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Online teacher professional development (OTPD) opportunities are made available to teachers and draw increasing research attention. As the key characteristics of teachers' participation in OTPD, the frequency and quality of participation are increasingly concerned. However, the relationship between teacher participation frequency and participation quality is still unclear. Addressing this problem not only helps reveal teachers' participation patterns in OTPD, but also provides support for promoting teachers' online professional learning and improving OTPD organization and management. To identify teachers' participation patterns and the relationship between participation frequency and participation quality in OTPD, this study analyzed 5,064 log records of 415 teachers using lag sequential analysis, t-test, and Chi-square test. The findings indicated that teachers preferred shallow participation behaviors, such as sharing resources and experience, and seldom carried out deep participation/engagement behaviors (e.g., proposing knowledge topics, establishing teaching and research practices). Teachers with higher participation frequency had lower participation quality in OTPD and tended to repeat shallow participation behaviors. Finally, the study proposed some suggestions for better supporting teachers' participation in online professional development, such as strengthening the links between information sharing activities, knowledge construction activities, and teaching and research practices.

Teacher information literacy is an important aspect of teachers' professional development and is affected by the school environment. From the perspective of principals, this study discusses the impact of principals' information leadership (PIL), organizational climate (OC), and ICT implementation strategies (IMS) on teachers' information literacy (TIL) and further analyzes the complex system of TIL and the relationship between these factors. Through chain intermediary analysis, this study shows that teachers' information literacy is not only directly affected by their principals' information leadership but also indirectly affected by the chain intermediary effect of organizational climate and ICT implementation strategies. It provides insights into how to cultivate teachers' information literacy in the school system and puts forward some optimization paths to create the best conditions for improving teachers' information literacy.

Objective: The structure of CLPS1 (polysaccharide fraction 1 of Codonopsis lanceolata) was determined to provide a basis for the study of polysaccharide activity of C. lanceolata and the development of natural plant polysaccharides. Methods: After extraction, separation, and purification, the separation component CLPS1 was determined by gas chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, and methylation analysis to determine the structure of CLPS1. Results: The specific rotation of CLPS1 is +44°, the content of the total polysaccharide is 97.6%, the uronic acid of CLPS1 is 13.18%, and the molecular weight of CLPS1 is 91.7. The monosaccharide component of CLPS1 contains Ara, Gal, Glc, GalA, The molar ratio is 2.7∶3.4∶2.3∶1.1∶0.5. Chemical composition and structure of polysaccharide CLPS1 was studied by infrared spectrum, NMR, partial hydrolysis with acid degradation, Smith, methylation and GC-MS. The results showed that monosaccharide compositions of CLPS1 contained GluA and pyranose, while pyranose included both α-pyranoside and β-pyranoside in structure. The backbone was composed of Ara and Gal, the brancd with Gal and the terminal residues of backbone with Glu. Branch point of Gal residues is linked by Glc (1→4，6); Gal (1→3，6); Gal contains 1→,1→3,1→4,1→6,1→3,6; Gal contains 1→, 1→3, 1→4, 1→6, 1→3, 6; Glc contains 1→,1→4,1→4,6; Ara contains 1→5; Galacturonic acid 1→3. Conclusion: CLPS1 is a complex acidic polysaccharide. The structure analysis of C. lanceolata polysaccharides is the basis for studying the structure-activity relationship of C. lanceolata polysaccharides, which is of great significance for understanding the biological activity and mechanism of C. lanceolata polysaccharides.

Objective. Pharmacokinetic parametric images obtained through dynamic fluorescence molecular tomography (DFMT) has ability of capturing dynamic changes in fluorescence concentration, thereby providing three-dimensional metabolic information for applications in biological research and drug development. However, data processing of DFMT is time-consuming, involves a vast amount of data, and the problem itself is ill-posed, which significantly limits the application of pharmacokinetic parametric images reconstruction. In this study, group sparse-based Taylor expansion method is proposed to address these problems. Approach. Firstly, Taylor expansion framework is introduced to reduce time and computational cost. Secondly, group sparsity based on structural prior is introduced to improve reconstruction accuracy. Thirdly, alternating iterative solution based on accelerated gradient descent algorithm is introduced to solve the problem. Main results. Numerical simulation and in vivo experimental results demonstrate that, in comparison to existing methods, the proposed approach significantly enhances reconstruction speed without a degradation of quality, particularly when confronted with background fluorescence interference from other organs. Significance. Our research greatly reduces time and computational cost, providing strong support for real-time monitoring of liver metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the conservation of resources theory, this study integrates the positive and negative aspects of the impact of servant leadership behaviors in the hospitality industry on leaders themselves. Using leaders’ and followers’ paired data from 346 employees nested in 101 teams and analyzed using path regression methods. The results reveal that servant leadership behaviors were positively related to the leader’s ego depletion, and the leader’s ego depletion was positively associated with the leader’s intention to leave. Servant leadership behaviors were positively related to leaders’ perceived work meaningfulness, and followers’ agreeableness significantly moderated the relationship between servant leadership behaviors and leaders’ ego depletion and the relationship between servant leadership behaviors and leaders’ perceived work meaningfulness. These findings broaden our understanding of the effects of servant leadership behaviors and provide new ideas on how to intervene in the negative effects of servant leadership behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]