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In the past, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was recognized as a toxic and dangerous gas; in recent years, with increased research, we have discovered that H2S can act as an endogenous regulatory transmitter. In mammals, H2S‐catalyzing enzymes, such as cystathionine‐β‐synthase, cystathionine‐γ‐lyase, and 3‐mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, are differentially expressed in a variety of tissues and affect a variety of biological functions, such as transcriptional and posttranslational modification of genes, activation of signaling pathways in the cell, and metabolic processes in tissues, by producing H2S. Various preclinical studies have shown that H2S affects physiological and pathological processes in the body. However, a detailed systematic summary of these roles in health and disease is lacking. Therefore, this review provides a thorough overview of the physiological roles of H2S in different systems and the diseases associated with disorders of H2S metabolism, such as ischemia–reperfusion injury, hypertension, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Meanwhile, this paper also introduces H2S donors and novel release modes, as well as the latest preclinical experimental results, aiming to provide researchers with new ideas to discover new diagnostic targets and therapeutic options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a standard procedure for degenerative diseases of the cervical spine, providing nerve decompression and spinal stabilization. However, it limits cervical spine motility, restricts fused segment activity, and may lead to adjacent degeneration. Cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) is an accepted alternative that preserves the structure and flexibility of the cervical spine. This study aimed to explore the dynamic changes in the range of motion (ROM) of the cervical spine after CDA using a viscoelastic artificial disc, as well as the factors affecting mobility restoration. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 132 patients who underwent single-level anterior cervical discectomy and CDA from January 2015 to June 2022. Result: Analysis of data from 132 patients revealed a significant improvement in clinical outcomes. The mean ROM of C2–C7 and functional spinal unit (FSU) segments significantly increased from 2 to 36 months post-operatively. Cervical spine flexibility was preserved and enhanced after prosthesis implantation. However, it took six months for the cervical spine motility to stabilize. In addition, sex and age were found to impact motility restoration, with female and younger patients exhibiting larger ROMs post-surgery. Additionally, CDA at the C5–C6 level resulted in the greatest increase in ROM, potentially improving overall kinematic ability. Conclusions: Single-segment artificial disc arthroplasty effectively restores the ROM in degenerative cervical spine conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we isolated and characterized HSP70 cDNA from pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes). The 3053 bp full-length TrHSP70 sequence consisted of a 167 bp 5′-UTR (untranslated region), a 2535 bp open reading frame, and a 351 bp 3′-UTR. BLAST analysis revealed that the TrHSP70 shared high similarity with HSP70 sequences in other species. In our study, we set 3 experimental groups as H1 group (20 °C), H2 group (24 °C), and H3 group (28 °C) for checking the expression level of TrHSP70 in T. rubripes. Tissue-specific gene expression results showed that TrHSP70 had higher expression in the intestines than other tissues of the T. rubripes by RT-qPCR. In the experimental group, we found that the expression of TrHSP70 was upregulated in different tissues in the H3 group. The results show that TrHSP70 is a constitutively expressed gene, which plays an important role in maintaining normal physiological function and coping with stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hariama island arc granitoids are outcropped in Gongpoquan island arc belt of Beishan orogenic belt, including diorite, quartz diorite, plagiogranite, tonalite and so on, associated with the arc volcanic rocks of Ordovician-Silurian Gongpoquan Formation. The LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating results indicate that the diorite (430.9±4.7 Ma) and tonalite (452.5±3.2 Ma) were formed in the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian. The petrogeochemical analysis results show that the granitoids belong to calc-alkaline, quasialuminous-weakly peraluminous I-type, with the Mg# value of 44.58-51.85, Rb/Sr ratio of 0.025-0.282, Nb/Ta ratio of 0.068-14.01 and Zr/Hf ratio of 13.05-34.00. The √REE+Y is 59.87x10-6-118.56x10-6. The right-dipping chondrite-normalized REE distribution curves reflect the LREE is enriched, with (La/Yb)N of 3.11-23.86 and unobvious Eu anomaly. The primitive mantle-normalized trace element spidergram reveals the enrichment of LILEs (Rb, Ba, Th, U and K) and medium incompatible elements (Ce, La and Hf), and depletion of HFSEs (Nb, Ta, P and Ti), with the characteristics of island arc granite, indicating the crust magma is mixed with magma from deep depleted mantle. Combined with other geological and geochemical evidences, it is considered that Hariama granitoids were formed in island arc setting, which is the result of northward subduction of Hongliuhe-Niujuanzi-Xichanging paleo-ocean basin. The subduction began in the late Late Ordovician at the latest, and the ocean basin should be closed later than the Early Silurian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Takifugu rubripes and Dicentrarchus labrax are important commercial fish in China that are under serious threat from Cryptocaryon irritans. C. irritans is a ciliated obligate parasite that causes marine white spot disease and leads to heavy economic losses. We analysed the transcriptome in the gills of T. rubripes and D. labrax to compare differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and pathways during infection with C. irritans. In total, we identified 6,901 and 35,736 DEGs from T. rubripes and D. labrax, respectively. All DEGs were annotated into GO terms; 6,901 DEGs from T. rubripes were assigned into 991 sub‐categories, and 35,736 DEGs from D. labrax were assigned into 8,517 sub‐categories. We mapped DEGs to the KEGG database and obtained 153 and 350 KEGG signalling pathways from T. rubripes and D. labrax, respectively. Immune‐related categories included Toll‐like receptors, MAPK, lysosome, C‐type lectin receptor and NOD‐like receptor signalling pathways were significantly enriched pathways. In immune‐related signalling pathways, we found that AP‐1, P38, IL‐1β, HSP90 and PLA were significantly up‐regulated DEGs in T. rubripes, but P38 and PLA were significantly down‐regulated in D. labrax. In this study, transcriptome was used to analyse the difference between scaly and non‐scaly fish infection by C. irritans, which not only provided a theoretical basis for the infection mechanism of C. irritans, but also laid a foundation for effectively inhibiting the occurrence of this disease. Our work provides further insight into the immune response of host resistance to C. irritans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]