protocol has broad substrate scope (39 examples) and delivers structurally diverse aminomaleimides in good to excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In cancer treatment, traditional radiotherapy (RT) is routinely conducted in local tumors and limited by radioresistance, while recently emerged immunotherapy is confronted with low response rate, high cost, and cytokine release syndrome. Logically, the combination of the two therapeutic modalities into radioimmunotherapy is promising to complement with each other for systemic elimination of cancer cells with high specificity, efficiency, and safety. Especially, RT‐induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) plays an imperative role in radioimmunotherapy to evoke systemic immune response against cancer, including elevating the immunity of tumor antigens, recruiting and activating antigen‐presenting cells, and priming cytotoxic T lymphocytes for tumoral infiltration and cancer cell eradication. This review first retrospects the origin and concept of ICD, summarizes the major damage‐associated molecular patterns and signaling pathways, and highlights the characteristics of RT‐induced ICD. Subsequently, therapeutic strategies enhancing RT‐induced ICD for radioimmunotherapy are reviewed from the perspectives of enhancing RT itself, combination with other treatments, and stimulating the holistic immune system. On the basis of these published research and underlying mechanism, this work attempts to forecast possible directions for RT‐induced ICD enhancement to promote clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancing spatially resolved transcriptomics (ST) technologies help biologists comprehensively understand organ function and tissue microenvironment. Accurate spatial domain identification is the foundation for delineating genome heterogeneity and cellular interaction. Motivated by this perspective, a graph deep learning (GDL) based spatial clustering approach is constructed in this paper. First, the deep graph infomax module embedded with residual gated graph convolutional neural network is leveraged to address the gene expression profiles and spatial positions in ST. Then, the Bayesian Gaussian mixture model is applied to handle the latent embeddings to generate spatial domains. Designed experiments certify that the presented method is superior to other state-of-the-art GDL-enabled techniques on multiple ST datasets. The codes and dataset used in this manuscript are summarized at https://github.com/narutoten520/SCGDL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Semiconductor photocatalytic water splitting is a green way to convert solar energy into chemical energy, but the recombination of electron and hole pairs and the low utilization of sunlight restrict the development of photocatalytic technology. By comparing the morphologies and hydrogen production properties of different proportions of solid solutions (Cd x Zn 1- x S), one-dimensional (1D) Cd 0.9 Zn 0.1 S nanorods (NRs) with the best photocatalytic properties are obtained. In addition, 1D W 18 O 49 nanowires are assembled on the surface of 1D Cd 0.9 Zn 0.1 S NRs to construct a novel 1D/1D step-scheme (S-scheme) W 18 O 49 /Cd 0.9 Zn 0.1 S heterojunction photocatalyst. The W 18 O 49 /Cd 0.9 Zn 0.1 S heterojunction expands the optical absorption capacity of Cd 0.9 Zn 0.1 S NRs to provide more energy for the photoexcitation of electrons. The optimal hydrogen production rate of W 18 O 49 /Cd 0.9 Zn 0.1 S NRs with W 18 O 49 content of 9 wt% is as high as 66.3 mmol·h−1·g−1, which is 5.7 times and 1.6 times higher than that of Cd 0.9 Zn 0.1 S NRs and 1 wt% Pt/Cd 0.9 Zn 0.1 S NRs. The apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 9 wt% W 18 O 49 /Cd 0.9 Zn 0.1 S reaches 56.0 % and 25.9 % under light wavelength irradiation at 370 and 456 nm, respectively. After the 20 h cycle stability test, the activity of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution does not decrease, due that the severe photo-corrosion of Cd 0.9 Zn 0.1 S NRs is efficiently inhibited. This work not only provides a simple and controllable synthesis method for the preparation of heterojunction structure, but also opens up a new way to improve the hydrogen evolution activity and stability of sulfur compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) is widely used for photocatalytic hydrogen production, its practical application is restricted by the high recombination rate of photoinduced electron-hole pairs and limited active sites. In this work, holey ultrathin g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets (HCN NSs) with rich active sites are prepared, followed by the growth of 1T-MoS 2 NSs on their surfaces to construct 2D/2D 1T-MoS 2 /HCN heterostructure. Due to the high surface area and abundant hydrogen active sites of the hybrid, large and intimate 2D nanointerface between MoS 2 and HCN, hydrogen ion adsorption and charge separation/transport ability are greatly enhanced. As a result, 1T-MoS 2 /HCN-4 with the optimal 1T-MoS 2 content of 8 wt% displays the highest H 2 production rate of 2724.2 μmol−1 h−1 g−1 under simulated solar light illumination with apparent quantum efficiency of 8.1% (λ = 370 nm). Moreover, the 1T-MoS 2 /HCN-4 hybrid manifests improved stability after a long-time test. This study opens the door to design highly-efficient g-C 3 N 4 based 2D/2D heterostructures for photocatalytic H 2 production. • 2D/2D 1T-MoS 2 /HCN has been designed by in-situ growth of 1T-MoS 2 nanosheets on the surfaces of holey ultrathin g-C 3 N 4 (HCN). • 8 wt% 1T-MoS 2 /HCN displays a high H 2 production rate of 2724.2 μmol−1 h−1 g−1 under simulated solar light illumination. • The underlying mechanism of improved photocatalytic performance based on 1T-MoS 2 /HCN is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to realize the low vibration design, variable leakage flux permanent magnet (VLF-PM) motor is investigated and purposefully optimized. Firstly, the variable flux characteristics of the VLF-PM motor are studied in detail. Then the electromagnetic vibration characteristics of the VLF-PM motor under different operating conditions are analyzed. On this basis, key electromagnetic force harmonics caused by the vibration at typical operating conditions and torque performances are selected to be optimized. By the adoption of multi-objective optimization, low radial electromagnetic force (REF) and high output torque can be achieved. Both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the reduced vibration design of LCF-PM motors, which provides a potential research path for the low vibration design of PM motors, especially multi-mode PM motors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of technologies such as big data and artificial intelligence, digital technology and finance are becoming increasingly intertwined. At present, digital finance has altered the competitive environment of commercial banks, and the traditional competitive edges in service scenarios and channels, customer information, and capital have been challenged. Based on perfect competition and technology spillover effects, this study attempted to measure the impact of digital finance on commercial banks' total factor productivity (TFP) and its mediating and moderating mechanisms. We have used the data envelopment analysis-based Malmquist productivity index to measure the total factor productivity of 132 commercial banks in China between 2011 and 2019. The results show that (a) digital finance significantly enhances the TFP of commercial banks; (b) risk taking partially mediates the relationship between digital finance and TFP. The study further tests the effect of the nature of property rights and the moderating effect of diversification. The findings suggest that digital finance significantly improves the TFP of non-state-owned commercial banks but has no significant effect on the TFP of state-owned commercial banks. Additionally, the implementation of diversification can strengthen the effect of digital finance on TFP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally, the accuracy stability of a precision motorized spindle unit is influenced by its structural thermal balance behaviors (power matching degree of spindle structural heat generation–dissipations). For the accurate analysis of this spindle heat transfer behaviors based on temperature detections, this paper describes a method constructed with the numerical simulation technology and a proposed genetic algorithm-extreme learning machine (GA-ELM) algorithm. Firstly, the heat–fluid–solid coupling FE transient model is established to simulate spindle thermal behaviors, determinations of its thermal loads/boundary conditions are initially based on empirical calculations. Secondly, according to spindle temperature detections, these initial values are applied to thermal simulations and corrected by GA to make simulated spindle temperatures gradually approach detections. Specially, ELM is adopted to estimate the functional relationships from the parent population to the child population generated by genetic operators with increasing fitness values, and the trained ELM model is utilized to ensure the GA faster convergence. Eventually, based on the corrected thermal load/boundary condition values and simulation results, the time-varying power matching conditions of spindle structural heat generation–dissipation are analyzed. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization and promotion of spindle structural design and coolant control strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional fast Fourier transform analysis is limited in conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) prediction for triangle current mode (TCM) based converters. Several prediction strategies based on EMI receiver modeling have been published for this issue, but the prediction range was below 1 MHz. Such a narrow frequency range cannot meet the demands of EMI prediction for MHz converter. In this article, a more accurate differential mode (DM) EMI prediction is proposed for MHz TCM-based single-phase inverter. The accurate drain-to-source voltage model considering the TCM resonant transition is established for different TCM-derived strategies at first. Passive components of the propagation path are also modeled with the measured impedance for more accurate transfer gain. An improved envelope detector model of the EMI receiver is proposed for an accurate quasi-peak spectrum. The prediction range can be extended to 5 MHz. Moreover, the EMI of TCM, hybrid triangle current mode, and sinusoidal triangle current mode are analyzed and compared with the established prediction strategy. The worst spectrum can be determined, and the DM filter can be designed without repetitive measurements. Finally, A 500 W MHz single-phase inverter prototype is built, and the evaluation of the measured conducted EMI spectrum and the EMI filter design can verify the theoretical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precision spraying can significantly reduce herbicide input for turf weed management. A major challenge for autonomous precision herbicide spraying is to accurately and reliably detect weeds growing in turf. Deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), an important artificial intelligent tool, demonstrated extraordinary capability to learn complex features from images. The feasibility of using DCNNs, including various image classification or object detection neural networks, has been investigated to detect weeds growing in turf. Due to the high level of performance of weed detection, DCNNs are suitable for the ground-based detection and discrimination of weeds growing in turf. However, reliable weed detection may be subject to the influence of weeds (e.g., biotypes, species, densities, and growth stages) and turf factors (e.g., turf quality, mowing height, and dormancy vs. non-dormancy). The present review article summarizes the previous research findings using DCNNs as the machine vision decision system of smart sprayers for precision herbicide spraying, with the aim of providing insights into future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) is one of the most common abdominal and pelvic radiation therapy complications. RIII seriously affects the treatment and prognosis of cancer patients, and there are no effective interventions. Radiation can cause intestinal tissue damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. We established an RIII mouse model by subjecting C57BL/6 mice to abdominal irradiation. Our results show that both pyroptosis and ferroptosis play a key role in RIII. VX-765 and Ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) can inhibit these two types of programmed cell death and ameliorate RIII, respectively. Activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway exacerbates the chemotaxis of inflammatory cells. In the present study, we hypothesized that the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway plays an important role in intestinal inflammatory injury. We demonstrated that the nuclear expression levels of the NF-κB subunit p65 increased after irradiation treatment. Reduced release of inflammatory factors and intestinal tissue damage was observed after pretreatment with pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium (PDTC). Moreover, after PDTC treatment, the indicators related to pyroptosis and ferroptosis were reversed. Collectively, these results suggest that the activation of the intestinal NF-κB signaling pathway may be associated with pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and subsequent intestinal injury after irradiation. • Mice were exposed to radiation causes intestinal inflammation injury. • Activation of pyroptosis and ferroptosis is involved in the intestinal damage after radiation treatment. • Inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway contributes to the attenuation of RIII by suppressing pyroptosis and ferroptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In previous studies, the numerical simulation models of industrial airbags were verified to have high accuracy regarding their actual dynamics. However, numerical methods were scarcely utilized to simulate and investigate the inflation height behaviors of nursing bed airbag. For this problem, this study constructs a numerical simulation model illustrating the association between the internal pressure and inflating height of nursing bed airbag, under various external loads. Firstly, based on an averaged pressure prerequisite, an airbag dynamic model is established by the control volume approach (the air inside the airbag follows the gas state equation of Poisson's law). Besides, the elastic mechanical behaviors of airbag film material are determined according to a material constitutive model built by the quasi-static uniaxial tensile test. The obtained data are used as the boundary conditions, for the numerical dynamics modeling of the nursing bed airbag. Verification experiments clarify that this numerical modeling is accurate for describing airbag inflation behaviors, and then can be effectively applied to the design and optimization phases of nursing bed airbags. Based on the simulation modeling above, the mathematical equation of controlling airbag inflating height by its internal pressure is obtained. It provides a vital basis for the differentiated and intelligent control of the airbag nursing bed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter analyzes the impact of hybrid voltage- and power-based synchronization control on the transient stability of grid-forming (GFM) inverters. It is found that the added voltage-based synchronization loop exploits the phase angle difference to resist frequency deviation, whose function is similar to the damper winding of synchronous generators. By resembling the large-signal model of such hybrid synchronization control (HSC) to the power-angle swing equation, it is proved that the HSC brings higher damping to the system and thus, enhances the transient stability of GFM inverters. Further, a comparative study of two active power controllers, i.e., the droop controller with a low-pass filter and the proportional-integral (PI) controller, is given. It is revealed that the HSC with the droop controller equivalently decreases the active power reference, which leads to better transient stability behavior than that of using the PI controller. The theoretical findings are corroborated by experimental tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the cost-utility of insulin degludec (IDeg) versus insulin glargine U100 (IGlar U100) and insulin glargine U300 (IGlar U300) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods From the perspective of health system, based on the IQVIA CORE diabetes model, the long-term medical costs and health outcomes of treatment with IDeg, IGlar U100 and IGlar U300 were calculated and an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis was performed. Health outcomes included life years and quality adjusted life year (QALY), and medical costs included drug cost, disease management cost and complication treatment cost. The price of insulin adopted the price of national volume-based procurement. The simulation model runs for 30 years at a discount rate of 5%. The robustness of the results was evaluated by one-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Results Compared with the IGlar U100 group, the quality of life in IDeg group was gained by 0.060 QALY, the direct medical cost was increased by RMB 158 Yuan, and the ICER was RMB 2 639 Yuan/QALY. Compared with the IGlar U300 group, the quality of life in IDeg group was gained by 0.085 QALY, the direct medical cost was reduced by RMB 1 402 Yuan. Sensitivity analysis verified the robustness of the results. Conclusions Compared with IGlar U100 and IGlar U300, IDeg was likely to be a cost-effective treatment in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of power semiconductor devices is helping to realize a low-carbon society and provide a better life for everyone. Power semiconductors not only are used in many large-scale industrial control fields such as power transmission and control in power grids, rail transit traction systems, and defense weapons and equipment, but also play a vital role in daily equipment such as home appliances, medical electronics, and electronic communications; all devices such as power steering in cars, battery chargers, cell phones, and microwave ovens utilize power electronics. This research mainly focuses on the high-voltage LDMOS device model and its implementation. Based on the in-depth study of the structure and physical mechanism of high-voltage LDMOS devices, with the help of BSIM4 core model, which is now very mature and widely used in industry, the drift region of high-voltage LDMOS is mainly modeled, and the drift region of LDMOS is modeled as a variable resistance controlled by voltage. Finally, Verilog-A language and neural network method are used to establish a compact model of LDMOS. The improved model is applied to LDMOS and can better fit the output characteristics with self-heating effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Real-time monitoring of seedling emergence is vital for vegetable crop management and yield estimation. Traditionally, crop seedling emergence monitoring relies on low-efficient and time-consuming manual counting. To address this issue, this research proposed an efficient, fast, and real-time cabbage seedling counting method (combining the improved YOLOv8n, tracking algorithm, and image processing) to accurately track cabbage seedlings in the field and implement counting with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The improved YOLOv8n replaced the C2f Block in the YOLO backbone with a Swin-conv block and incorporated ParNet attention modules in both the backbone and neck parts. This enhancement enables the YOLOv8n to surpass the base model's performance, achieving a mAP50–95 of 90.3 %, representing a 14.5 % improvement. The experiments demonstrated the superior capabilities of the counting method in terms of speed and accuracy. In field experiments, the proposed Tracking algorithms-Swin-conv blocks-ParNet attention-YOLOv8n (TSP-yolo) counting method demonstrated consistent and reliable accuracy in counting cabbage seedlings while demanding only one-seventh of the time needed compared to the manual counting method. In summary, based on TSP-yolo and implemented through an UAV, the developed seedling emergence counting method demonstrated an excellent capability of counting cabbage seedlings, resulting in significant savings in human resources for crop management. • This study effectively addressed the issue of crop seedling emergence monitoring. • The improved YOLOv8n showed superior performance for cabbage identification. • TSP-yolo-based real-time counting model achieved an impressive accuracy. • The proposed method can accurately monitor seedling densities or emergence rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Construction of a sugar-smoking model reaction to study the primary pathways of sugar-smoking pigment formation. • The primary source of 5-HMF was identified as fructose resulting from the cleavage of sucrose at 330 °C. • The primary pathway for the formation of 5-GGMF was attributed to the intermolecular dehydration of 5-HMF and glucose at 150 °C. • The 5-HMF-glucose model reaction product displayed stronger radical scavenging abilities. The present study aimed to elucidate the pathway of pigment formation and identify the source of antioxidant activity during sugar smoking. Building upon previous research, this investigation replicated the sucrose cleavage process involved in sugar-smoking through model reactions to obtain distinct model reaction products. The products were analyzed using various techniques such as ultraviolet–visible spectrometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The findings revealed that the pyrolysis of sucrose at 330 °C yielded glucose and fructose, with fructose pyrolysis producing significantly more 5-HMF than glucose. Moreover, the antioxidant capacity of 5-HMF was found to make a substantial contribution. The primary source of 5-HMF was identified as fructose resulting from the cleavage of sucrose at 330 °C, while the primary pathway for the formation of the sugar-smoking pigment 5-GGMF was attributed to the intermolecular dehydration of 5-HMF and glucose at 150 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a conditionally essential amino acid (CEAA), taurine plays an important role in the growth, development, and physiological metabolism of aquatic animals; however, its demand level in the mud crab Scylla paramamosain is still poorly understood. A 60-day growth trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different taurine levels (0% (T0.0), 0.2% (T0.2), 0.4% (T0.4), 0.8% (T0.8), and 1.6% (T1.6)) added to diet on the survival, growth, body composition, immunity, antioxidant and osmoregulatory capacity of early juvenile S. paramamosain (initial body weight 8.69 ± 0.19 mg). The results showed that dietary taurine levels >0.4% (inclusive) significantly increased the survival of early juvenile mud crabs. The growth performance (final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR)) of early juvenile mud crabs increased significantly with increasing dietary taurine levels, reaching a maximum in the T0.8 group, and the target of rapamycin (tor) gene transcription levels also peaked in the T0.8 group. The body composition of mud crabs was not affected by dietary treatments. Further, dietary taurine significantly increased digestive enzyme (trypsin, lipase, and amylase) activities and transcript levels of appetite-related genes (neuropeptide F1 (npf1) and neuropeptide F2 (npf2)) in early juvenile mud crabs. In addition, dietary taurine increased the expression levels of immune-related genes (prophenoloxidase (proPO), prophenoloxidase activating factor 1 (ppaf1), prophenoloxidase activating factor 2 (ppaf2), crustin antimicrobial peptide (crustin), lysozyme (lzm)) and antioxidant capacity (total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities) in early juvenile mud crabs. Finally, the results of the acute salinity challenge showed that the early juvenile mud crabs' survival in the T0.8 group was significantly higher than that of the other groups, while significantly higher Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity and Na+/K+-ATPase α-subunit (nka-α) and Na+/K+/2Cl−-cotransporter (nkcc) gene expression levels were also detected in the T0.8 group. Together with growth performance, immunity, antioxidant capacity and osmoregulatory capacity, the present study concluded that the appropriate dietary taurine level for early juvenile mud crabs was 1.08%–1.33%. [Display omitted] • The appropriate dietary taurine level for juvenile mud crabs was 1.08%–1.33%. • Dietary taurine above 0.4% significantly improved the survival of juvenile mud crabs. • Antioxidant capacity of mud crabs was significantly improved by 0.8% dietary taurine. • 0.8% dietary taurine significantly improved osmoregulation in juvenile mud crabs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naphthalene diimides (NDIs), a type of electron-deficient dye molecule with high quadrupole moment and excellent redox activity, have been utilized in various fields, such as energy transfer, chemical sensing, anion transport, and photo-/electrochromic materials. In this study, an electron-deficient metal–organic framework with one-dimensional channels, Eu2(BBNDI)3(DMF)2 (MOF 1) (H2BBNDI = N,N′-bis(3-benzoic acid)naphthalene diimide), was successfully constructed based on the naphthalene diimide derivative. Because of the generation of NDI radicals by electron transfer between components, this material exhibits fast-responsive reversible photochromic properties. Moreover, it shows high efficiency and selective oxidation of 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol to its quinone derivative, aldehyde, and dimeric or trimeric phenol derivative by controlling the reaction conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Embedded machine vision algorithm development platform is of great significance. Based on the elaboration of visual communication design, this paper further details the design of fractal visual art graphics based on computer-aided algorithms to design edge detection schemes, where edges represent sudden changes in the signal and are able to characterize the rich information of an image. In response to the problems of poor robustness and difficult parameter selection of the currently widely used edge detection algorithms, the platform encapsulates joint edge detection graphic components in a higher-order processing library to achieve the requirements of high-precision detection and to realise enhanced edge detection effects. Finally, the experimental analysis shows that the proposed algorithm has a more accurate detection effect and can meet the user's high-precision detection requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor microenvironment (TME), characterized by high glutathione (GSH), high hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and acidic pH levels, is favorable for the growth, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Taking advantage of the specific characteristics of tumors, TME-responsive GCBD NPs are designed to deliver nanoscale coordination polymers (NCPs, GA-Cu) and chemotherapy drugs (doxorubicin, DOX) based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanocarriers into cancer cells for combined chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and chemotherapy. In an acidic environment, GCBD NPs could release approximately 90% copper ions, which can not only consume overexpressed GSH to modulate the TME but can also react with endogenous H2O2 in a Fenton-like reaction to achieve the CDT effect. Meanwhile, the released DOX could enter the nucleus of tumor cells and affect their proliferation to achieve efficient chemotherapy. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that GCBD NPs had good biosafety and could effectively inhibit the growth of cancer cells. GCBD NPs are promising as a biocompatible nanoplatform to exploit TME characteristics for combined chemo and chemodynamic therapy, providing a novel strategy to eradicate tumors with high efficiency and specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Our purpose was to investigate the role of recombinant protein flagellin A N/C (FlaA N/C) protein-mediated pyroptosis inhibition and related miRNA in radiation protection.Methods and Materials: Mice received 10 Gy irradiation after FlaA N/C pretreatment, IRAK-1/4 Inhibitor I treatment, or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate treatment. Human intestinal epithelial cells (HIEC) received 10 Gy irradiation after FlaA N/C pretreatment, overexpressed miR-142a-3p with miR-142a-3p mimics, or inhibited miR-142a-3p with miR-142a-3p inhibitor. Mouse & Rat miRNA OneArray determined the change in relevant miRNA after FlaA N/C pretreatment; real-time polymerase chain reaction detected IRAK1 and miR-142a-3p expression; a CCK-8 assay evaluated cell viability; LDH release analyzed cytotoxicity; caspase-1 activity assay, interleukin-1β level, and flow cytometry analyzed pyroptosis in cells; hematoxylin-eosin staining evaluated the damage to intestinal tissue; CO-IP detected the inflammation activation; immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence analyzed activation of pyroptosis-related proteins and the activation of NF-kB signaling pathways; and luciferase reporter assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization detected the interaction between miR-142a-3p and IRAK1.Results: FlaA N/C reduced radiation-induced pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro, and miR-142a-3p expression increased after FlaA N/C pretreatment. Upregulating the expression of miR-142a-3p inhibited radiation-induced pyroptosis in HIEC, and downregulating the expression of miR-142a-3p led to radiation-induced pyroptosis in HIEC after FlaA N/C pretreatment. IRAK1 was a direct target of miR-142a-3p and played an important role in radiation-induced pyroptosis in HIEC. Inhibiting IRAK1 reduced radiation-mediated pyroptosis in mice intestines. miR-142a-3p downregulated IRAK1 and suppressed the NF-kB pathway. Inhibiting the NF-kB signaling pathway can reduce radiation-mediated pyroptosis in mice intestines.Conclusions: Our findings indicated this new radioprotectant protein regulates miR-142a-3p, effectively inhibiting radiation-induced pyroptosis mediated by the IRAK1/NF-κB signaling pathway in intestinal cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Golgi phosphoprotein-3 (GOLPH 3) is involved in the development of several human cancers. However, the clinical significance and biological role of GOLPH 3 in ovarian cancer (OC) remains unknown.Methods: The expression of GOLPH 3 in OC cell lines was quantified using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot assays. The role of GOLPH 3 in tumorigenicity, migration, and invasion of OC cell lines by small interference RNA, scratch wound-healing assays, and transwell assays was detected. In addition, western blotting was used to determine whether GOLPH 3 is associated with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Furthermore, RT-qPCR verified whether GOLPH 3 is associated with drug resistance.Results: GOLPH 3-positive expression rate was higher in OC. Downregulation of GOLPH 3 markedly inhibited the migration and invasion and may be related to the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway. Moreover, the result of the experiment proved that GOLPH 3 enhances the sensitivity of OC to cisplatin by regulating ATP7A/B. GOLPH 3 promoted the invasion and migration of OC, and the mechanism may be related to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. In addition, inhibition of GOLPH 3 increased the sensitivity of OC cells to cisplatin, which may be associated with ATP7A/B.Conclusion: This study found that GOLPH3 may promote the migration and invasion of OC cells through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. At the same time, low expression of GOLPH3 increased the sensitivity of OC cells to cisplatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being a critical factor affecting the motion accuracy of precision machine tools, structural thermal elongation of precision ball screw unit is generally caused by the comprehensive influence from heat generations of screw-nut pair/bearings and time-varying ambient temperature. To resist 2 thermal disturbances above to guarantee precisely the original length of screw shaft, an active coolant control strategy is proposed in this paper. This strategy is based on a premise hypothesis: For the slender and long tubular structure of screw shaft, the screw shaft temperature is approximately equal to its recirculating coolant temperature. The reason is that the intensive forced coolant convection is capable of eliminating screw shaft temperature rises caused by friction heat generations and ambient air convections. Based on this premise, screw coolant temperature can be consistently controlled by an active strategy, further to correct the thermal elongation of screw shaft. It can be experimentally verified that the thermal variations of machine positioning accuracy caused by the active coolant control strategy are not more than 10 μm, which are lower than traditional strategy. Besides, based on detected structural temperatures of precision ball screw unit, the theoretical model above is further proved to be reliable by FE simulation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed a flexible approach enabling the access to highly functionalized pyrroles under palladium or copper catalysis in the presence of BF3 ⋅ Et2O. This catalytic methodology utilizes commercially available amines as reaction partners, and features ample scope, scalable and friendly operations with the generation of only water as byproduct. The generality of this protocol is demonstrated by the successful preparation of a range of di‐, tri‐, tetra‐ and pentasubstituted pyrroles. This methodology is amenable for the synthesis and derivatization of bioactive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge transfer is a promising concept to achieve real-time decision-making for autonomous vehicles. This paper constructs a transfer deep reinforcement learning (RL) framework to transform the driving tasks in the intersection environments. The driving missions at the unsignalized intersection are cast into a left turn, right turn, and running straight for automated vehicles. The goal of the autonomous ego vehicle (AEV) is to drive through the intersection situation efficiently and safely. This objective promotes the studied vehicle to increase its speed and avoid crashing other vehicles. The decision-making policy learned from one driving task is transferred through three transfer rules in another driving mission and evaluated. Simulation results reveal that the decision-making strategies related to similar tasks are transferable and have a high success rate. It indicates that the presented control framework could reduce time consumption and realize online implementation. Therefore, the transfer RL concept is helpful for establishing the real-time decision-making policy for autonomous vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly chemoselective route to aryl methyl sulfones via an unexpected C–S bond formation between sulfonylhydrazides and dimethyl phosphite catalyzed by NaI under mild conditions has been established. This transformation provides an alternative and metal-free pathway to acquire various aryl methyl sulfones in good to excellent yields. Notably, dimethyl phosphite was employed as a stable and readily available alkyl source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the presence of a chiral spiro phosphoric acid catalyst, the asymmetric reaction of disubstituted ketenes with N–H pyrroles occurred to afford enantioenriched C-acylated pyrroles bearing α-stereogenic carbon centres. The described reaction constitutes a rare example of a catalytic asymmetric reaction of ketenes with carbon-based nucleophiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this report, an unexpected C−S bond transformation involving a high chemoselectivity between sulfonylhydrazides and dibenzyl phosphite catalyzed by NaI under mild conditions has been developed. This alternative protocol could provide a metal‐free route to access a diverse aryl‐benzyl sulfones in good to excellent yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a long time, code biases of global navigation satellite system (GNSSs) have been parameterized and presented in the differential mode, namely the commonly-known differential code biases (DCB). However, with the continuous modernization of the existing constellations and rapid developments of the new systems, various new frequencies and types of GNSS signals are emerging, which makes the traditional DCB mode less flexible and efficient to handle the new situations and challenges. Recently, code biases in observation-specific representation, which finally provides observation-specific biases (OSBs), turns out to be a good solution and is gradually accepted by the GNSS community, though existing products are generated based on routine procedures and few studies concentrate on the new methods. In view of it, this study aims to propose a rigorous, flexible and efficient approach of OSB estimation for the modernized multi-frequency and, multi-GNSS signals. To achieve this, instead of being-based on linear combinations of raw observations in the existing literature, an extended multi-frequency geometry-free model is first established based on undifferenced and uncombined observations, which can adapt to observations of arbitrary frequencies and types in a compatible and flexible way and is used to extract the various types of linear combinations of the interested OSBs. Then, regarding the previously-obtained linear combinations as virtual observables after station-based ionosphere modeling, all OSB parameters are setup and estimated in a single normal equation, during which a clear identification and elimination of the rank deficiencies in the linear system is carefully conducted by introducing different types of constraints. The proposed new method is validated with one month of real data to generate totally 32 types of OSBs for GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou, and QZSS. The estimated OSBs are compared with existing OSB and DCB products from other agencies. Results indicate that the proposed method can be used as a flexible and precise method for full-constellation and full-type OSB estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triazine derivatives, a class of electron-deficient π-conjugated molecules with high photochemical activity and excellent luminescent characteristics, have been utilized as a kind of electron-acceptor for the construction of molecular cages, luminescent and photochromic materials. In this paper, a novel and highly stable MOF with cubane-like clusters, [Co4(SO4)3(F)3(tpt)2(tatb)] (1) (tpt = 2,4,6-tris-(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine, H3tatb = 4,4′,4′′-(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl)tribenzoic acid), has been successfully synthesized based on a triazine derivative, and possesses unprecedented sulfate- and fluoride-bridged cubane-type tetranuclear cobalt clusters and a 3D + 3D → 3D open framework. Compound 1 shows a rather high BET surface area and exhibits excellent thermal stability and high chemical stability in common solvents and even in acidic or basic solutions (in a pH range from 4 to 12). Moreover, catalytic measurements show that compound 1 is an excellent heterogeneous catalyst for the selective oxidation of aryl alkenes to aldehydes or ketones with conversions of 97%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the prevalence of cadmium contamination and its serious hazards, it is important to establish an efficient and low-cost monitoring technique for the detection of the heavy metal cadmium. In this study, we first designed 30 cadmium whole-cell biosensors (WCBs) using different combinations of detection elements, reporting elements, and the host. The best performing WCB KT-5-R with Pseudomonas putida KT2440 as the host and composed of CadR and mCherry was selected for further analysis and engineering. In order to enhance its sensitivity, a positive feedback amplifier was added or the gene dosage of the reporter gene was increased. The WCB with the T7RNAP amplification module, p2T7RNAPmut-68, had the best performance and improved tolerance to cadmium with a detection limit of 0.01 μM, which is the WHO standard. It also showed excellent specificity toward cadmium when assayed with mixed metal ions. This study demonstrated the power of circuit engineering in WCB design and provided valuable insights for the development of other WCBs. Key points: • KT-5-R was selected after prescreening and engineered for better performance. • Using multi-copy reporters and the T7RNAP amplifier greatly improved the performance. • p2T7RNAPmut-68 had a detection limit of 0.01 μM and improved tolerance to cadmium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal molecule in plant physiological regulation, H2O2 maintains cellular homeostasis through concentration regulation. It is worth paying attention to the concentration imbalance of H2O2 caused by various stresses, resulting in programed cell death or even developmental arrest in plants. To accurately quantify alterations in H2O2 concentration induced by these stress factors, and deeply understand the H2O2‐related physiological processes, a highly efficient hybrid electrode material of thionine@Ti3C2Tx (Th@MXene) composite was developed. MXene nanosheets not only performed as carriers with high specific surface area for loading Th but also contributed to the enhancement of electrical conductivity. Meanwhile, Th was uniformly loaded on the MXene surface, facilitating electron transport from the analyte to the modified electrode. Under the optimal detection conditions, the sensing electrode (Th@MXene/GCE) was employed to quantify H2O2 through Square‐wave Voltammetry signals with a good linear relationship (correlation coefficient is 0.9997), and a wide calibration range of the sensor was 0.1 to 10,000 nM. Above all, the detection limit can be as low as 34 pM, demonstrating excellent sensitivity. Additionally, the sensor exhibited repeatability in real samples, demonstrating exceptional practicality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For thermal perception and control onto spindle bearings without spindle/bearing structural modifications for built-in thermal sensors, this paper proposes a thermal simulation speculation-based active coolant control strategy onto spindle bearings, for spindle accuracy guarantee. Firstly, numerical simulation technology is adopted to construct thermal collection of spindle bearings influenced by coolants. Secondly, this collection is utilized as the basis for ELM speculation modeling for bearing thermal behaviors. Eventually, the previous active coolant strategy is modified to be equipped with the model above for the speculation perception (according to the detectable spindle working parameters) and active control realization onto thermal behaviors of spindle bearings. It is verified by experiment and simulation that the thermal simulation speculation-based active coolant strategy is more advantageous than the previous strategy, in thermal stabilization and accuracy guarantee of motorized spindle unit. Besides, the power ratio between coolant heat dissipation and bearing heat generation is suggested to be 1.15:1 for a sufficient thermal balance of spindle bearings, which brings the design guidance onto cooling capacity/strategy of recirculation cooling equipment for motorized spindle unit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new cycloaddition reaction of quinone imine ketals (QIKs), which could be utilized to the construction of functionalized azaspirocyclics under mild conditions, is described. This transformation involved a [2+2] cycloaddition reaction between QIKs and allenoates catalyzed by DABCO, and then treatment with 1 N HCl in one-pot. The strategy could provide a practical route to access azetidine-fused spirohexadienones in good to excellent yields and with high E -selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Experimental tests address fire damage to the staggered segmental lining. • Fire severely damages fire surface of the lining. • Fire affects the mechanical properties of the lining in the fire and non-fire areas. • Joints are more susceptible to fire damage than segments. • Joint failure in the fire area leads to overall failure of the fire-damaged lining. Fire is a significant hazard to the safe operation of tunnels, causing extensive damage and deterioration to the lining. This research proposed a prototype test of a shield tunnel staggered segmental lining under stratum loads subjected to fire. The fire followed the ISO834 standard curve; the maximum temperature reached 1144.9 °C and lasted 195 min. The temperature evolution law of the lining is positively correlated with the distance from the fire source and negatively correlated with the depth of the lining. The fire surface of the lining undergoes severe cracking and peeling, accompanied by water seepage and water vapour escaping during the fire. The concrete spalled severely on the fire surface of the lining, the maximum depth and area reached 65 mm and 3.05 m2, respectively, and the reinforcement near the fire source was exposed after the fire. The mechanical behaviour of the entire lining was damaged by fire, and that in the fire area was more significant than that in the non-fire area, and the damage degree of the joint was more significant than the segment. Every mechanical parameter of the lining changes significantly during the firing process and only partially recovers during the cooling, with significant residual values. The ultimate bearing capacity of the lining after being damaged by fire was about two times the preset stratum load. And the failure characteristic of the lining damaged by fire was the plastic failure of the joints in the fire area. Specifically, in the fire area, there were numerous wide cracks, some joints were crushed, and some inner reinforcement yielded, while in the non-fire area, there were only a few micro-cracks on the segment and a few cracks on the joints. The research conclusions can also provide a reference for the post-disaster assessment of tunnel fire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare recessive disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism or ocular albinism, bleeding diathesis, and other symptoms such as colitis and pulmonary fibrosis. Eleven causative genes have been identified for HPS‐1–HPS‐11 subtypes in humans. We have identified 16 newly reported patients including the first HPS‐2 case in the Chinese population. In a total of 40 HPS patients, hypopigmentation was milder in HPS‐3, HPS‐5, and HPS‐6 patients than in HPS‐1 and HPS‐4 patients. HPS‐1 accounted for 47.5% (19 of 40) of HPS cases which is the most common subtype. Exons 11 and 19 were the hotspots of the HPS1 gene mutations. In total, 55 allelic variants were identified in HPS1–HPS6 gene, of which 17 variants were previously unreported. These results will be useful for the evaluation of the relationship between HPS genotypes and phenotypes, and for the precise intervention of HPS patients in the Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a three‐lane highway overtaking strategy for an automated vehicle, which is based on a heuristic planning reinforcement learning algorithm. The proposed decision‐making controller focuses on keeping the autonomous vehicle operating safely and efficiently. First, the modelling of the overtaking driving scenario is introduced and the reference approaches named intelligent driver model and minimise overall braking induced by lane changes are formulated. Second, the Dyna‐H algorithm, which combines the modified Q‐learning algorithm with a heuristic planning policy, is utilised for highway overtaking decision‐making. Three different heuristic strategies are formulated to improve learning efficiency and compare performance. This algorithm is applied to determine the lane change and speed selection for an ego vehicle in the environment with uncertainties. Finally, the performance of Dyna‐H is estimated in the autonomous overtaking scenario by comparing it with the reference and traditional learning methods. Furthermore, the Dyna‐H‐enabled decision‐making strategies are validated and analysed in an open‐sourcing driving dataset. Results prove that the proposed decision‐making strategy could produce superior performance in convergence rate and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X-ray is a form of ionizing radiation with high energy and strong tissue-penetrability, which has been widely used for cancer therapy, including radiation therapy (RT) as one of the mainstream cancer treatments and radiodynamic therapy (RDT) as an emerging treatment modality. However, the nonspecific absorption of X-ray and peculiar tumor microenvironment would lead to the unsatisfied therapeutic effect and severe damage to normal tissues. The fast progress of nanotechnology has provided great opportunities for the development of functional nanoparticles and strategies to solve these problems. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in functional nanomaterials and the related strategies, discuss how they solve the challenges in order to improve the therapeutic efficacy and safety of RT and RDT, and moreover comment on the challenges and prospects for efficient X-ray triggered cancer therapy based on nanomedicine. Image 1 • X-ray triggered cancer therapy based on nanomaterials, including radiation therapy and radiodynamic therapy was reviewed. • Functional nanomaterials and novel strategies to solve the challenges for RT and RDT were summarized and discussed. • The challenges and prospects for efficient X-ray triggered cancer therapy based on nanomedicine were concluded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly regio‐ and stereoselective oxyalkenylation of phosphinyl allenes is revealed for the first time. This protocol, merging visible light photoredox and palladium catalysis, provides a direct approach to conjugated tertiary allylic alcohol derivatives with broad functional group tolerance in moderate to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that, although two possible pathways exist in the transformation, radical oxyalkenylation promoted by visible light photoredox takes over the major pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]