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Background: Adolescents' psychological stress has become an important problem. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are proven to be effective in school settings in the Western world, and so expanding MBIs further is a particularly important consideration. Objective: This study addresses the effectiveness of MBI in reducing psychological stress in Chinese school settings and the mediating role of resilience between trait mindfulness and psychological stress. Methods: This study conducts a cluster randomized controlled trial. Ninety-two middle school students in the experimental group received 10 weeks of MBI, with 10 sessions of a mindfulness course, while 97 students in the control group followed their regular school program without intervention. Results: Psychological stress, trait mindfulness, and psychological resilience were measured by the Psycho-Somatic-Tension-Relaxation Inventory (PSTRI), Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA). The results showed that (1) compared with the pretest scores of the experimental group, and the pre- and post-test scores of the control group, the post-test scores of trait mindfulness and psychological resilience in the experimental group were significantly increased, while psychological stress was significantly decreased. (2) Trait mindfulness was positively associated with psychological resilience. Trait mindfulness and psychological resilience were negatively associated with psychological stress. (3) The mediating effect of psychological resilience accounted for 43.58% of the overall effect of trait mindfulness on psychological stress. Conclusions: These findings provide encouraging evidence for MBI's effectiveness in reducing adolescents' psychological stress and the possible mediating role of psychological resilience; thus, MBI is worthy of expanding to Chinese school settings.

Author(s): Xianhua Liu [sup.1] , Rulan Xiao [sup.1] , Fanggui Tang [sup.1] , Siwei Wu [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412101.7, 0000 0001 0377 7868, College of Educational Science, Hengyang Normal [...], College students are most susceptible to highest-risk of health risk behaviors (HRBs) in China. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have shown significant benefit in specific HRB; however, evidence of its effectiveness in multiple HRBs in college students is limited. The current study aimed to address the effectiveness of the Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) on trait mindfulness and multiple HRBs among general Chinese undergraduates, and the relationship between trait mindfulness and HRBs. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in a Chinese university from April to June 2016. A total of 164 enrolled participants were randomized to no intervention (n = 82), or MBCT (n = 82). The outcomes were measured by the Adolescent Health Related Risky Behavior Inventory (AHRBI) and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Data were analyzed with intent-to-treat analysis and per-protocol analysis.The results yielded significant group by pre-post interaction terms for the trait mindfulness facets (P < 0.01) and the HRBs (P < 0.05), the MBCT group changed more than the control group. The five types of HRB measures had significant inverse correlation with the five facets of the trait mindfulness measures (r = -0.50 ~ -0.16, P < 0.05). The structural model of the intervention effect of MBCT on HRBs mediated by trait mindfulness was well-fitted (P < 0.01).The findings suggests that MBI has beneficial effects in both improving trait mindfulness and reducing multiple HRBs, and the improvement of trait mindfulness can effectively decreases the risks of HRBs.

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a cluster of chronic idiopathic inflammatory disorders situated at the nexus of intricate interplays. The primary aim of the present investigation is to perform an umbrella review of metaanalyses, systematically offering a comprehensive overview of the evidence concerning risk factors for IBD. Methods: To achieve this, we searched reputable databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, from inception through April 2023. Two authors independently assessed the methodological quality of each metaanalysis using the AMSTAR tool and adhered to evidence classification criteria. Results: In total, we extracted 191 unique risk factors in meta-analyses, including 92 significantly associated risk factors. The top ten risk factors were human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, IBD family history, periodontal disease, poliomyelitis, campylobacter species infection, hidradenitis suppurativa, psoriasis, use of proton pump inhibitors, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and western dietary pattern. Discussion: In conclusion, this umbrella review extracted 62 risk factors and 30 protective factors, most of which were related to underlying diseases, personal lifestyle and environmental factors. The findings in this paper help to develop better prevention and treatment measures to reduce the incidence of IBD, delay its progression, and reduce the burden of IBD-related disease worldwide. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ , identifier CRD42023417175. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is an important indicator of the degree of organic pollution in water bodies. Traditional methods for BOD5 determination, although widely used, are complicated and dependent on accurate chemical measurements of dissolved oxygen. The aim of this study was to propose a facile method for predicting biochemical oxygen demand by fluorescence signals using three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis in combination with a machine learning algorithm. The water samples were incubated for five days using the national standard method, during which the dissolved oxygen contents and three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy data were measured at eight-hour intervals. The maximum fluorescence intensity of three fluorescence components was decomposed and extracted by parallel factor analysis. The relationship between the maximum fluorescence of the three fluorescence components and the BOD5 values was established using a random forest model. The results showed that there was a good correlation between the fluorescence components and BOD values. The BOD5 values were effectively predicted by the random forest model with a high goodness of fit (R2 = 0.878) and low mean square error (MSE = 0.28). Although this method did not shorten the incubation time, successful BOD5 prediction was realized by the non-contact measurement of fluorescence signals. This avoids the complicated operation of DO determination, improves detection efficiency, and provides a convenient solution for analyzing large quantities of water samples and monitoring facile water quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibrous SiO2-TiO2 (FST) is one of the most promising materials for advancing photoelectrochemical water-splitting technology due to its cost-effectiveness and environmental friendliness. However, FST faces intrinsic limitations, including its low conductivity and wide bandgap. In this study, significant progress was made in modifying FST to overcome some of these limitations. This work involved synthesizing a new photoanode made of Ag-doped FST utilizing the microemulsion process. The Ag-doped FST was characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis, DRS, N2 adsorption–desorption, FESEM, TEM, and XPS. The results confirmed the formation of a continuous concentric lamellar structure with a large surface area. The addition of Ag species into the FST matrix caused interactions that reduced the bandgap. The Ag-doped FST photoanode exhibited an impressive photocurrent density of 13.98 mA/cm2 at 1.2 V (vs. RHE). This photocurrent density was notably higher than that of FST photoanodes, which was 11.65 mA/cm2 at 1.2 V (vs. RHE). Furthermore, the conduction band of Ag-doped FST is positioned closer to the reduction potential of hydrogen compared to that of FST, SiO2, and TiO2, facilitating rapid charge transfer and enabling the spontaneous generation of H2. The fabrication of Ag-doped FST provides valuable insights into the development of high-performance photoanodes for PEC water splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The control of initial support roughness is crucial to the structural waterproofing, durability, and safety of the drilling and blasting tunnel. The existing manual-based measurement methods and evaluation systems have many shortcomings in terms of efficiency, coverage, accuracy, and reliability, which make it difficult to achieve comprehensive measurement, precise quantification, and reliable evaluation of the initial support roughness. In view of this, this paper proposes a method for measuring the deviation of the initial support surface based on terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technology, which achieves the automated measurement of the longitudinal and circumferential roughness characteristics of the initial support. Through the comparison experiment, it is demonstrated that the deviation measurement method proposed in the paper shows high accuracy, with an average error of 5.4 mm, which is much better than the current criteria and meets the measurement accuracy requirement of tunnel projects. On this basis, we propose a system for quantifying and evaluating the initial support roughness. This paper proposes indicators such as the root-mean square of the deviation (Drms), the skewness of the deviation (Dsk), and the kurtosis of the deviation (Dku) to quantify the roughness from three dimensions, such as the amplitude of the deviation, the degree of surface inclination, and the sharpness of the wave peaks, respectively, which significantly improves the accuracy, comprehensiveness, and richness of the roughness evaluation. Finally, a three-dimensional model of the initial support surface with a color-coded map was used to visualize the multidimensional roughness of the different inspection areas and to accurately locate areas of poor roughness level in the construction coordinate system. The aforementioned work is of great help in identifying, evaluating, locating, and treating initial support surface distresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]