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Abstract [Objective] The purpose of present study is to clarify the quantitative relationship between the hydraulic conductance of vine stem segments and temperature, and to explore the influence of nods on water transport efficiency and safety. [Methods] The water conductivity (K ), sapwood specific conductivity (Ks) and percent loss of conductivity (PLC) of internode and single-node stem segments of Vitis vinifera L.× V. labrusca L. were measured by low pressure flow meter method with the temperature range of 0.5-40 ℃, and the difference of water conductivity between the two segments were analyzed. [Results] The K and Ks of V. vinifera L.× V. labrusca L. stem segment had significant linear relationship with temperature. As temperature raised from 0.5 ℃ to 40 ℃, the initial conductivity, maximum conductivity, initial Ks and maximum Ks of internode stem increased 154%, 198%, 157% and 200%, respectively. The K and Ks values in internode stem segment were higher than those in single-node stem segment, and the difference increased with the increase of temperature. The PLC of internode stem segment was significantly greater than that of single-node stem segment, while the water conductivity and specific conductivity of single-node stem segment were less affected by temperature than that of internode stem segment. The linear regression equation could be used to predict the K and Ks values at different temperatures. As the K and Ks being tradeoff against the viscosity coefficient of the water at each temperature, it showed no significant difference among the tradeoff water conductivity (K') and sapwood specific conductivity (Ks') at different temperatures. [Conclusion] The K and Ks of V. vinifera L.× V. labrusca L. stem increased with the rise of temperature, and the node could tradeoff the efficiency and safety of the stem water transport.

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a prevalent haematological malignancy in which various immune and stromal cells in the bone marrow microenvironment have instrumental roles and substantially influence its progression. KIR2DL is a member of the immunoglobulin‐like receptor family and a natural killer (NK) cell surface‐specific receptor. However, its impact on immune infiltration regarding AML has not been addressed. We aimed to explore molecular markers associated with the immune microenvironment and prognosis of AML with a particular focus on KIR2DL family members. Analysis of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype‐Tissue Expression databases revealed that KIR2DL1, KIR2DL3 and KIR2DL4 expression were significantly upregulated in AML and associated with decreased overall survival (OS). Moreover, univariate Cox analysis implicated KIR2DL genes as independent prognostic markers of OS. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that KIR2DL genes were associated with immune cells, the immune microenvironment and NK cell‐mediated cytotoxicity. Additionally, immune infiltration analyses revealed that KIR2DL upregulation was associated with stronger immune infiltration. Finally, we performed drug sensitivity profiling of KIR2DL genes using the Cellminer database. Collectively, our findings suggest that KIR2DL1, KIR2DL3 and KIR2DL4 have critical roles in AML and may represent novel biomarker genes for disease prognosis and immune infiltration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study is to investigate the current status of knowledge, attitude and self‐reported practice in hospice care among nurses in Hainan, China, and then to analyse its influencing factors and mediating effects. This provides a basis for formulating scientific and standardized hospice care training programmes for nurses. Methods: This cross‐sectional study investigated knowledge, attitude and self‐reported practice in hospice care among 1819 nurses in Hainan, China. Convenience sampling was used to select participants from 45 hospitals and nursing homes in 14 cities and counties from October to December 2021. A scale of knowledge, attitude and self‐reported practice of healthcare providers in hospice care (Chinese version) was administered to collect data during the study period. Statistical analyses, including t‐tests, one‐way ANOVA, post‐hoc analysis and multiple linear regression, assessed the status of knowledge, attitude and self‐reported practice of hospice care in nurses and identified influencing factors. The PROCESS macro program model 4.0 was employed to explore the mediating effect of attitude on knowledge and self‐reported practice in hospice care. Results: Nurses in Hainan displayed low knowledge (mean = 7.68, SD = 3.53), moderate attitudes (mean = 88.13, SD = 12.10) and self‐reported practice (mean = 51.81, SD = 9.82) in hospice care. Current employment and willingness to engage in hospice care were significant factors influencing knowledge, attitude and self‐reported practice in hospice care. Attitude partially mediated the relationship between knowledge and self‐reported practice. Patient or Public Contribution: This study focuses on nurses' knowledge, attitude and self‐reported practice in hospice care and does not directly involve patients or the public. However, the findings enhance hospice care provided to patients and the broader community by improving nurses' knowledge and skills. This study informs evidence‐based training programmes and interventions, benefiting those in need of hospice care services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pension funds are crucial in supporting environmentally sustainable and socially responsible investments. This paper focuses on an essential product of pension funds, target date funds (TDFs), constructing its portfolio model that considers environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investment. Our model utilizes the mean–variance–skewness–kurtosis optimization framework and accounts for the time‐varying relationship between realized higher moments and subsequent TDFs performance. A cardinality constraint is included to prevent over‐diversification and reduce costs, controlling the number of constituent funds in the TDFs. Since the model is multiobjective, we transform it into a single‐objective optimization through the investment manager's preferences. The numerical experiments represent the most suitable time‐varying higher moment strategy for the Chinese market and demonstrate the model's applicability to managers prioritizing risk over returns, which resonates well with the conservative investment of pension funds. We prove that controlling the number of constituent funds with cardinality constraint is advantageous for improving TDFs' performance. By selecting ESG funds as underlying assets, we highlight that green TDFs have better long‐term performance in terms of higher moment risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]