Search

Land use change has always been a significant factor affecting global carbon emissions. Dissecting the characteristics of territorial space evolution and its impact on carbon emissions is crucial for developing low-carbon-oriented territorial space optimization and governance strategies. This paper calculates the carbon emissions associated with territorial spaces in Qingdao from 2000 to 2020, utilizing land use data alongside various statistical data. Based on the accounting results, the evolution characteristics of territorial spaces and their corresponding carbon emissions, as well as the carbon transition dynamics resulting from space transfer, are analyzed. A carbon transition decomposition formula is then proposed to quantify the differential and spatially heterogeneous impacts of changes in space types and socio-economic development on emissions. The results indicate that: (1) the evolution of territorial spaces in Qingdao during 2000–2020 is characterized by an expansion of living space and a contraction of production and ecological spaces; (2) net carbon emissions rose from 313.98 × 104 tons to 1068.58 × 104 tons, with urban production space contributing the most (69.96% in 2020) due to its significantly high emission density. The spatial distribution of carbon emissions exhibited a stable "northwest–southeast" pattern, with increased dispersion and weakened directionality; (3) the transformation of territorial spaces promoted carbon emissions in Qingdao, with the conversion of urban production space to other uses yielding the most favorable carbon transitions, while the expropriation of agricultural production spaces for urban production and residents' living has resulted in the most detrimental carbon transitions; (4) socio-economic development shapes the overarching pattern of regional emission density changes, whereas space transfers account for local variations. This paper also identifies priorities for spatial optimization and key sectors for emission reduction. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the carbon emission consequences of territorial space transformation in Qingdao, thereby providing valuable insights for regional spatial planning and optimization aimed at promoting low-carbon development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The avulsion fracture of tibial insertion of anterior cruciate ligament needs to be operated and fixed as early as possible. At present, the open reduction (absorbable screw, hollow scnew, steel wire, and titanium cable) is commonly used in the clinical treatment plan for internal fixation, which is more traumatic and has many postoperative complications. Arthroscopic reduction and elastic (suture) internal fixation of anterior cruciate ligament fracture has the advantages of minimally invasive, clear surgical field, high fixation accuracy, few complications, good fracture reduction and healing, meeting the biomechanical requirements, and allowing rapid recovery of joint function, but also has the disadvantages of insufficient strength, and osteotomy. OBJECTIVE: To compare the treatment efficacy of arthroscopic technique with Fiber Tape circular fixation and open reduction and fixation for the avulsion fracture of tibial insertion of anterior cruciate ligament. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with tibial eminence fracture at Department of Orthopedics of Shanghai China Metallurgical Hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were enrolled. All patients signed the informed consents and the study was approved by the Ethics Committee. The patients were divided into two groups based on surgical methods: minimally invasive group (n=17, arthroscopic reduction and Fiber Tape circular fixation) and open group (n=15, open reduction and hollow tension screw fixation). The operation time, blood loss, and postoperative complications were recorded. The range of motion of knee joint, Lysholm score, and International Knee Documenting Committee score before operation, 1 and 6 months after surgery were recorded. X-ray film was used to evaluate fracture healing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All patients were followed up for 6-13 months. (2) There were no significant differences in age composition, fracture type, cause of injury or preoperative score between two groups. (3) X-ray film showed satisfactory fracture reduction after operation. There were no neurological, vascular injury or fracture displacement after surgery. The fractures healed well after 6 months. (4) There was no significant difference in the operation time and postoperative complications between two groups. The blood loss showed significant difference between two groups (P=0.036). (5) The range of motion of knee joint at postoperative 1 month in both groups was significantly larger than that at baseline (P < 0.05). The range of motion of knee joint at postoperative 6 months was significantly larger than that at postoperative 1 month (P < 0.05). The range of motion of knee joint at postoperative 1 and 6 months in the minimally invasive group was significantly larger than that in the open group (P < 0.05). (6) The Lysholm and International Knee Documenting Committee scores at postoperative 1 month in both groups were significantly higher than those at baseline (P < 0.05). The scores at postoperative 6 months were significantly higher than those at postoperative 1 month (P < 0.05). The scores at postoperative 1 and 6 months in the minimally invasive group were significantly higher than those in the open group (P < 0.05). (7) These findings suggest that the patients in both groups after undergoing surgical methods had restored motion of range with time going. Compared with open fixation, arthroscopic reduction and Fiber Tape circular fixation for treating tibial eminence fracture has less blood loss, less trauma, shorter recovery time and higher functional recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]