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Three-dimensional (3D) graphene oxide (GO)-based aerogels, GO and 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol (MTZE) composites, were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method. Due to the hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions, the produced 3D GO-MTZE composites possessed large cylindrical structures. The morphologies, composition, and chemical states of 3D GO-MTZE3:1 composite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms based on the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method. The existence of nitrogen (N)-containing heterocyclic system and oxygen (O)-containing branched chain of MTZE contributed to the formation of 3D structures, while the complexation effect of heterocyclic sulfur (S)- and N-containing functional groups of MTZE for metal cations dominated the adsorption performance of 3D GO-MTZE3:1 composite, which could selectively adsorb copper ions (Cu2+). In addition, the better hydrophobic property of 3D GO-MTZE3:1 composite facilitates its facile recycling from aqueous solution after adsorption. The adsorption data of 3D GO-MTZE3:1 composite toward Cu2+ fitted well (R2 = 0.9996) with the linear pseudo-second-order kinetic model, giving an equilibrium rate constant (k2) of 0.0187 g mg−1 min−1. The linear Langmuir isothermal model could more accurately describe the experimental data, indicating the adsorption process is mainly dominated by the complexation interactions between MTZE and Cu2+. The thermodynamic parameters of ΔG° (< 0), ΔH° (> 0), and ΔS° (> 0) further indicate that the adsorption is a spontaneous and endothermic, confirming that the complexation between Cu2+ and 3D GO-MTZE3:1 composite occurs. Due to its high selectivity for Cu2+, good hydrophobicity, and excellent stability, the developed 3D GO-MTZE3:1 composite possesses might be promisingly used in the aqueous selective enrichment/removal of Cu2+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can remain undiagnosed for many years, during which micro‐ and macro‐vascular complications may develop. This study aimed to assess the worldwide prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched electronic databases for relevant studies published from inception to 01 January 2022. Selected studies reported the prevalence of DR among patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, specifying the case definition used. Random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to derive the pooled prevalence. Subgroup and meta‐regression analyses were used to investigate variations in the prevalence estimates in terms of available variables. Results: Data from 77 studies including 99,847 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM were included from 26 countries. The pooled prevalence of DR among patients with newly diagnosed T2DM was 13.1% (95% CI, 11.1%–15.1%; I2 = 97.0%). DR was higher in clinic‐based samples compared with community‐based samples (15.0%, 95% CI = 12.4%–17.8% vs. 11.5%, 95% CI = 8.9%–14.5%; p = 0.05; I2 = 97.0%) and was higher in countries in the WHO African 19.2% (95% CI, 14.6%–24.3%; I2 = 76.0%), South‐East Asia 15.4% (95% CI, 10.0%–21.6%; I2 = 79.1%), and European 15.0% (95% CI, 11.2%–19.2%; I2 = 82.0%) regions. A higher proportion of female patients was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of DR in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. We observed that the prevalence of DR in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM has remained unchanged over time. Conclusions: Globally, DR is a prevalent complication among patients with newly diagnosed T2DM indicating the importance of establishing effective strategies to promote regular screening for the early diagnosis of T2DM alongside routine ophthalmic assessment at the time of T2DM diagnosis to reduce the burden of vision‐threatening retinopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the association of maternal methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 (MTHFD1) and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 2 (MTHFD2) gene polymorphisms with congenital heart disease (CHD) in offspring. Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted. The mothers of 683 children with CHD alone who attended Hunan Children's Hospital, from November 2017 to March 2020 were enrolled as the case group, and the mothers of 740 healthy children who attended the same hospital during the same period and did not have any deformity were enrolled as the control group. A questionnaire survey was performed to collect related exposure data, and then venous blood samples (5 mL) were collected from the mothers to detect MTHFD1 and MTHFD2 gene polymorphisms. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association of MTHFD1 and MTHFD2 gene polymorphisms with CHD. The four-gamete test in Haploview 4.2 software was used to construct haplotypes and evaluate the association between haplotypes and CHD. The generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction method and logistic regression analysis were used to examine gene-gene interaction and its association with CHD. Results The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that maternal MTHFD1 gene polymorphisms at rs11849530 (GA vs AA: 0R=1.49; GG vs AA: 0R=2.04) and at rs1256142 (GA vs GG: 0R=2.34; AA vs GG: 0R=3.25) significantly increased the risk of CHD in offspring (P<0.05), while maternal MTHFD1 gene polymorphisms at rs1950902 (AA vs GG: OR= 0.57) and MTHFD2 gene polymorphisms at rs1095966 (CA vs CC: 0R=0.68) significantly reduced the risk of CHD in offspring (P<0.05). The haplotypes of G-G-G (0R=1.86) and G-A-G (0R=1.35) in mothers significantly increased the risk of CHD in offspring (P<0.05). The gene-gene interaction analyses showed that the first-order interaction between MTHFD1 rs1950902 and MTHFD1 rs2236222 and the second-order interaction involving MTHFD1 rs1950902, MTHFD1 rs1256142, and MTHFD2 rs1095966 might be associated with risk of CHD (P<0.05). Conclusions Maternal MTHFD1 and MTHFD2 gene polymorphisms and their haplotypes, as well as the interaction between MTHFD1 rs1950902 and MTHFD1 rs2236222 and between MTHFD1 rs1950902, MTHFD1 rs1256142, and MTHFD2 rs1095966, are associated with the risk of CHD in offspring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]