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The formation of angulon, stemming from the rotor (molecule or impurity), rotating in the quantum many-body field, adds a new member to the quasi-particles' family and has aroused intense interest in multiple research fields. However, the analysis of the coupling strength between the rotor and its hosting environment remains a challenging task, both in theory and experiment. Here, we develop the all-coupling theory of the angulon by introducing a unitary transformation, where the renormalization of the rotational constants for different molecules in the helium nanodroplets is reproduced, getting excellent agreement with the experimental data collected during the past decades. Moreover, the strength of molecule-helium coupling and the effective radius of the solvation shell co-rotating along with the molecular rotor could be estimated qualitatively. This model not only provides significant enlightenment for analyzing the rotational spectroscopy of molecules in the phononic environment, but also provides a new method to study the transfer of the phonon angular momentum in the angulon frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt substitution for manganese sites in Na0.44MnO2 initiates a dynamic structural evolution process, yielding a composite cathode material comprising intergrown P2 and P3 phases. The novel P2/P3 composite cathode exhibits a reversible phase transition process during Na+ extraction/insertion, showcasing its attractive battery performance in sodium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Pulmonary papillary adenoma is an extremely rare benign tumor. It is derived from type II lung cells and club cells, suggesting that it may originate from stem cells with two-way differentiation. Only one case has been reported with FGFR2-IIIb overexpression. Methods: Two cases of pulmonary papillary adenoma with available data on clinical features, histological morphology, immunophenotype and molecular characteristics were analyzed. Results: Both tumors were well-circumscribed unencapsulated nodules composed of papillary structures with fibrovascular cores lined by a single layer of cuboidal or columnar epithelium without necrosis, nuclear atypia and mitoses, or invasion. But malignant transformation features include complex branching structures and significantly enlarged, irregular, and crowded malignant cells in one case. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were strongly positive for TTF1, NapsinA, EMA and CK7 and negative for CEA and P63, with a low Ki-67 proliferation index. The EGFR somatic mutation exon19:c.2236_2256delinsATC (p.E746_S752delinsI) was found in one case by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology. Conclusion: Pulmonary papillary adenoma is very rare. Virtually all papillary adenomas are clinically silent and discovered incidentally. They are benign tumors, and resection is curative. An EGFR 19 exon deletion mutation in a patient with this tumor type was detected for the first time by NGS, and our results suggest that the malignant transformation of pulmonary papillary adenoma may be mediated by EGFR mutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radish exhibits significant variation in color, particularly in sprouts, leaves, petals, fleshy roots, and other tissues, displaying a range of hues such as green, white, red, purple, and black. Although extensive research has been conducted on the color variation of radish, the underlying mechanism behind the variation in radish flower color remains unclear. To date, there is a lack of comprehensive research investigating the variation mechanism of radish sprouts, leaves, fleshy roots, and flower organs. This study aims to address this gap by utilizing transcriptome sequencing to acquire transcriptome data for white and purple radish flowers. Additionally, the published transcriptome data of sprouts, leaves, and fleshy roots were incorporated to conduct a systematic analysis of the regulatory mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in these four radish tissues. The comparative transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes DFR, UGT78D2, TT12 and CPC in the four radish tissues. Additionally, the WGCNA results identified RsDFR.9c and RsUGT78D2.2c as hub genes responsible for regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. By integrating the findings from the comparative transcriptome analysis, WGCNA, and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway-related gene expression patterns, it is hypothesized that genes RsDFR.9c and RsUGT78D2.2c may serve as pivotal regulators of anthocyanins in the four radish tissues. Furthermore, the tissue-specific expression of the four copies of RsPAP1 is deemed crucial in governing anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation. Our results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis and accumulation in different tissues of radish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Overdose-related suicide attempts represent a significant portion of self-harm presentations in the psychiatric emergency department (ED). Identifying specific patient characteristics associated with these attempts holds promise for pinpointing drug classes with elevated risk and paving the way for tailored suicide prevention interventions. This study aims to examine the demographic profiles of ED patients who had experienced overdose-related suicide attempts. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 2020 to December 2021. Patients with psychiatric drug overdose suicide attempts presenting to the psychiatric ED were included. Sociodemographic characteristics and the specific classes of drugs involved were collected, and analysed descriptively. Results: This study examined 252 overdose patients, excluding 51 patients treated with alcohol or nonpsychiatric drugs, and a total 201 cases were included. The mean age of the patients was 28 ± 16 years (median 23, range 12–78), and 82% (n = 165) of the sample were females. Notably, nearly half (45%) of the patients were aged ≤ 20 years. While the number of cases decreased with increasing age, a significant increase was observed in 2021 compared to 2020. Benzodiazepines (BZDs) were the most frequently implicated substance class (n = 126, 63%), followed by antidepressants (n = 96, 48%), antipsychotics (n = 44, 22%), Z-drugs (n = 43, 21%), and mood stabilizers (n = 36, 18%). For adolescents, antidepressants (n = 52, 71%) overtook BZDs (n = 38, 52%) as the most common drug. The monthly distribution of cases revealed peaks in April and November. Furthermore, 21% (n = 42) of patients ingested more than two psychotropic medications concurrently. Finally, approximately half (n = 92) of the patients required inpatient admission for further treatment. Comparisons between hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients did not reveal any significant differences. Conclusions: The present study revealed a greater prevalence of suicide overdose attempts among young females receiving prescriptions for antidepressants and/or BZDs. This finding suggests a potential need for enhanced monitoring of suicidal behaviour in this specific population when prescribing psychotropic medications. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge regarding drug overdose suicide attempts in psychiatric emergency settings and underscore the importance of further research to develop targeted prevention interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT:Twenty 3-acyloxymaltol/ethyl maltol derivatives (7a-j and 8a-j) were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their anti-oomycete activity against Phytophthora capsici, respectively. Among all of twenty derivatives, more than half of the compounds 7f, 7h, 8a-h and 8j had anti-oomycete activity higher than the positive control zoxamide (EC50 = 22.23 mg/L), and the EC50 values of 18.66, 20.32, 12.80, 16.18, 10.59, 14.98, 16.80, 10.36, 15.32, 12.64, and 13.59 mg/L, respectively. Especially, compounds 8c and 8f exhibited the best anti-oomycete activity against P. capsici with EC50 values of 10.59 and 10.36 mg/L, respectively. Overall, hydroxyl group of maltol/ethyl maltol is important active modification site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

University nursing students have been shown to experience psychological stress. A mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) may be a helpful tool for stress management. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a MBI on improving mindfulness and reducing perceived stress in nursing students. A quasi-experimental study was conducted between July 2021 and February 2022. The intervention group participated in an 8-week mindfulness awareness course, which included 50 min of training and practice in mindfulness meditation techniques each week. Over the same 8 weeks, the control group watched a 50-min film each week. The mindful attention awareness scale (MAAS) and perceived stress scale (PSS) were administered before the intervention, intervention completion, and 2 and 6 months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using t test and generalized estimating equation. Overall, that the MBI showed a substantial effect on felt stress in comparison to the control group. When compared to the control group, the MBI showed a substantial impact on trait mindfulness. The MBI was beneficial for nursing students and could be considered a viable approach in nursing education to enhance mental wellbeing. It could be an effective method of relieving stress in a high-stress population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical reactions, in which bonds break and form, are highly dynamic quantum processes. A fundamental question is whether coherence can be preserved in chemical reactions and then harnessed to generate entangled products. Here we investigated this question by studying the 2KRb → K2 + Rb2 reaction at 500 nanokelvins, focusing on the nuclear spin degrees of freedom. We prepared the initial nuclear spins in KRb (potassium-rubidium) in an entangled state by lowering the magnetic field to where the spin-spin interaction dominates and characterized the preserved coherence in nuclear spin wave function after the reaction. We observed an interference pattern that is consistent with full coherence at the end of the reaction, suggesting that entanglement prepared within the reactants could be redistributed through the atom-exchange process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism that alters gene expression without changing DNA sequence, is essential for organism development and key biological processes like genomic imprinting and X‐chromosome inactivation. Despite tremendous efforts in DNA methylation research, accurate quantification of cytosine methylation remains a challenge. Here, a single‐base methylation quantification approach is introduced by weighting methylation of consecutive CpG sites (Wemics) in genomic regions. Wemics quantification of DNA methylation better predicts its regulatory impact on gene transcription and identifies differentially methylated regions (DMRs) with more biological relevance. Most Wemics‐quantified DMRs in lung cancer are epigenetically conserved and recurrently occurred in other primary cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and their aberrant alterations can serve as promising pan‐cancer diagnostic markers. It is further revealed that these detected DMRs are enriched in transcription factor (TF) binding motifs, and methylation of these TF binding motifs and TF expression synergistically regulate target gene expression. Using Wemics on epigenomic‐transcriptomic data from the large lung cancer cohort, a dozen novel genes with oncogenic potential are discovered that are upregulated by hypomethylation but overlooked by other quantification methods. These findings increase the understanding of the epigenetic mechanism by which DNA methylation regulates gene expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Biopolymer based water‐in‐oil‐in‐water double (W1/O/W2) emulsion systems comprise a complex emulsion system that might be affected by several factors and the status at multiple phases. The present study investigated the physicochemical properties of W1/O/W2 double emulsions with inner W1 phase incorporated with various polysaccharides and the outer phase stabilized by whey protein isolate (WPI). Six different polysaccharides were selected as co‐emulsifiers in the inner phase, and their effects on morphology, droplet size, zeta potential and rheology properties were evaluated. Furthermore, the impact of WPI/polysaccharide concentration and pH on the physicochemical properties and storage stability of the emulsions was compared.Emulsions with an inner phase incorporated with xanthan gum and carrageenan exhibited better stability than others. Increasing the concentration of WPI enhanced the overall stability of the double emulsion, although it compromised the integrity of the internal W1/O interface. On the other hand, a 1.0% concentration of polysaccharide, specifically when carrageenan is used, slowed down droplet floating and coagulation. An acidic external aqueous phase (pH 4) led to larger and more uniform particle size distributions, as well as enhanced stability. The lower pH decreased the viscosity and delayed molecular exchange in the oil phase, thereby preserving the structure of the double emulsion.These findings contribute to a better understanding of the factors influencing the stability and properties of W1/O/W2 double emulsions with addition of anionic polysaccharides in the inner water phase. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasonic testing is widely used for defect detection in polymer composites owing to advantages such as fast processing speed, simple operation, high reliability, and real-time monitoring. However, defect information in ultrasound images is not easily detectable because of the influence of ultrasound echoes and noise. In this study, a stable three-dimensional deep convolutional autoencoder (3D-DCA) was developed to identify defects in polymer composites. Through 3D convolutional operations, it can synchronously learn the spatiotemporal properties of the data volume. Subsequently, the depth receptive field (RF) of the hidden layer in the autoencoder maps the defect information to the original depth location, thereby mitigating the effects of the defect surface and bottom echoes. In addition, a dual-layer encoder was designed to improve the hidden layer visualization results. Consequently, the size, shape, and depth of the defects can be accurately determined. The feasibility of the method was demonstrated through its application to defect detection in carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lakes of Jianghan Plain, as an important component of the water bodies in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plain, have made significant contributions to maintaining the ecological health and promoting the sustainable development of the Jianghan Plain. However, there is a relatively limited understanding regarding the trends of lake area change for different types of lakes and their dominant factors over the past three decades in the Jianghan Plain. Based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, combined with the water body index method, the changes in area of three different types of lakes (area > 1 km2) in the Jianghan Lake Group from 1990 to 2020 were extracted and analyzed. Additionally, the Partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was utilized to analyze the driving factors affecting the changes in water body area of these lakes. The results show that from 1990 to 2020, the area of the lakes of the wet season and level season exhibited a decreasing trend, decreasing by 893.1 km2 and 77.9 km2, respectively. However, the area of dry season lakes increased by 59.27 km2. The areas of all three types of lakes reached their minimum values in 2006. According to the PLS-SEM results, the continuous changes in the lakes' area are mainly controlled by environmental factors overall. Furthermore, human factors mainly influence the mutation of the lakes' area. This study achieved precise extraction of water body areas and accurate analysis of driving factors, providing a basis for a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic changes in the lakes of Jianghan Plain, which is beneficial for the rational utilization and protection of water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinoa is a nutrient‐dense pseudocereal that has garnered global attention for its potential to bolster food security and nutrition. Despite its celebrated status, the detailed nutritional profiles of various quinoa varieties remain poorly understood, which poses a significant barrier to the strategic cultivation and utilization of quinoa's genetic diversity to combat malnutrition. The impetus for this research lies in the urgent need to identify superior quinoa strains that can be tailored to meet specific nutritional requirements and adapt to diverse agro‐ecological zones. Our findings reveal substantial variation in nutrient content across different quinoa varieties, highlighting the variety ZLZX‐8 as a particularly nutrient‐rich strain with the highest levels of protein, fat, essential fatty acids, amino acids, and key minerals such as Mg, K, and Zn. Moreover, ZLZX‐8's exceptional antioxidant capacity suggests it may have additional health benefits beyond its macronutrient profile. In contrast, ZLZX‐7 stands out for its dietary fiber and phenolic content, which are critical for digestive health and disease prevention, respectively. Meanwhile, ZLZX‐5, with its high starch content, could be better suited for energy production in dietary applications. Notably, the study also uncovers a correlation between grain color and nutrient profile, with colored quinoa varieties exhibiting superior fiber, inositol, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity compared to their white counterparts. This work lays the groundwork for an informed selection of quinoa varieties that can enhance dietary quality, support local and global food systems, and contribute to the fight against malnutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As living standards rise, more and more people are paying attention to their own health, especially issues such as cerebral thrombosis, cerebral infarction, and other cerebral blood flow problems. An accurate simulation of blood flow within cerebral vessels has emerged as a crucial area of research. In this study, we focus on microcirculatory blood flow in ischemic brain tissue and employ a 0D‐1D geometric multi‐scale coupled model to characterize this process. Given the intricate nature of human cerebral vessels, we apply a numerical method combining the finite element method and the third‐order Runge–Kutta method to resolve the coupled model. To enhance computational efficiency, we introduce a fast method based on the reduced‐order extrapolation algorithm. Our numerical example underscores the stability of the method and convergence accuracy to Oh3+τ3, while significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of blood flow simulation, making the mechanism analysis more accurate. Additionally, we present examples detailing variations and distribution of intracranial pressure and blood flow in ischemic brain tissue throughout a cardiac cycle. Both reduced vascular compliance and vascular stenosis can have adverse effects on intracranial cerebral pressure and blood flow, leading to insufficient local oxygen supply and negative effects on brain function. Meanwhile, there will also be corresponding changes in volume flow and pulsatile blood pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Short- and long-term complications of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) involving pregnancies and offspring warrant the development of an effective individualized risk prediction model to reduce and prevent GDM together with its associated co-morbidities. The aim is to use machine learning (ML) algorithms to study data gathered throughout the first trimester in order to predict GDM. Methods: Two independent cohorts with forty-five features gathered through first trimester were included. We constructed prediction models based on three different algorithms and traditional logistic regression, and deployed additional two ensemble algorithms to identify the importance of individual features. Results: 4799 and 2795 pregnancies were included in the Xinhua Hospital Chongming branch (XHCM) and the Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital (SPNPH) cohorts, respectively. Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) predicted GDM with moderate performance (the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) = 0.75) at pregnancy initiation and good-to-excellent performance (AUC = 0.99) at the end of the first trimester in the XHCM cohort. The trained XGBoost showed moderate performance in the SPNPH cohort (AUC = 0.83). The top predictive features for GDM diagnosis were pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal abdominal circumference at pregnancy initiation, and FPG and HbA1c at the end of the first trimester. Conclusion: Our work demonstrated that ML models based on the data gathered throughout the first trimester achieved moderate performance in the external validation cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic reconnection occurs ubiquitously in the universe and is often invoked to explain fast energy release and particle acceleration in high-energy astrophysics. The study of relativistic magnetic reconnection in the magnetically dominated regime has surged over the past two decades, revealing the physics of fast magnetic reconnection and nonthermal particle acceleration. Here we review these recent progresses, including the magnetohydrodynamic and collisionless reconnection dynamics as well as particle energization. The insights in astrophysical reconnection strongly connect to the development of magnetic reconnection in other areas, and further communication is greatly desired. We also provide a summary and discussion of key physics processes and frontier problems, toward a better understanding of the roles of magnetic reconnection in high-energy astrophysics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visualization influences the collaborative design process and design thinking (DT) education outcomes. Accordingly, digital visual collaborative learning (DVCL) technology has great potential to facilitate students' remote collaborative design experiences. This study investigates the fitness of DVCL for DT learning activities and the factors influencing students' continued use of the technology with a model integrating technology acceptance model (TAM) and design task-technology fit (DTTF). The research findings demonstrate that the perceived usefulness of the technology is the primary direct factor influencing the continuance intention toward the technology. In addition, the DTTF mediated by perceived usefulness and ease of use significantly affected the intention to continue using the technology. The visual characteristics of the technology influenced the DTTF in the collaborative design environment. This study highlights visualization as a critical feature of collaborative learning in DT education and provides implications from both theoretical and practical perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) are efficiently differentiated into sensory neurons. These cells express the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7, which is a validated pain target. NaV1.7 deficiency leads to pain insensitivity, whereas NaV1.7 gain-of-function mutants are associated with chronic pain. During differentiation, the sensory neurons start spontaneous action potential firing around day 22, with increasing firing rate until day 40. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to generate a HA-tag NaV1.7 to follow its expression during differentiation. We used two protocols to generate sensory neurons: the classical small molecule approach and a directed differentiation methodology and assessed surface NaV1.7 expression by Airyscan high-resolution microscopy. Our results show that maturation of at least 49 days is necessary to observe robust NaV1.7 surface expression in both protocols. Electric activity of the sensory neurons precedes NaV1.7 surface expression. A clinically effective NaV1.7 blocker is still missing, and we expect this iPS cell model system to be useful for drug discovery and disease modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous hematological malignancy. Cytarabine (Ara-C)-based chemotherapy is the primary treatment for AML, but currently known prognostic risk stratification factors cannot fully explain the individual differences in outcome of patients. In this article, we reported that patients with homozygous GLI1 rs2228224 mutation (AA genotype) had a significantly lower complete remission rate than those with GG wild type (54.17% vs.76.02%, OR = 1.993, 95% CI: 1.062–3.504, P = 0.031). GLI1 rs2229300 T allele carriers had remarkably shorter overall survival (513 vs. 645 days, P = 0.004) and disease-free survival (342 vs. 456 days, P = 0.033) than rs2229300 GG carriers. Rs2229300 G > T variation increased the transcriptional activity of GLI1. CCND1, CD44 and PROM1 were potential target genes differentially regulated by GLI1 rs2229300. Our results demonstrated for the first time that GLI1 polymorphisms influence chemosensitivity and prognosis of young de novo AML patients treated with Ara-C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prenatal depression, associated with adverse effects on mothers and fetuses, has received little attention. We conducted a large-sample study to investigate the risk factors of, and develop a predictive model for, prenatal depression in the Chinese population. This study enrolled 14,329 pregnant women who delivered at the West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2017 to December 2020. Participants were divided into a training or validation cohort. Multiple variables were collected and selected using univariate logistic regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator penalty regression. After multivariate logistic analysis, a predictive model was developed and validated internally and externally. Nine variables (employment, planned pregnancy, pregnancy number, conception methods, gestational diabetes mellitus, twin pregnancy, placenta previa, umbilical cord encirclement, and educational attainment) were identified as independent risk factors for prenatal depression. Receiver operating characteristic curves in both the training and validation cohorts showed excellent discrimination of the predictive model (the area under the curve: 0.746 and 0.732, respectively). The results of this retrospective study may be affected by confounding and information bias. Some important variables were excluded, such as family history of mental disorders. The study was conducted in China; its results may not be generalizable to other regions. Our study identified nine significant risk factors for prenatal depression and constructed an accurate predictive model. This model could be applied as a clinical decision aid for individualized risk estimates and prevention of prenatal depression. • Prenatal depression can adversely affect mothers and fetuses. • The study enrolled 14,329 pregnant women who delivered at a single center in China. • Nine unique risk factors for prenatal depression were identified from 50 variables. • An accurate predictive model was constructed for prenatal depression. • Clinicians can use the predictive model for early screening of prenatal depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Discrepancies in the utilization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) between cancer cells and their normal counterparts constitute a pivotal juncture for the precise treatment of cancer, delineating a noteworthy trajectory in the field of targeted therapies. This phenomenon is particularly conspicuous in the domain of nano-drug precision treatment. Despite substantial strides in employing nanoparticles to disrupt ROS for cancer therapy, current strategies continue to grapple with challenges pertaining to efficacy and specificity. One of the primary hurdles lies in the elevated levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH). Presently, predominant methods to mitigate intracellular GSH involve inhibiting its synthesis or promoting GSH efflux. However, a conspicuous gap remains in the absence of a strategy capable of directly and efficiently clearing GSH. Methods: We initially elucidated the chemical mechanism underpinning oridonin, a diminutive pharmacological agent demonstrated to perturb reactive oxygen species, through its covalent interaction with glutathione. Subsequently, we employed the incorporation of maleimide-liposomes, renowned for their capacity to disrupt the ROS delivery system, to ameliorate the drug's water solubility and pharmacokinetics, thereby enhancing its ROS-disruptive efficacy. In a pursuit to further refine the targeting for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), we harnessed the maleic imide and thiol reaction mechanism, facilitating the coupling of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) peptides to the liposomes' surface via maleic imide. This strategic approach offers a novel method for the precise removal of GSH, and its enhancement endeavors are directed towards fortifying the precision and efficacy of the drug's impact on AML targets. Results: We demonstrated that this peptide-liposome-small molecule machinery targets AML and consequently induces cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo through three disparate mechanisms: (I) Oridonin, as a Michael acceptor molecule, inhibits GSH function through covalent bonding, triggering an initial imbalance of oxidative stress. (II) Maleimide further induces GSH exhaustion, aggravating redox imbalance as a complementary augment with oridonin. (III) Peptide targets TLR2, enhances the directivity and enrichment of oridonin within AML cells. Conclusion: The rationally designed nanocomplex provides a ROS drug enhancement and targeted delivery platform, representing a potential solution by disrupting redox balance for AML therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world's first oral nuclear export inhibitor, selinexor is increasingly being used in clinical applications for malignant tumors. However, there is no extensive exploration on selinexor's adverse events (ADEs), necessitating a real-word assessment of its clinical medication safety. FAERS data (July 2019–June 2023) were searched for selinexor ADE reports across all indications. Use the system organ class (SOC) and preferred terms (PT) from the medical dictionary for regulatory activities (MedDRA) to describe, categorize, and statistic ADEs. Disproportionality analysis was employed through calculation of reporting odds ratio (ROR) and proportional reporting ratio (PRR). Based on total of 4392 selinexor related ADE reports as the primary suspect (PS), of which 2595 instances were severe outcomes. The predominant ADEs included gastrointestinal disorders, myelosuppression symptoms, and various nonspecific manifestations. 124 signals associated with selinexor ADE were detected, and 10 of these top 15 signals were not included into the instructions. Our study provides real-world evidence regarding the drug safety of selinexor, which is crucial for clinicians to safeguard patients’ health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia and its incidence increases with sepsis. However, data on new-onset AF during sepsis hospitalization remain limited in China. We aimed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and associated mortality of new-onset AF in sepsis patients in China. We conducted a retrospective study using the National Data Center for Medical Service system, from 1923 tertiary and 2363 secondary hospitals from 31 provinces in China from 2017 to 2019.In total we included 1,425,055 sepsis patients ≥ 18 years without prior AF. The incidence of new-onset AF was 1.49%. Older age, male sex, hypertension, heart failure, coronary disease, valvular disease, and mechanical ventilation were independent risk factor. New-onset AF was associated with a slight increased risk of mortality (adjusted RR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.06). Population attributable fraction suggested AF accounted for 0.2% of sepsis deaths. In this large nationwide cohort, new-onset AF occurred in 1.49% of sepsis admissions and was associated with a small mortality increase. Further research should examine whether optimized AF management can improve sepsis outcomes in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C26H21NO3S, triclinic, P 1 ‾ $\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 11.7598(11) Å, b = 12.7434(12) Å, c = 17.0020(16) Å, α = 104.146(3)°, β = 103.926(3)°, γ = 102.322(3)°, V = 2295.5(4) Å3, Z = 4, R gt (F) = 0.0453, wR ref (F2) = 0.1320, T = 293 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, enantioselective electrocatalysis has surfaced as an increasingly‐effective platform for sustainable molecular synthesis. Despite indisputable progress, strategies that allow the control of two distinct stereogenic elements with high selectivity remain elusive. In contrast, we, herein, describe electrochemical cobalt‐catalyzed C−H activations that enable the installation of chiral stereogenic centers along with a chiral axis with high levels of enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities. The developed electrocatalysis strategy allowed for C−H/N−H activations/annulations with cyclic and non‐cyclic alkenes providing expedient access to various central as well as atropo‐chiral dihydroisoquinolinones paired to the valuable hydrogen evolution reaction. Studies on the atropo‐stability of the obtained compounds demonstrated that the exceedingly mild conditions ensured by the electrocatalytic process were key for the achieved high stereoselectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the diagnostic performance of targeted biopsy (TB) combined with regional systematic biopsy (RSB) in patients with different Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) and histologic zones for prostate lesions. Methods: This retrospective study included 1301 patients who underwent multiparametric MRI followed by combined MRI/US fusion-guided TB+systematic biopsy (SB) between January 2019 and October 2022. RSB was defined as the four perilesional SB cores adjacent to an MRI-positive lesion. Cancer detection rates were calculated for TB + SB, TB, SB, and TB + RSB, while the McNemar test was utilized for multiple comparisons among them. Subgroup analyses were performed based on different Pl-RADS and histologic zones. Results: Of 1301 included participants (median age, 68 years; interquartile range, 63–74 years), 16,104 total biopsy cores were performed. TB + RSB detected clinically significant prostate cancer in 70.9% (922/1301) of patients, which was significantly higher than TB (67.4%, p < 0.001) or SB (67.5%, p < 0.001) but similar to TB + SB (71.0%, p = 0.50). Compared with TB + SB, TB + RSB required fewer median biopsy cores (6.3 vs. 12.4, p < 0.001) and had a higher proportion of positive cores (56.3% vs. 39.0%, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that TB had outstanding sensitivity for detecting PI-RADS 5 lesions in the PZ. Conclusions: Compared with TB + SB, TB + RSB achieved a similar clinically significant prostate cancer detection rate while requiring fewer biopsy cores and exhibiting higher diagnostic efficiency. Critical relevance statement: For MRI-positive prostate lesions, targeted biopsy combined with regional systematic biopsy could serve as an alternative diagnostic approach to targeted biopsy combined with systematic biopsy. Key Points: The scheme of prostate biopsy needs to be optimized. Regional systematic biopsy decreases the total number of cores taken. Targeted biopsies combined with regional systematic biopsies improve prostate diagnostic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) holds significant importance in the early diagnosis of cancer. However, current methods are hindered by limited accessibility and specificity. This study proposes a rapid and convenient Cas12a-based assay for the direct detection of CEA in clinical serum samples, aiming to address these limitations. The protocol involves a rolling machine operation, followed by a 5-min Cas12a-mediated cleavage process. The assay demonstrates the capability to detect human serum with high anti-interference performance and a detection limit as low as 0.2 ng/mL. The entire testing procedure can be accomplished in 75 min without centrifugation steps, and successfully reduced the limit of detection of traditional DNA walking machine by 50 folds. Overall, the testing procedure can be easily implemented in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the factors influencing the willingness of older cancer patients to receive palliative care, considering the ‘person-centered’ approach to advance care planning in Taiwan. Autonomy challenges are prevalent among these patients. The retrospective study, conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital in southern Taiwan from June 2020 to December 2022, included 195 eligible older cancer patients. Logistic regression was utilized to analyze factors influencing their willingness for palliative care. The optimal logistic regression analysis identified five key factors associated with receiving palliative care: age (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.20–0.92), educational level (OR, 2.82; 95% CI, 1.27–6.25), metastatic disease (OR, 4.62; 95% CI, 2.08–10.27), hospice and palliative care knowledge (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.11–1.57), and attitude (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.12–1.33). The findings suggest that younger, more educated patients with metastatic disease, higher knowledge of hospice and palliative care, and positive attitudes toward these services were more likely to receive palliative care. Patients’ awareness of hospice and palliative care, attitudes shaped by such awareness, and disease status significantly influenced their willingness to undergo palliative care. This highlights the increasing vulnerability of older cancer patients to decision-making challenges as their illness progresses, emphasizing the importance of initiating conversations about advance care planning early on. Healthcare practitioners are urged to actively advocate for these discussions, particularly considering the decline in decision-making capacity as the disease advances. Future research should focus on empowering individuals in making end-of-life care choices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐organic framework (MOF) membranes, which are recognized as state‐of‐the‐art platforms applied in various separation processes, have attracted widespread attention. Nonetheless, to overcome the trade‐off between permeability and selectivity, which is crucial for achieving efficient separation, it is important to rationally design and manipulate MOF membrane structure. Given remarkable advances in the past decade, a timely summary of recent advancement in this field has become indispensable. This review introduces major strategies for fabricating oriented MOF membranes, including in situ growth, contra‐diffusion method, interface‐assisted approach, and laminated nanosheet assembly. New insights into their updated progress and potential are elucidated. Of particular note, recent development and emerging applications of oriented MOF membranes, illustrating their potential to address environmental and energy challenges, are highlighted. Finally, remaining challenges facing their bath production and practical applications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the medical field, computed tomography (CT) is a commonly used examination method, but the radiation generated increases the risk of illness in patients. Therefore, low-dose scanning schemes have attracted attention, in which noise reduction is essential. We propose a purposeful and interpretable decomposition iterative network (DISN) for low-dose CT denoising. This method aims to make the network design interpretable and improve the fidelity of details, rather than blindly designing or using deep CNN architecture. The experiment is trained and tested on multiple data sets. The results show that the DISN method can restore the low-dose CT image structure and improve the diagnostic performance when the image details are limited. Compared with other algorithms, DISN has better quantitative and visual performance, and has potential clinical application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease of the exocrine glands with no specific or efficient treatments. Melatonin, a natural hormone, is revealed to show multiple biological functions, both receptor-dependent and independent effects, including anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the potential mechanism by which melatonin protects salivary glands (SGs) of pSS from damage needs to be clarified. The purpose of current study was to explore the role and receptor-related mechanisms of melatonin in pSS-induced glandular damage. NOD/Ltj mice were used to spontaneously mimic pSS-induced glandular hypofunction in vivo and primary human salivary gland epithelial (HSGE) cells were stimulated by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) to mimic pSS-induced inflammation in SGs cells in vitro. Melatonin-treated mice exhibited a significant reduction in SG injury of NOD/Ltj mice, which was accompanied by an increase in salivary flow rate, a decrease in inflammatory infiltration within the gland, and a suppression of oxidative stress indicators as well as cell apoptosis. Notably, both melatonin membrane receptors and nuclear receptors played an important role in the anti-apoptotic effects of melatonin on the SGs of NOD/Ltj mice. Furthermore, melatonin blocked the IL-6/STAT3 pathway through receptor-dependent manners in IFN-γ-stimulated HSGE cells. However, it was evident that the anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties of melatonin on IFN-γ-stimulated HSGE cells were diminished by IL-6 treatment. Melatonin had the potential to mitigate inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in SGs of pSS by inhibiting the IL-6/STAT3 pathway through receptor-dependent mechanisms. This intervention effectively prevented glandular damage and preserved functional integrity. [Display omitted] • Melatonin improved SG function and alleviated lymphocytic infiltration of SG in NOD mice. • Melatonin regulated expression and distribution of AQP5 in SGs of NOD mice, which might be the results of reduced cytokines. • Melatonin exerted protective effects on SGs of NOD mice by inhibiting IL-6/STAT3 pathway through receptor-dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies have confirmed that osteoporosis has been considered as one of the complications of diabetes, and the health hazards to patients are more obvious. This study is mainly based on the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database (TNHID). Through the analysis of TNHID, it is shown that the combined treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) medicine in patients of diabetes with osteoporosis (T2DOP) with lower related risks. Methods: According to the study design, 3131 patients selected from TNHID who received TCM treatment were matched by 1-fold propensity score according to gender, age, and inclusion date as the control group. Cox proportional hazards analyzes were performed to compare fracture surgery, hospitalization, and all-cause mortality during a mean follow-up from 2000 to 2015. Results: A total of 1055/1469/715 subjects (16.85%/23.46%/11.42%) had fracture surgery/inpatient/all-cause mortality of which 433/624/318 (13.83%/19.93%/10.16%) were in the TCM group) and 622/845/397 (19.87%/26.99%/12.68%) in the control group. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that subjects in the TCM group had lower rates of fracture surgery, inpatient and all-cause mortality (adjusted HR = 0.467; 95% CI = 0.225–0.680, P<0.001; adjusted HR = 0.556; 95% CI = 0.330–0.751, P<0.001; adjusted HR = 0.704; 95% CI = 0.476–0.923, P = 0.012). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cumulative risk of fracture surgery, inpatient and all-cause mortality was significantly different between the case and control groups (all log-rank p<0.001). Conclusion: This study provides longitudinal evidence through a cohort study of the value of integrated TCM for T2DOP. More research is needed to fully understand the clinical significance of these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A crucial requirement of augmented reality head‐up displays (AR‐HUDs) is continuously adjustable virtual image distance (VID), which allows adaptation to various depths in road environments and thereby avoids visual fatigue. However, usual varifocal components for near‐eye displays are unavailable because AR‐HUDs require the varifocal component's aperture to be larger than 10 cm. This study considers the Alvarez lenses, which change the optical power by in‐plane sliding two freeform lenses. Under the paraxial assumption, classic Alvarez lenses can create a quadratic wavefront profile, but the large aperture and extensive diopter variation range required by AR‐HUDs lead to significant aberrations. Thus, the classic paraxial Alvarez lens design is extended by co‐optimizing Alvarez lenses with high‐order surface profiles and a primary freeform mirror. Therefore, a novel varifocal AR‐HUD containing Alvarez lenses with apertures larger than 15 cm is proposed. The AR‐HUD generates a varifocal plane whose VID can be continuously adjusted between 2.5 and 7.5 m, and another focal plane with a fixed VID at 7.5 m. In addition, merely one display panel is used for compactness. Finally, an AR‐HUD prototype with a reduced volume of 9.8 L was built. The expected varifocal performance and qualified imaging quality were experimentally verified through the field of view, VID, and image sharpness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) technology has attracted more and more attention in the field of medical imaging because of the reduction of radiation damage to the human body. However, the large amount of quantum noise contained in LDCT images can affect physicians' judgment. To solve the problem of large amounts of quantum noise and artifacts in LDCT images, a convolutional neural network denoising model based on cartoon texture decomposition of images (CATCNN) is developed in this study based on deep learning. The model first uses a U-Net-based image decomposition sub-network to decompose LDCT images into cartoon images and texture images. The texture images are then denoised using a texture denoising sub-network based on edge protection and Efficient Channel Attention, finally, cartoon images are summed with the denoised texture images to obtain images with improved quality. Our experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model outperforms existing technologies, achieving a peak signal-to-noise ratio value of 33.4666 dB and a structural similarity value of 0.9193. The visual and quantitative evaluation results suggest that the CATCNN model effectively improves the quality of LDCT images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and salicylic acid (SA) are essential signaling molecules in plant cells that participate in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Changes in ROS and SA signals during interactions between pear and the pear scab pathogen Venturia nashicola remain unclear. Herein, we analyzed the roles of ROS in the signal transduction pathway of pear scab resistance using the highly resistant Huangguan and susceptible Xuehua cultivars of pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd). Protoplasts, calluses, and leaves were obtained from 14-year-old pear trees and treated with V. nashicola for different periods. The results showed that ROS rapidly accumulated in protoplasts of both cultivars within a 120-min treatment period, but the fluorescence intensity of ROS differed between cultivars. The H2O2 content in fruit-derived calluses of Huangguan peaked at 48 h post-infection at levels 1.85 times higher than those in Xuehua. Induction of H2O2 by V. nashicola in Huangguan was more intense than in Xuehua over a 96-h treatment period. At 96 h post-infection, the malondialdehyde content in leaves of Huangguan was significantly lower than in Xuehua, while the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase, and the relative expression levels of PbMnSOD, PbPOD, and PbCAT genes were higher in Huangguan than Xuehua. V. nashicola infection also caused a continuous increase in the leaf SA content of Huangguan, which was 6.76 times higher than in Xuehua at 96 h post-infection, and V. nashicola exposure upregulated the expression of PbPAL, PbICS, PbPR1, and PbPR5. In summary, both ROS and SA participated in the responses of pear trees to V. nashicola infection and played vital roles in the signal transduction pathway of pear scab resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive or persistent inflammation may have detrimental effects on lung structure and function. Currently, our understanding of conserved host mechanisms that control the inflammatory response remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of type I interferon signaling in the inflammatory response against diverse clinically relevant stimuli. Using mice deficient in type I interferon signaling (IFNAR1−/−), we demonstrate that the absence of interferon signaling resulted in a robust and persistent inflammatory response against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, lipopolysaccharide, and chemotherapeutic agent bleomycin. The elevated inflammatory response in IFNAR1−/− mice was manifested as elevated myeloid cells, such as macrophages and neutrophils, in the bronchoalveolar lavage. The inflammatory cell response in the IFNAR1−/− mice persisted to 14 days and there is impaired recovery and fibrotic remodeling of the lung in IFNAR1−/− mice after bleomycin injury. In the Pseudomonas infection model, the elevated inflammatory cell response led to improved bacterial clearance in IFNAR1−/− mice, although there was similar lung injury and survival. We performed RNA sequencing of lung tissue in wild-type and IFNAR1−/− mice after LPS and bleomycin injury. Our unbiased analysis identified differentially expressed genes between IFNAR1−/− and wild-type mice, including previously unknown regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor signaling, retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) signaling, and necroptosis pathway by type I interferon signaling in both models. These data provide novel insights into the conserved anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the type I interferon signaling. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: Type I interferons are known for their antiviral activities. In this study, we demonstrate a conserved anti-inflammatory role of type I interferon signaling against diverse stimuli in the lung. We show that exacerbated inflammatory response in the absence of type I interferon signaling has both acute and chronic consequences in the lung including structural changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robotization has caused widespread concern about job losses, but few scholars have paid attention to changes in employment quality. This study provides supplementary evidences on the impact of robotization on youth employment quality and compares the effectiveness of various measures. Using data about individual employment and robot usage in China, this study finds that robotization reduces youth employment quality, especially for males and the middle-educated, aged 26 to 35, and in regions with insufficient workers. The substitution effect, skill preparation effect, and productivity effect play important roles in this process. Besides the common strategy of education, the mitigating capabilities of skill training has been demonstrated, but self-entrepreneurship has not. This study suggests that the exploration of various youth self-development measures, such as skill training, is warranted to improve employment quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, X-rays have been widely used to detect complex structural workpieces. Due to the uneven thickness of the workpiece and the high dynamic range of the X-ray image itself, the detailed internal structure of the workpiece cannot be clearly displayed.To solve this problem, we propose an image enhancement algorithm based on a multi-scale local edge-preserving filter.Firstly, the global brightness of the image is enhanced through logarithmic transformation. Then, to enhance the local contrast, we propose utilizing the gradient decay function based on fuzzy entropy to process the gradient and then incorporate the gradient into the energy function of the local edge-preserving filter (LEP) as a constraint term. Finally, multiple base layers and detail layers are obtained through filtering multi-scale decomposition. All detail layers are enhanced and fused using S-curve mapping to improve contrast further.This method is competitive in both quantitative indices and visual perception quality.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly enhances various complex workpieces and is highly efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring joystick operations in power wheelchairs (PWCs) is promising for investigating user-wheelchair interaction and providing quantitative measures to assess the user's driving performance. In this paper, an add-on measurement system, Power Wheelchair Maneuvering Logger (PWhML), is developed to provide an easy-to-implement and cost-effective solution for monitoring the user's joystick operations in PWCs. The proposed system uses two compact inertial measurement units (IMUs), which are respectively attached to the joystick and wheelchair armrest for movement sensing. A coordinate transformation-based method is proposed to estimate the joystick operating angles using the acceleration data measured by the attached IMUs. The accuracy of the proposed method was thoroughly evaluated under different conditions. The evaluation trials in a stationary PWC reported a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.59° in the forward/backward direction and 0.64° in the leftward/rightward direction, validating the established geometry model for coordinate transformation. The subsequent driving experiments on outdoor test courses demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method in various terrain conditions (MAE of less than 3°). A clustering analysis based on the t-distributed stochastic neighborhood embedding method correctly categorized different driving activities using the joystick operating angles measured by PWhML. These results indicate that integrating the developed PWhML into PWCs can facilitate a quantitative measurement of the user's driving behavior, providing valuable insights to identify careless operation patterns and help PWC users to improve driving performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How may feelings of love and hate impact people’s attention? We used a modified Attentional Blink (AB) task in which 300 participants were asked to categorise a name representing a person towards whom they felt either hate, love, or neutral (first target) plus identify a number word (second target), both embedded in a rapidly presented stream of other words. The lag to the second target was systematically varied. Contrary to our hypothesis, results revealed that both hated and loved names resulted in higher accuracy for the second target than neutral names, which was largely independent of lag. Also, there we observed no sustained transfer effects of love and hate onto neutral name trials. The findings differ from prior research on attentional blink and transient, non-personal, stimulus-driven emotions, suggesting that interpersonal feelings activate different attention-relevant mechanisms. Relevant to future research, we speculate that love and hate are motivators of goal-directed behaviour that facilitate subsequent information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CO2 hydrogenation to olefins process over Fe‐based catalysts offer a promising route for the production of high‐value chemicals from non‐fossil route. Herein, we present a Na promoted ZnFe2O4 spinel catalyst and their structural evolution from fresh state to reduction and to reaction period was elucidated. The clear phase segregation between Fe and Zn occurred after reduction/reaction because of crystalline phase transformation in the order of ZnFe2O4→ZnO+Fe7C3+χ‐Fe5C2→FeO+ZnO+Fe7C3+χ‐Fe5C2. The formation of iron carbide phases (Fe7C3 and χ‐Fe5C2) was enhanced dramatically by Na promoter. The adjacent Na promoter increase the electron density in Fe−Zn interfaces and enhance its ability to dissociate CO* to form adsorbed CHx* species, thus promoting the formation of olefins. This Na promoted rich electronic Fe−Zn interfaces alters the balance between iron oxides and iron carbides on the catalyst surface, which accelerate the chain growth reaction and facilitate the coupling efficiency of tandem reaction. The various catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption, SEM, HR‐TEM, HAADF‐STEM, ex‐situ /in situ XRD, Mössbauer spectra, ICP, in situ XPS, and operando DRIFTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collective Thomson scattering (TS) is a powerful technique to accurately diagnose the parameters of laser-produced plasmas. However, when the scattering parameter α, which is inverse to the product of electron Debye length and wavenumber of plasma fluctuations, is significantly larger than 1, which of the conditions is easily satisfied in the experiment, the accuracy of electron density measurement is usually poor just with the single-wavenumber ion-acoustic wave feature of the TS spectrum. This situation can be greatly improved in the imaging TS experiment because the signal intensity is proportional to electron density. A novel algorithm is developed and validated for the data analysis of imaging TS through the combination of signal intensity and spectral profile. The results show that we can obtain the electron density with high confidence, as well as other plasma parameters like electron and ion temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog effective against a number of cancers. However, it has an oral bioavailability of less than 10%, due to its high hydrophilicity and low permeability through the intestinal epithelium. Therefore, the aim of this project was to develop a novel nanoparticulate drug delivery system for the oral delivery of gemcitabine to improve its oral bioavailability. In this study, gemcitabine-loaded β-glucan NPs were fabricated using a film-casting method followed by a freezer-milling technique. As a result, the NPs showed a small particle size of 447.6 ± 14.2 nm, and a high drug entrapment efficiency of 64.3 ± 2.1%. By encapsulating gemcitabine into β-glucan NPs, a sustained drug release profile was obtained, and the anomalous diffusion release mechanism was analyzed, indicating that the drug release was governed by diffusion through the NP matrix as well as matrix erosion. The drug-loaded NPs had a greater ex vivo drug permeation through the porcine intestinal epithelial membrane compared to the plain drug solution. Cytotoxicity studies showed a safety profile of the β-glucan polymers, and the IC50s of drug solution and drug-loaded β-glucan NPs were calculated as 228.8 ± 31.2 ng·mL−1 and 306.1 ± 46.3 ng·mL−1, respectively. Additionally, the LD50 of BALB/c nude mice was determined as 204.17 mg/kg in the acute toxicity studies. Notably, pharmacokinetic studies showed that drug-loaded β-glucan NPs could achieve a 7.4-fold longer T1/2 and a 5.1-fold increase in oral bioavailability compared with plain drug solution. Finally, in vivo pharmacodynamic studies showed the promising capability of gemcitabine-loaded β-glucan NPs to inhibit the 4T1 breast tumor growth, with a 3.04- and 1.74-fold reduction compared to the untreated control and drug solution groups, respectively. In conclusion, the presented freezer-milled β-glucan NP system is a suitable drug delivery method for the oral delivery of gemcitabine and demonstrates a promising potential platform for oral chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rational design of the electronic structure and elemental compositions of anode electrocatalysts for formic acid electrooxidation reaction (FAOR) is paramount for realizing high‐performance direct formic acid fuel cells. Herein, palladium‐boride nanoflowers (Pd‐B NFs) with controllable boron content are rationally designed via a simple wet chemical reduction method, utilizing PdII‐dimethylglyoxime as precursor and NaBH4 as both reductant and boron source. The boron content of Pd‐B NFs can be regulated through manipulation of reaction time, accompanying with the crystal phase transition from face‐centered cubic to hexagonal close‐packed within the parent Pd lattice. The obtained Pd‐B NFs exhibit increased FAOR mass and specific activity with increasing boron content, showcasing remarkable inherent stability and anti‐poisoning capability compare to commercial Pd and platinum (Pt) nanocrystals. Notably, the sample reacted for 12 h reveals high FAOR specific activity (31.5 A m−2), which is approximately two times higher than the commercial Pd nanocrystals. Density functional theory calculations disclose that the d‐sp orbital hybridization between Pd and B modifies surface d‐band properties of Pd, thereby optimizing the adsorption of key intermediates and facilitating FAOR kinetics on the Pd surface. This study paves the way toward the utilization of metal boride‐based materials with simple synthesis methods for various electrocatalysis applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile colistin resistance (MCR) is the primary mechanism for colistin resistance and has been disseminated worldwide; this has gained substantial attention and led to policy changes for the use of colistin in food animals in many countries. The global spread of mcr was attributed to the high selective pressure of colistin used in livestock, and the acquisition of mcr by low-copy-number and highly conjugative plasmids. The dramatic decrease of mcr after the colistin-banning policy could be associated with the fitness cost mediated by MCR. Besides mediating resistance to both polymyxins and antimicrobial peptides, MCR is thought to enhance the virulence of bacteria and affect the host immune response. To combat colistin-resistant bacteria, MCR inhibitors have been developed based on the structure of MCR, and other strategies targeting mcr -positive plasmids/strains have also been exploited. Colistin is regarded as a last-line drug against serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Therefore, the emergence of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes has attracted global concern and led to policy changes for the use of colistin in food animals across many countries. Currently, the distribution, function, mechanism of action, transmission vehicles, origin of mcr , and new treatment strategies against MCR-producing pathogens have been extensively studied. Here we review the prevalence, structure and function of mcr , the fitness cost and persistence of mcr -carrying plasmids, the impact of MCR on host immune response, as well as the control strategies to combat mcr -mediated colistin resistance. Colistin is regarded as a last-line drug against serious infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. Therefore, the emergence of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes has attracted global concern and led to policy changes for the use of colistin in food animals across many countries. Currently, the distribution, function, mechanism of action, transmission vehicles, origin of mcr , and new treatment strategies against MCR-producing pathogens have been extensively studied. Here we review the prevalence, structure, and function of mcr , the fitness cost and persistence of mcr -carrying plasmids, the impact of MCR on host immune response, as well as the control strategies to combat mcr -mediated colistin resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) issued a new version of the general rules on food hygiene in 2020, which revised and improved the structure, definition and technical contents of the standard, clarified the important role of good hygiene practices in food safety management, and emphasized the advantages of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCPL) in dealing with more complex food safety issues. It also added the latest achievements of standardization research in the field of food safety in recent years, such as allergen control and food safety culture. By comparing the new version of the standard with the 2003 edition of general principles of food hygiene, this paper expounds and analyzes the main changes of the new version of the standard in detail, so as to provide reference for the formulation and implementation of food-related standards in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how latecomer firms manage to achieve industrial upgrading through strategic coupling with global lead firms in automotive production networks. Drawing upon the example of the Guangzhou Automotive Corporation in southern China, this paper theorizes 'cross‐scalar tension' as a key factor to explain why the four cases of strategic coupling between lead firms, the same domestic firm and state ended in different results, from decoupling to a sustainable coupling with local upgrading. This paper contributes to the pertinent literature by demonstrating that cross‐scalar tension is inherent to the nature of global production networks, and unreconciled tension concerning different corporate strategies on technological transfer, localization and product development could lead to decoupling. Importantly, good coordination and matching on corporate strategies between lead and domestic firms could relieve cross‐scalar tensions, thus fostering local industrial upgrading and sustainable strategic coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible textile microwave absorbing materials own the advantages of flexibility, foldability and cuttability, have become a research hotspot in electromagnetic stealth technology. In this study, a microwave absorbing coating was prepared on a fabric substrate using Ag decorated spherical graphene (SG) as the absorbent. XRD results demonstrated the metallic Ag ion was successfully reduced. TEM photographs showed the silver nanoparticles were stuck to the spherical graphene. The complex permittivity was enhanced after compositing with Ag particles. Along with the increase of silver content from 0 to 20 wt%, the complex permittivity rises from 3.29–0.42 j to 6.93–2.22 j owing to its higher electric conductivity and stronger relaxation effect. Meanwhile, the flexible coating containing Ag decorated spherical graphene (Ag@SG) also exhibited better microwave absorption performance. The minimum reflection loss (RL min) for the coating with a thickness of 3.0 mm was −15 dB. And the effectively absorbing broadband (EAB) is located at 9.08–11.52 GHz. In addition, the microwave absorbing performance was greatly enhanced after being combined with periodic frequency selective surface (FSS). The EAB was obtained over the entire X-band frequency range, and the RL min value achieved −41.72 dB at 10.25 GHz. What's more, the coating owned an EAB in a wide range incident angle of 60°–90°. This work was help to developing high performance flexible fabric coating containing Ag decorated spherical graphene with FSS incorporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The volume change behaviour of an unsaturated compacted loess under thermo-hydro-mechanical loads is comprehensively investigated in this experimental research. A new temperature/suction-controlled triaxial apparatus with triple cells was developed. Temperature- and suction-controlled isotropic tests, heating–cooling tests with isotropic net stress and suction control and drying–wetting tests with isotropic net stress and temperature control were conducted on an unsaturated compacted loess from Shaanxi, China. Experimental results show that compressibility indices remain unchanged at various temperatures, but show different variation trends with changes in suction. Both suction hardening and thermal softening were observed. Irreversible volumetric contraction is induced in the compacted loess upon heating–cooling path and becomes more significant at higher isotropic net stresses and higher suctions. Lower over-consolidation ratio prior to heating results in greater irreversible contraction in loess samples. Water-holding capacity of loess samples decreases upon heating, but it is independent of the stress level. The hydraulic hysteresis of samples has no significant change with temperature changes. Slight shrinkage occurs during drying process in loess samples, and collapse can be observed in wetting process. Heating has limited effect on the drying shrinkage of loess samples but induces more distinctive wetting collapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antidepressant response in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) is probably influenced by personality dimensions. However, personality dimensions in depression and their association with antidepressant treatment in adolescents are relatively unknown. We sought to investigate whether personality traits (PTs) can influence antidepressant treatment response in adolescents with depression. Eighty-two adolescents with MDD who had completed the 8 weeks of treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) were enrolled. The Revised NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI-R) was used to measure their personality at baseline, and the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) and Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised (CDRS-R) were used to evaluate depressive symptoms at baseline and 8 weeks. Moreover, logistic regression was performed to investigate the relationship between personality dimensions and antidepressant response. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were employed to determine the accuracy of a PT-based model in predicting the antidepressant response rate. Adolescents with MDD had significantly different PTs at baseline. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that extroversion scores were associated with response to antidepressant treatment, the lower the extroversion score, the better the response to antidepressant treatment, after correcting for variables with significant differences and trends or all potential confounding variables. It was also found that the combination of disease duration, extraversion-gregariousness, and agreeableness-trust effectively predicted antidepressant response in adolescents with MDD, with a sensitivity of 79.4 % and specificity of 68.7 %. Personality dysfunction in adolescents is associated with MDD. The antidepressant treatment response is influenced by the degree of extroversion in adolescents with MDD. • Personality dysfunction in adolescents is associated with major depression disorder. • The degree of extroversion were associated with response to antidepressant treatment in adolescents. • Personality traits can effectively predict antidepressant response in adolescents with depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]