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Integral imaging (InIm) 3D displays provide realistic 3D images with comfortable viewing experiences. However, existing approaches struggle to achieve high spatial resolution reproduction without relying on temporal or spatial multiplexing methods, which increases system complexity. Although precise control approaches for voxel formation have been explored to address this challenge, the existing methods lack systematic analysis theories for identifying the key factors affecting spatial resolution. In this study, a novel analysis framework is proposed that uses a point spread function (PSF) to characterize voxel formation. An analytical model based on the obtained PSF is established to achieve an aliasing‐free display. This framework identifies optimization directions for improving the spatial resolution, specifically by reducing the Gaussian blur caused by wavefront aberration in the lens unit. A targeted optimization of a compound lens array is conducted to achieve precise control of voxel formation. In these experiments, an InIm 3D display system prototype that substantially outperforms conventional InIm 3D displays is developed. The prototype achieves a 74.6% reduction in the system PSF and a 29.85% reduction in voxel size, enabling aliasing‐free voxels and a 2.82 times higher resolution in the InIm 3D display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light shaping diffuser (LSD) is a crucial component in integral imaging based light field display for achieving continuous 3D images. However, LSD also constrains the display resolution in wide viewing angles. To addressing this issue, this study conducts thorough analyses. The light homogenization characteristics of LSD are proposed, complementing the understanding of LSD's mechanism for achieving continuous 3D images. Furthermore, the scattering function of LSD is established for the first time, explaining the mechanism behind LSD constraining resolution in wide viewing angles. The proposed scattering function can guide the optimization design of resolution enhanced integral imaging based light field display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the risk factors associated with cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) in infants., Methods: This study was a multicenter prospective nested case-control study conducted in seven medical centers in Beijing, China. Infants aged 0-12 months were included, with 200 cases of CMPA infants and 799 control infants without CMPA. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the risk factors for the occurrence of CMPA., Results: Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that preterm birth, low birth weight, birth from the first pregnancy, firstborn, spring birth, summer birth, mixed/artificial feeding, and parental history of allergic diseases were associated with an increased risk of CMPA in infants ( P <0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that firstborn ( OR =1.89, 95% CI : 1.14-3.13), spring birth ( OR =3.42, 95% CI : 1.70-6.58), summer birth ( OR =2.29, 95% CI : 1.22-4.27), mixed/artificial feeding ( OR =1.57, 95% CI : 1.10-2.26), parental history of allergies ( OR =2.13, 95% CI : 1.51-3.02), and both parents having allergies ( OR =3.15, 95% CI : 1.78-5.56) were risk factors for CMPA in infants ( P <0.05)., Conclusions: Firstborn, spring birth, summer birth, mixed/artificial feeding, and a family history of allergies are associated with an increased risk of CMPA in infants.

The compensation effect of re-watering after drought has been widely reported in various crops during different growth stages. It is considered as an important self-regulation mechanism for plants to resist abiotic stresses and also an efficient utilization of limited water resource. In this study, two rounds of re-watering after drought treatments were carried out during tuber expansion period of potato, to investigate the drought threshold of potato and explore the potential mechanisms of compensation effect with source-sink aspect. We used virus-free plantlets of "Atlantic" potato as experimental materials. Four treatments were included: sufficient water supply (W), re-watering after mild drought (D 1 -W), re-watering after medium drought (D 2 -W) and re-watering after severe drought (D 3 -W). The results showed that potato yield exhibited an over-compensation effect after two rounds of D 1 -W treatment, with water use efficiency and yield being increased by 17.5% and 6.3%, respectively, compared with the sufficient water supply. D 2 -W treatment had no significant effect on potato yield, but water use efficiency was increased by 8.4%, indicating a near-equivalent compensation effect. On the contrary, D 3 -W treatment did not show any compensation effect in yield. In addition, leaf chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, and leaf area were all reduced after drought treatment, indicating a reduction in "source" size and activity. After re-watering, D 1 -W and D 2 -W treatments showed over-compensation and compensation effects through improving source supply capacity. Meanwhile, re-watering after moderate drought increased the sink activity through significantly enhancing the activities of key enzymes in tubers (sink), thus increased the average weight of tubers. In conclusion, re-watering after moderate drought stress during potato tuber expansion period had compensation and over-compensation effects on both source and sink, and thus could compensate for the drought-induced yield loss and improve water use efficiency.