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AIM: To discuss the measurement of retinal thickness in each macular region, fixation property, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), eye axis and equivalent spherical power and treatment time for the children with hyperopia anisometropic amblyopia before and after treatment.METHODS: This study was a prospective longitudinal controlled trial. The subjects were 40 hyperopia anisometropia children aged 4-8 years with monocular amblyopia who had not been treated with amblyopia before diagnosis in our hospital(20 cases of central fixation and 20 cases of paracentral fixation)from August 2018 to August 2019. Atropine mydriatic optometry, fundus macular fixation quality, ocular axis and optical coherence tomography(OCT)retinal thickness were used in the initial diagnosis and 6mo and 1a follow-up. Statistical analysis was used to analyze whether the macular retinal thickness of hyperopia amblyopia had changed in the treatment and the related factors, and whether had differences between different fixation properties.RESULTS: There were significant differences in foveal retinal thickness and nasal retinal thickness of inner ring between central fixation group and paracentral fixation group at different measurement times(before treatment, 6 and 12mo after treatment)(P0.05). With the extension of treatment time, the foveal retinal thickness and the nasal retinal thickness of the inner ring in the central fixation group and the paracentral fixation group became thinner(all P0.05). There were significant differences in ocular axis, BCVA and equivalent spherical power of amblyopia before and after treatment(all P

AIM: To observe and analyze the changes of macular retina thickness in children with occult high myopia and its influencing factors.METHODS: A prospective, non-randomized, contemporaneous controlled trial. From September 2019 to September 2020, 56 children(110 eyes)who first visited the ophthalmic clinic of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College without any myopia correction training were enrolled in this study. According to the clinical manifestations of myopia in children, they were divided into occult high myopia group(27 cases, 52 eyes)and control group(29 cases, 58 eyes, children with common myopia). The retina thickness in each macular area was compared between the two groups, and we will analyze the correlation between macular fovea mean retinal thickness and baseline data in children with occult high myopia. RESULTS: The average retinal thickness of 9 macular regions in the occult high myopia group was thinner than that in the control group, and there were significant differences in the macular fovea, the blow and temporal side of the outer ring area of macular fovea(P-2.00D to -3.00D(P0.05). Pearson correlation analysis results showed that the average retinal thickness under macular fovea in children with secretive high myopia had no significant correlation with gender, age, eye axis, intraocular pressure and corneal curvature(P>0.05), but was negatively correlated with diopter(r=-0.201, P

High myopia is a serious eye disease that jeopardizes the visual function of children because of the irreversible changes it caused to the fundus of the eye. High myopia needs to be detected, diagnosed and treated as early as possible, if not intervened in time, it may cause further aggravation or even blindness. However, screening for myopia often encounters the situation that children with low myopia at first who are found to have high myopia fundus changes by further examinations, and these insidious high myopia changes are easily overlooked in the diagnostic process. The study aims to summarize the literatures on choroidal thickness changes and their influencing factors in myopia children, which in order to provide relevant evidence for clinical studies in children with secretive high myopia.

Based on the district and county activity level data of different types of atmospheric ammonia (NH 3 ) emission sources in the Xiamen-Zhangzhou-Quanzhou (XZQ) Region and the modified emission factors, an ammonia emission inventory with a spatial resolution of 1 km×1 km in 2017 was established. In addition, the annual variations in NH 3 emission from 2015 to 2020 in this region were analyzed. The results showed that the emission of NH 3 in the XZQ Region in 2017 was 27.40 kt with livestock and poultry breeding, farmland ecosystem, human emission, fuel combustion, and waste treatment accounting for 42.48%, 22.04%, 14.71%, 7.08%, and 5.69% of the total emission, respectively. The order of emission density of NH 3 was Xiamen (1.94 t·km -2 )>Quanzhou (1.07 t·km -2 )>Zhangzhou (0.95 t·km -2 ). High values of emission density were mainly concentrated in the coastal urban areas with a concentrated population and the inland township areas with developed livestock and poultry breeding and planting industries. The monthly variation in NH 3 emissions was consistent with the pattern of temperature change, with high values in summer. Due to the different economic structure and development level in different cities, NH 3 emissions in Quanzhou City showed a decline from 2015 to 2020, whereas there were fluctuations in the trends of ammonia emissions in Xiamen and Zhangzhou cities. The relationship between NH 3 emission intensity and per capita GDP was significantly negative.

Air pollutant concentrations in the Xiamen Bay cities during the period before and after COVID-19 lockdown(from January 11 to February 21, 2020) were studied to determine the influence of human activities on air quality in this region. During the Chinese Spring Festival holiday and the lockdown period, the concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, PM 10 , and PM 2.5 decreased by 6%-22%, 53%-70%, 34%-48%, 47%-64%, and 53%-60%, respectively. However, the changes in O 3 concentrations were not consistent with the variations of human activities. The reduction rates for PM 2.5 , PM 10 , CO, and NO 2 during the Spring Festival were greater than in previous years(2018 and 2019), but the reduction rates for SO 2 were comparable. The concentrations of NO 2 increased sharply(38%-138%), and much higher those of SO 2 (2%-42%), after the resumption of socioeconomic activities, indicating the importance of traffic reductions due to the lockdown measures on NO 2 . Higher wind speeds and rainfall after the Spring Festival were also favorable for the decline of SO 2 , NO 2 , and PM. The spatio-temporal distributions of the six criterial pollutants in the Xiamen Bay city cluster were obtained based on the Inverse Distance Weight method. The variability in regions with high NO 2 concentrations was strongly linked to traffic emissions, while spatial patterns for CO and SO 2 changed little over the six-week study period. The concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 increased notably in the region, linked to more construction activity, but changed comparatively little in regions with dense populations and traffic networks. O 3 remained relatively stable but low-value regions corresponded to those regions with high NO 2 concentrations, indicating the significant titration effect of NO 2 on O 3 . These results provide valuable information that can inform O 3 pollution reduction measures.

The contents of terrestrosin D and hecogenin from Tribuli Fructus were determined before and after stir-frying. The results showed that the content of terrestrosin D was decreased significantly,and the content of hecogenin was increased significantly after such processing. In order to verify the inference that terrestrosin D was converted to hecogenin by stir-frying,the quantitative variation rules of terrestrosin D and hecogenin were studied by simulated processing technology,and the simulated processing product of terrestrosin D was qualitatively characterized by ultra performance liquid chromatography/time of flight mass spectrometry( UPLC-TOF/MS) to clarify its transformation process during stir-frying. The results showed that the content of terrestrosin D was decreased significantly at first and then a platform stage appeared with the prolongation of processing time at a certain temperature. Raising the stir-frying temperature could further decrease the content of terrestrosin D and delay the time that the platform stage appeared. When the processing was simulated at higher temperatures( 220 ℃ and 240 ℃),the content of hecogenin was increased gradually with the increase of processing temperature and the prolongation of processing time. In the process of stir-frying,the deglycosylation reaction of terrestrosin D to hecogenin was not completed in one step. The deglycosylation reaction occurred first at the end of the sugar chain,and then other glycosyl units in the sugar chain were sequentially removed from the outside to the inside to finally form the hecogenin. This study provides a basis for further revealing the detoxification mechanism of stir-fried Tribuli Fructus.