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［Objective］ During the operation of a certain type of high-speed EMU (electric multiple units) in China, the mounting bolts at lower rubber joint of the secondary vertical damper (hereinafter referred to as the ′lower joint′) experience loosening. It is necessary to identify the cause of the bolt loosening and propose effective solutions. ［Method］ The structural composition of the damper is briefly described. To address three potential causes of bolt loosening, the damper design structure is checked and the production process is inspected. It is found that the torsional stiffness of the lower joints exceeds the maximum permissible value during operation. Reverse verification reveals the conditions triggering bolt loosening under calculation working conditions. Bench tests and field trials under actual EMU operating conditions are conducted to verify and identify the specific causes of bolt loosening. Based on the identified causes, three corresponding solutions are proposed and their effectiveness are verified through bench tests. ［Result & Conclusion］ The loosening of the damper mounting bolts is attributed to a combined effects of the adverse conditions including reduced tightening torque, decreased friction coefficient of the contact surface, and increased torsional stiffness of the lower joint. Optimizing the application process of assembly paste, reducing the torsional stiffness of the lower joint, and increasing the nominal tightening torque can effectively prevent bolt loosening.

ObjectiveTo explore the causal relationship between blood lipids and diabetic kidney disease （DKD） by a Mendelian randomization （MR） analysis using the summary data of large-scale population genome-wide association studies （GWAS）.MethodsUsing inverse variance weighting method （IVW）， weighted median method and MR-Egger regression method， the causal relationship of triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， high density lipoprotein （HDL）， and low density lipoprotein （LDL） with DKD was analyzed by MR， and evaluated by odds ratio （OR） and 95% confidence interval （CI）. Sensitivity analysis was performed to verify the reliability of the results. Cochran Q test was used to test heterogeneity， and MR-Egger-intercept test was used to test whether there was horizontal pleiotropic effect. Steiger test was used to test directionality， and leave-one-out analysis was used to determine whether there was potential single nucleotide polymorphism.ResultsThe IVW method was used as the main analysis method. The analysis results showed that the genetic prediction of TG （OR=1.428， 95%CI： 1.150-1.774， P=0.001） and TC （OR=0.683， 95%CI： 0.486-0.960， P=0.028） had a causal relationship with DKD. HDL （OR=0.879， 95%CI： 0.707-1.092， P=0.244） and LDL （OR=0.911， 95%CI： 0.698-1.191， P=0.496） had no evidence to prove their causal relationship with DKD.ConclusionTG and TC may play a role in the pathogenesis of DKD， but there is no evidence that HDL and LDL play a role in the pathogenesis of DKD.

［Objective］Earth chamber pressure is a key parameter for EPB (earth pressure balance) shield construction assessment. Accurate prediction of earth chamber pressure helps construction technicians take timely control measures to ensure subway tunnel construction safety. Therefore, it is necessary to study the earth chamber pressure prediction method of EPB shield. ［Method］A multi-branch LSTM (long and short term memory)-DNN (deep neural network) fusion model is proposed. LSTM branch extracts its time series evolution characteristics by backtracking historical data, while DNN branch extracts excavation state characteristics. The two branches are combined and then integrated through a fully connected layer to realize the prediction of earth chamber pressure. This multi-branch model is verified based on the actual shield tunnel data of Jinan Rail Transit Line 1, and compared with LSTM and DNN models respectively. ［Result & Conclusion］The prediction model of earth chamber pressure based on LSTM-DNN fusion algorithm can converge efficiently, and has good prediction effects on the training set and the verification set. In the subsequent 100-step test, the predicted value of earth chamber pressure obtained by the LSTM-DNN fusion model better reflects the change trend of the actual value, with an average deviation of 7.65 kPa and a relative error of 6.09%, indicating a higher prediction accuracy.

The Weining-Shuicheng Fault (WSF) is a northwest-southeast trending fault in the southwest of the South China Block (SCB), which is an important component of the Yadu-Ziyun Fault Zone. The study of its activity is of great significance for analyzing the boundary role of the Daliangshan secondary block on the SCB. This paper derived the following results through field investigations, high-precision remote sensing image interpretation, UAV photogrammetry, trenching technique, and AMS 14C age. The WSF is northwest-trending with a sinistral strike-slip. It has a total displacement of about 2.5–3.2 km, which is equivalent to that of the southern section of the Daliangshan Fault. There are visible landforms such as fault scarps and fault valleys along the WSF, which control the development of the Caohai Basin. The gully near Weining Airport was caused by left lateral dislocations with a displacement of about 4 m. The Tashan trench revealed two branching faults, cutting the latest strata formed during about 13,000 BC. The Wangjiachong trench revealed five branching faults, cutting the latest strata formed during about 20,000 BC. The northern section of the WSF is flower-shaped tectonic features near the plane and activated in the Late Pleistocene.

【Objective】 Southern Xinjiang has limited freshwater but relatively abundant saline groundwater. To optimize the use of these water resources, we investigate the effect of alternate brackish and freshwater drip irrigation with film mulching on soil water and salt movement, as well as seed yield of cotton. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted at the Xinjiang Alar Modern Agricultural Comprehensive Experimental Station. It compared nine combinations of brackish and freshwater drip irrigation. In each treatment, we measured the spatiotemporal changes in soil water and salt, as well as growth, and seed yield of the cotton. 【Result】 During the growth period of the cotton, soil water and salt increased with increased use of brackish water. When the amount of brackish water used for irrigation was the same, continuous use of freshwater irrigation in the early growth stage of the cotton was effective to reduce salt content in the root zone. Increasing the use of brackish water in irrigation inhibited crop growth. Moderate use of brackish water in the flowering and boll development stages can promote reproductive growth, however, excessive use would significantly reduce the weight of single bolls. Appropriately alternating brackish and freshwater irrigation not only ensures vegetative growth in the early stages but also promotes reproductive growth during flowering and boll development stage of the cotton. 【Conclusion】 In Southern Xinjiang, alternating brackish and freshwater in drip irrigation with film mulching should keep the brackish water ratio below a specific threshold. Its usage should be minimized during the seedling, budding, and early flowering stages, but can be increased during the flowering and boll development stages. In this experiment, the optimal irrigation sequence was freshwater-freshwater-brackish water.

This paper is dedicated to exploring the practical implementation of deep learning and Internet of Things (IoT) technology within systems designed for recognizing human motion behavior. It places a particular emphasis on evaluating performance in complex environments, aiming to mitigate challenges such as poor robustness and high computational workload encountered in conventional human motion behavior recognition approaches by employing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The primary focus is on enhancing the performance of human motion behavior recognition systems for real-world scenarios, optimizing them for real-time accuracy, and enhancing their suitability for practical applications. Specifically, the paper investigates human motion behavior recognition using CNN, where the parameters of the CNN model are fine-tuned to improve recognition performance. The paper commences by delineating the process and methodology employed for human motion recognition, followed by an in-depth exploration of the CNN model's application in recognizing human motion behavior. To acquire data depicting human motion behavior in authentic settings, the Internet of Things (IoT) is utilized for extracting relevant information from the living environment. The dataset chosen for human motion behavior recognition is the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) database. The analysis demonstrates that the network training loss function reaches a minimum value of 0.0001. Leveraging the trained CNN model, the recognition accuracy for human motion behavior achieves peak performance, registering an average accuracy of 94.41%. Notably, the recognition accuracy for static motion behavior generally exceeds that for dynamic motion behavior across different models. The CNN-based human motion behavior recognition method exhibits promising results in both static and dynamic behavior recognition scenarios. Furthermore, the paper advocates for the use of IoT in collecting human motion behavior data in real-world living environments, contributing to the advancement of human motion behavior recognition technology and its application in diverse domains such as intelligent surveillance and health management. The research findings carry significant implications for furthering the development of human motion behavior recognition technology and enhancing its applications in areas such as intelligent surveillance and health management.

By analyzing the characteristics of collaborative decision-making behavior of heterogeneous clusters, this paper introduces quantum decision-making model to solve the autonomous decision-making problem of heterogeneous clusters. Firstly, it is triggered from the OODA loop process to clarify the control mode of heterogeneous cluster collaboration. Then, aiming at the specific problem of heterogeneous cluster cooperative cruise, the tasks of unmanned boat cluster and UAV cluster are split, and the application models of formation optimization and autonomous detection are constructed respectively. The formation optimization algorithm is designed to dynamically generate the best communication formation structure. The quantum decision cloud and feedback scoring mechanism are designed to select the most suitable decision content among many possible detection options. Finally, the effectiveness of formation optimization model and autonomous detection model in heterogeneous cluster cooperative cruise is demonstrated by simulation experiments. Experiments show that the quantum decision model has greater applicability and mobility in decision behavior selection and optimization than the conventional decision model.

Objective The advancing speed of shield machine is crucial not only for the tunnel excavation pace but also for the predicting construction schedule and cost. Therefore, it is necessary to predict and analyze the advancing speed of the shield machine. Method Taking the full-section limestone stratum of Longao Station-Olympic Sports Center West Station interval on Jinan Metro Line 3 as research object, data from shield machine excavation are collected and preprocessed using methods such as zero-push value, outlier removal, and data denoising. To improve prediction accuracy, the dataset is divided into training and validation sets. A model for predicting thrust speed is established from linear regression based on cutterhead torque and total thrust, and the influence law of excavation load on advancing speed is analyzed. Result & Conclusion In limestone stratum, the linear regression prediction accuracy of three advancing speed prediction models all exceeds 0.70, indicating that advancing speed can be accurately predicted based on cutterhead torque and total thrust. During excavation with the earth pressure balance shield machine, fluctuations in cutterhead rotation speed and advancing speed are minimal. As the cutterhead rotation speed increases, the cutterhead torque gradually decreases. Cutterhead torque positively influences the advancing speed; the greater the cutterhead torque, the higher the advancing speed. Under the same stratum and excavation conditions, due to the soil extrusion action of cutterhead, merely increasing the total thrust is not conducive to improving advancing speed, calling for the necessity of simultaneously increasing cutterhead rotation speed.

The preparation, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy scaffolds by extrusion molding 3D printing were systematically investigated by universal testing machine and scanning electron microscope in this paper. The preparation of titanium alloy scaffolds using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel was introduced, the influences of slurry PVA content, degreasing temperature, and sintering temperature on the preparation process were investigated, and the relationship between the porosity and mechanical properties of titanium alloy scaffolds was analyzed. The results show that, the PVA hydrogels can be used to prepare the titanium alloy scaffolds to obtain the porous structures with uniform distribution and high interconnectivity. The optimal preparation process is obtained, when the slurry PVA mass fraction is 15%, and the degreasing and sintering temperatures are 360 and 1300 ℃. The titanium alloy scaffolds with the porosity of 59.8% exhibit the excellent mechanical properties matching human bones to avoid the stress-masking effect.

With high melting point, high hardness, high thermal conductivity, excellent electrical conductivity, and high temperature oxidation resistance, the TiB2 ceramic has been applied in the fields of aerospace, machinery manufacturing, metal smelting, electronic information, and so on. However, the high-end manufacturing application of TiB2 ceramic has been limited by the low relative density and the difficulty of machine-processing. The densification of TiB2 ceramic could be improved by doping modification, adding sintering additives, optimizing sintering process, and so on, which significantly improves the mechanical properties. The research progress of high-performance TiB2 ceramic in terms of composition design and sintering processing was reviewed in this paper. The applications of TiB2 ceramic were also prospected on precision tools, bulletproof armor, and cathode tools.

Objective Grouting reinforcement is a common measure to reduce disturbance on existing buildings during tunnel construction. It is essential to focus on the design of GRM (grouting reinforcement mass) parameters in the engineering. Appropriate GRM parameters are crucial to ensure reinforcement effectiveness and reduce project costs. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize and analyze these parameters based on practical engineering conditions. Method Taking the tunneling project of Wuyi Overpass Station to Xinxiu Park Station interval on Nanning Rail Transit Line 5 as example, the under-passing construction is classified by the position relation between existing buildings and tunnel. Numerical calculations are used to optimize the GRM cross-sectional parameters, and the stress mechanism of the GRM is analyzed. On-site grouting reinforcement is carried out according to the parameter optimization results to validate the effectiveness of GRM parameter optimization. Result & Conclusion Under-passing construction is divided into three categories: under-passing directly beneath buildings, side-passing Type I buildings, and side-passing Type II buildings. For the first one, the GRM should extend into the micro-disturbance area by approximately 1 m, with a grouting thickness of 6 m. For the second and third, the GRM should extend approximately 4 m beyond the close tunnel side and penetrate 4 m into the micro-disturbance area on the far tunnel side, with a thickness of 6 m. The stress mechanism of the GRM can be simplified to anchor beams at both ends when under-passing directly beneath buildings and to cantilever beams when side-passing buildings. Monitoring results demonstrate that optimizing the GRM parameters can effectively control building deformation.

Reclosing during a permanent fault subjects the transformer to secondary impacts， thereby increasing the likelihood of transformer damage. In this paper， a computational model for calculating the leakage magnetic field of a three-winding transformer operating in "high-medium-low" mode is first established. Subsequently， a nonlinear model for the axial vibration of winding coils is developed， and a dynamic calculation method for the axial pressure on the coils and spacers is proposed. Finally， the established model is utilized to evaluate the axial strength of a 110 kV transformer under reclosing operation conditions. The results indicate that during reclosing in the poorest operating condition， the leakage magnetic field of the transformer increases， vibrations become more intense， and the forces acting on the coils and spacers are greater， thereby increasing the possibility of axial instability in the transformer. These findings can provide a basis for the verification of operating conditions for transformers during reclosing.

With the large-scale commercial use of the global 5G network and the rapid growth of mobile Internet traffic, more abundant wireless spectrum resources can be released, and the demand for high-speed optical modules in wireless front-haul networks is increasingly prominent. Focusing on the key technologies of 50 Gbit/s front-haul optical modules, two main networking methods were deeply analyzed, the typical transmission distance and link loss were analyzed, the maximum and minimum dispersion values of coarse wave division multiplexing (CWDM) wavelengths in a 10 km scenario were explored, and the corresponding dispersion compensation strategies were studied. Through experiments, the changes in optical power penalty of different multi-path interference (MPI) were verified, and the potential impact of MPI noise on error performance was analyzed in detail. In addition, deep research on the optoelectronic chip scheme of 50 Gbit/s modules was conducted, the parameters of various types of optical modules were rigorously tested, standardized suggestions for the optoelectronic interface parameters of 50 Gbit/s front-haul modules were proposed, the current standard status of 50 Gbit/s modules at home and abroad was detailed, and the development trend of future applications was prospected.

In light of safety concerns steming from low system inertia and insufficient frequency regulation reserve in large-scale integration of renewable energy sources， an optimal scheduling model for new energy power systems considering wind turbine inertia support and active power reserve is proposed. Firstly， a wind turbine inertia model is established to account for real-time wind speed and its contribution to system inertia support response along with a model for the active power reserve under curtailed wind turbine output. Then， a two-stage stochastic robust optimization scheduling model is constructed. To minimize total operating costs， column-and-constraint generation （CCG） algorithm is employed to solve the model. Finally， the model is applied to analyze an enhanced IEEE-RTS 24-node system as a case study. The results demonstrate that the proposed model significantly reduces overall costs and curtailment of wind and solar power.

In response to the issue of small particle size and difficult removal of suspended particles in the mine water of Baorixile open-pit coal mine, this study probed into the optimal parameters of the coagulation and precipitation process through single-factor and orthogonal experiments, and explored the mechanism behind the coagulation of fine particles in mine water.The optimal process parameters for coagulation and precipitation include: 50 mg/L of polyaluminum chloride (PAC), 5.0 mg/L of non-ionic polyacrylamide (NPAM) under 1 minute of rapid stirring (300 r/min), 8 minutes of slow stirring (50 r/min), and 5 minutes of settling.Under these optimum process conditions, the concentration of suspended solids (SS) is 5.0 mg/L with a removal efficiency of 99.1 %.Compared to the sole addition of PAC, the removal efficiency of fine particles below 10 μm increased by 25.9 %.Additionally, theζpotential of the mine water decreased from -40.9 mV to -16.3 mV, indicating that the coagulation mechanism of fine particles is mainly attributed to the adsorption and charge neutralization of PAC and the bridging effect of PAM.

ObjectiveTo determine the effects of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. on the regulation of lipid metabolism based on metabolomics.MethodsTwenty-four rats were randomly divided into the normal control and D. nobile treatment （0.25 g/kg） groups. Rats were intragastrically administered their assigned treatment once every 6 h for 5 d. After the last treatment， the plasma and liver of the animals were collected. Metabolomics were evaluated using UPLC-MS. Principal component analysis （PCA）， cluster analysis， and KEGG pathway analysis were performed to assess the metabolomics data. Compared with the normal control group， different metabolites were identified in the D. nobile treatment group. The expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes were validated using quantitative real-time PCR.ResultsObvious differences were found between the normal control group and D. nobile treatment group， with significant differences obtained for 1 448 metabolites （P

BackgroundThe total dose effect of ionization on satellites in Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) is caused by space particle radiation in GEO.PurposeThis study aims to combine high-performance cerium-doped yttrium-lutetium silicate (LYSO:Ce) crystals with an aluminum layer to shield the effect of proton irradiation for effective electron radiation dose detection.MethodsFirstly, the detector model was established using Geant4, the shielding effects of different materials for LYSO:Ce detector were compared. Then, the response characteristics of the detector were analyzed, and the factors affecting the output response of the detector at different shielding layer thicknesses were investigated.ResultsThe results showed that the effect of proton irradiation can be eliminated by using 0.022 mm aluminum as the shielding layer. The LYSO:Ce crystal-based detector has a good linear response, and the secondary electrons and photons generated when electrons pass through the shield improve the response sensitivity of the detector. The ionization stopping power of the electron is approximately inversely proportional to the square of the incident electron velocity, and the detector response to radiation is enhanced when the transmission distance between the electron and the detector was appropriately increased. The highest electron detection efficiency of the detector occurs in the energy range of 0.04~1 MeV.ConclusionsThis study on the characteristics of electron radiation dose detector on the basis of LYSO:Ce crystals combined with an aluminum layer provides a technical reference and theoretical support for designing new scintillator space radiation detectors.

Objective Granitic magmas are genetically associated with magmatic-hydrothermal deposits and oil and gas reservoirs. The emplacement of granitic magmas into cooler rocks produced thermal anomaly and thermal stress, yet systematic studies on the spatial and temporal evolution of thermal stress still need to be completed. Previous numerical modeling often used rocks' linear thermal expansion coefficient at room temperature, but this parameter is highly temperature-dependent and reaches much higher levels at high temperatures. Therefore, the magnitude of the thermal stress caused by magma emplacement needs to be re-examined. A series of numerical experiments were carried out to investigate how the surrounding rock's lithology (granite or carbonate rocks), Young's modulus, thermal parameters, and the depth of magma emplacement affect the thermal stress generated by the magma in the overlying surrounding rocks. Methods Because the magma cools and eventually reaches thermal equilibrium with the surrounding strata, numerical simulation is one of the common methods to examine the thermal stress after magma emplacement quantitatively. This article used FLAC3D software to simulate the thermal stress caused by the emplacement of granitic magma into the upper crust. The differential equations we solved include the thermal conduction and linear thermoelasticity equations. The models' thermal field influences the stress field through temperature difference and the linear thermal expansion coefficient. However, changes in the stress field do not affect the thermal field, i.e., one-way coupling between the thermal field and the stress field. Results (1) Heat transfer is quicker on wallrocks with high thermal conductivity, causing a faster change in thermal stress. Compared to the high-thermal-conductivity case, the same thermal stress can be produced on wallrocks with a lower thermal conductivity after a more extended period of magma cooling. (2) The thermal stress produced by the surrounding rock's Young's modulus of 80 GPa is higher than the surrounding rock's Young's modulus of 60 GPa and 40 GPa. (3)The thermal stress simulated in the article is an order of magnitude larger than those generated using the linear coefficient of thermal expansion at room temperature. The thermal stress induced by granite surrounding rocks is nearly 30 MPa higher than that induced by carbonate rocks. (4) The thermal stress decreases with increasing distance from magma, approaching the initial stresses at nearly 2 km. (5) When the emplacement depth is shallow, both initial temperature and initial stress are lower than those in deeper emplacements; The magma room cools faster at shallow depths. Because the initial temperature of magma is the same, shallow emplacements will produce higher thermal stresses on overlying surrounding rocks. Conclusion The modeling results indicate that the thermal conductivity of surrounding rocks influences the change rate of thermal stress through the heat transfer rate. The thermal stress increases with the surrounding rock's Young's modulus. Since the average Young's modulus of granites is greater than that of carbonate rocks, the thermal stress on granite is greater than that on carbonate rocks. Either granites or carbonate rocks at high temperatures have a thermal expansion coefficient about one order of magnitude greater than that at room temperature, resulting in thermal stress of up to 100 MPa. The temperature of the surrounding rock gradually increases after the granite magma emplacement, corresponding to the increasing thermal stress. The thermal stress decreases with increasing distance from magma, exerting no influence on the initial stress of host rocks above 2 km of the granitic magma. When the magma emplacement is shallow, the combination of high thermal stress and low initial stress is more conducive to the formation and expansion of fractures in overlying surrounding rock. Significance The results of numerical simulations reveal that the thermal stresses generated by magma emplacement can affect the stress field 2 km above the magma. These localized and short-lived thermal stresses may fracture the overlying rocks, providing transport channels or ore-bearing spaces for later hydrothermal fluids.

Studies on leisure walking among older adults have received extensive attention from various areas such as public health, medicine/prevention, sports, geography, architecture, urban/transportation planning, and leisure, as they focus on various themes, including the health benefits of walking, walking behavior surveys, walking behavior, and influencing factors. In such an information-dense study, the duration and frequency of walking are proven to be critical indicators used to evaluate physical activity and are widely applied to provide an essential basis for health interventions for older adults. Leisure walking is the most common activity among older adults in China and is generally performed daily. However, studies on leisure walking among older adults in China remain lacking, leading to the urgent need for additional empirical studies. This study attempted to build a framework for the factors influencing the duration-frequency pattern of daily leisure walking among older adults using the ecological model theory, which could be used as instructions for the case studies. This study was performed using 1,285 samples of leisure walking behavior of older adults in Nanjing. Multivariate logistic regression and other methods were used to explore the duration and frequency pattern of daily leisure walking and its influencing factors among older adults in Nanjing. The results showed that: 1) even though most older adults in Nanjing have not reached the physical activity level recommended by the World Health Organization. In general, the duration and frequency of daily leisure walking among older adults in Nanjing is characterized by "medium duration and high frequency", with the medium and high duration accounting for 75.02% and the medium and high frequency accounting for 89.96%, and the duration and frequency pattern of leisure walking differed among groups. 2) Certain factors commonly influence the duration and frequency pattern of daily leisure walking among older adults in Nanjing, including individual social factors, such as gender, family structure, and residence time in Nanjing, and psychological factors, such as walking preference, walking motivation, perception of personal constraints, and walking behavior intention. 3) The study reports differential factors, including health conditions, negotiation efficacy, and perceived constraints of the built environment, that could affect the duration pattern of daily leisure walking for older adults. The study reports that age and monthly personal income were the main factors influencing the variable frequency pattern of daily leisure walking among older adults. Based on the above study, theoretical and practical implications for facilitating leisure walking participation among older adults in China are discussed.

Background: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked recessive Mendelian genetic disorder characterized by neonatal jaundice and hemolytic anemia, affecting more than 400 million people worldwide. The purpose of this research was to investigate prevalence rates of G6PD deficiency and to evaluate and establish specific cut-off values in early prediction of G6PD deficiency by regions (HeFei, FuYang, AnQing) on different seasons, as well as to investigate the frequencies of G6PD gene mutations among three regions mentioned above. Methods: A total of 31,482 neonates (21,402, 7680, and 2340 for HeFei, FuYang, and AnQing cities, respectively) were recruited. Positive subjects were recalled to attend genetic tests for diagnosis. G6PD activity on the Genetic screening processor (GSP analyzer, 2021-0010) was measured following the manufactureržs protocol. The cut-off value was first set to 35 U/dL. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was employed to assess and compare the efficiency in predicting G6PD deficiency among HeFei, FuYang, and AnQing cities in different seasons. Results: 31482 participants were screened for G6PD deficiency, and 29 neonates were finally identified with G6PD deficiency, with a prevalence rate of 0.09%. The incidence rate of the G6PD deficiency was 0.10% (22/21,380) for HeFei, 0.04%(3/7,667) for FuYang, and 0.17% (4/2,396) for AnQing. The optimal cut-off values of the ROC curve in the prediction of G6PD deficiency was 26.55 U/dL for HeFei (spring: 21.80 U/dL, summer: 26.55 U/dL, winter: 23.16 U/dL), 6.35 U/dL for FuYang, 7.15 U/dL for AnQing. R463H (17/57, 29.82%) was the most frequent variation, followed by R459L (15/57, 26.31%), H32R (8/57, 14.04%), L342F (6/57, 10.53%), V291M (6/57, 10.53%). Conclusion: We have established the optimal cut-off values of G6PD activity in predicting G6PD deficiency among HeFei, FuYang and AnQing in different seasons. This will aid the early detection of G6PD deficiency among neonates of the regions mentioned above. We have also investigated the prevalence of the regions and discovered frequency mutations. Those results will help G6PD screening promotion and precision diagnosis for Anhui province.

Objective: To detect and locate the boundary line between paddy and brown rice in separation equipment. Methods: A method based on straight-line edge detection was proposed by performing model matching with different color features. Converted the resulting images to grayscale and applied the linear edge detection algorithm to locate the target position. Results: Our approach reduced the error to within 5% and significantly improved recognition accuracy compared to traditional methods. Conclusion: Proposed method has a small recognition error, making it suitable for identifying the boundary between paddy and brown rice.

Spiking neural network (SNN) is a new generation of artificial neural network. It is more biologically plausible and has been widely concerned by scholars owing to its unique information coding schemes, rich spatiotemporal dynamics, and event-driven operating mode with low power. In recent years, SNN has been explored and applied in many fields such as medical health, industrial detection, and intelligent driving. First, the basic elements and learning algorithms of SNN are introduced, including classical spiking neuron models, spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP), and common information coding methods. The advantages and disadvantages of the learning algorithms are also analyzed. Then, the mainstream software simulators and neuromorphic hardware of SNN are summarized. Subsequently, the research progress and application scenarios of SNN in terms of computer vision, natural language processing, and reasoning decision are introduced. Particularly, SNN has shown strong potentials in tasks such as object detection, action recognition, semantic cognition, and speech recognition, significantly improving computational performance. Future research and application of SNN should focus on strengthening the research on key core technologies, promoting the application of technological achievements, and continuously optimizing the industrial ecology, thus to catch up with the advanced international level. Moreover, continuous research and breakthroughs of brain-inspired systems and control theories will promote the establishment of large-scale SNN models and are expected to broaden the application prospect of artificial intelligence.

We investigate the topological superconductor candidate UTe_{2} using high-resolution valence-band resonant inelastic x-ray scattering at the U M_{4,5} edges. We observe atomiclike low-energy excitations that support the correlated nature of this unconventional superconductor. These excitations originate from the U 5f^{2} configuration, which is unexpected since the short Te2-Te2 distances exclude Te2 being 2−. By utilizing the photoionization cross-section dependence of the photoemission spectra in combination with band structure calculations, we infer that the stabilization of the U 5f^{2} configuration is due to the U 6d bonding states in the U dimers acting as a charge reservoir. Our results emphasize that the description of the physical properties should commence with a 5f^{2} ansatz.

Objective: This study aimed to induce the machine vision technology into the appearance detection of Pleurotus eryngii. Methods: A bilateral filter was proposed to replace Gaussian filter as image smoothing filter, and Ostu maximum inter-class variance method was proposed to replace the improved Canny operator, based on fixed double threshold segmentation, and used as edge detection algorithm. HALCON operator and color space conversion were used to extract the length, diameter, curvature, evenness, color and cap defects of P. erynii, and the development and design of visual software function modules were completed, under the VS 2017 development environment with HALCON 18.05 and C#. Results: 200 pieces of P. eryngii were randomly obtained to test the accuracy of the algorithm and the performance of the visual software. The diameter grading accuracy of the Pleurotus eryngii was 83%, and the remaining characteristic elements could reach more than 95%, with the overall classification accuracy of all specifications more than 90%. Conclusion: The classification of appearance quality of P. eryngii can be completed through the improvement of algorithm and the design of visual software.

The microbial induced carbonate precipitation(MICP) technology is proposed in the field of backfill mining to tackle high emission and high energy consumption in the current backfill system.Specifically, mechanical properties of microbial cemented backfill materials are investigated, and a proposal of microbial cemented backfill mining technology is presented in this paper.Results show that the strength of mixed and grouted microbial cemented backfill first increases and then decreases with the increase of cementation solution concentration and bacterial solution dosage.The average strength is 0.88 MPa and 17.95 MPa respectively.The effective CaCO3 crystal in the microbial backfill material is the key to its consolidation.The CaCO3 crystal of the mixing sample exists in the form of calcite and vaterite, and mainly calcite in the grouted sample.Microbial cemented backfill mining technology has significant environmental benefits such as energy conservation and emission reduction.There is happy prospect for this technology under current environmental needs and policies.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of zinc finger protein A20 in the nucleus pulposus cells of intervertebral disc with hypoxic conditions. Methods Rat intervertebral discs were cultured in normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (1% O2) conditions treated with dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) and divided into normoxia group, normoxia+DMOG group, hypoxia group and hypoxia+DMOG group. Histological staining and Western blotting were used to detect the histomorphological changes of the nucleus pulposus and the differences in expression of HIF-1α and A20. A20 interfering adenovirus were used to treat human nucleus pulposus cells with hypoxic and normoxic condition respectively, and divided into hypoxia+empty adenovirus group, hypoxia+A20 interference adenovirus group, normoxia+empty adenovirus group and normoxia+A20 interference adenovirus group. Flow cytometry, JC-1 detection, EdU detection and Western blotting were used to detect the differences in apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, proliferation, extracellular matrix and inflammatory cytokine expression of nucleus pulposus cells. Results Compared with the normoxia group, the morphological degeneration of the other 3 groups was milder, and the protein levels of HIF-1α and A20 were significantly increased (P < 0.05); Compared with the hypoxia+empty adenovirus group, the hypoxia+A20 interference adenovirus group showed the increased protein levels of TNF-α and P-p65 in nucleus pulposus cells (P < 0.05), increased apoptosis (P < 0.05), decreased cell proliferation (P < 0.05) and decreased protein levels of extracellular matrix proteins (P < 0.05). In the normoxia+empty adenovirus group and the normoxia+A20 interference adenovirus group, there was no significant difference of the indicators mentioned above. Conclusion Hypoxia can inhibit the apoptosis and attenuate inflammation and promote the proliferation and the anabolism of extracellular matrix in nucleus pulposus cells by inducing the expression of A20 protein.

[Objective] Livestock and poultry farming manure pollution, the high cost of manure resource use of input problems has become an important constraint on the sustainable development of large-scale dairy farms in China, through the exploration of farm manure resource use technology adoption behavioural mechanisms and their economic effects, for technology promotion, energy saving and emission reduction has an important role in promoting. [Methods] Based on the survey data of 218 large-scale dairy farms in 15 provinces in China and using net income and environmental efficiency to comprehensively reflect the economic effects of manure resource utilization technology adoption, this study used the Probit and propensity score matching (PSM) models to investigate the influencing factors of manure resource utilization technology adoption behavior of farms of different scales, and evaluate the economic effects of the adoption of manure resource utilization technologies in different scale farms. [Results] In terms of technology adoption decisions, the adoption of faecal resource utilisation technology on moderate farms was significantly associated with the age of the farm manager, farming density, proportion of technicians, type of milking machine, nature of the farm, and environmental regulations; the adoption of faecal resource utilisation technology on large-scale farms was mainly affected by environmental regulations such as environmental constraints and incentive policies, as well as by farming density. In terms of economic effects, the environmental efficiency and net returns of large-scale farms were higher than those of moderate-scale farms, and the adoption of manure resource utilisation technology could increase the net returns and environmental efficiency of moderate-scale farms by about 26% and 6%, respectively, and could improve the environmental efficiency of large-scale farms by about 4%, with little effect on their net returns. [Conclusion] The pressure of manure treatment can be effectively alleviated by improving the supervision and support system of livestock and poultry manure, strengthening the technical training of breeding personnel, and promoting moderate scale breeding. In the future, it is still necessary to provide basic support for the utilization of fecal waste resources through scientific and technological innovation and technology promotion, and promote the high-quality development of animal husbandry.

At present, metro engineering vehicles rely on visual driving by the driver, and there are safety problems such as rushing cross signals, overspeed and impacting switch in complex operation scenarios. This paper proposes a piece of shunting protection software based on the BeiDou satellite positioning system, and expounds its function design, software interface, mode conversion and protection method in detail. The shunting protection software uses safety computer platform tools, adopts modular design, and makes comprehensive use of the BeiDou satellite positioning system, beacon positioning system, computer-based interlocking system and binary tree theory to realize precise protection of metro engineering vehicles in shunting operation, effectively solve the safety risks in the operation process, and improve the safety of the metro engineering vehicles in shunting operation. At the end of 2020, the shunting protection software was tested in Guangzhou Metro Line 5 and Yuzhu Rolling Stock Depot.The results show that it can timely protect against rushing cross signals, overspeed and impacting switch, and meet the safety protection requirements of users for shunting operation.

In this study, zein-based gluten-free model dough (Z dough) was prepared with zein, corn starch, and wormwood gum. Based on the flour quality test, the kneading torque, water composition and protein distribution of the zein simulated dough with different lactic acid content were compared when finish dough (torque up to 1.1 Nm; set as ZS dough) and kneading for 12 minutes (set as ZL dough) conditions. The optimal amount of lactic acid added to kneadable dough was explored, and the physical and chemical properties of zein in dough with different lactic acid content were discussed under the action of kneading for a certain period of time, which could and provide reference for the preparation of related cereal products. Studies have shown that adding a small amount of lactic acid could promote zein to build a protein network in the dough, but long-term kneading would lead to decreasing the strength of the acidified dough, destroying the continuity of the zein network in the dough, reducing the level of zein wrapping on starch granules and weak bonding in the dough. The proportion of water decreased and the proportion of free water increased. The surface hydrophobicity increased and the relative molecular weight decreased, when the deamidation reaction of zein occurred. The analysis showed that the dough gradually weakened after a long time of kneading, because the kneading effect would expand the effect of lactic acid on zein in the dough, which would increase the hydrophobicity of the protein surface and fragment the protein, and lead to a decrease in the coherence of the zein network.

In order to improve the start-up ability of speed adjustable magnetic coupling, the maximum starting torque of the magnetic coupling was studied. We analyze the magnetic circuit structure of the variable speed magnetic coupling, study the method of enhancing the air gap magnetic field, use the three-dimensional finite element software to compare and analyze the influence of the opening of the magnetic gathering slot on the starting torque of the magnetic coupling, and discuss the cogging torque caused by the uneven distribution of the air gap magnetic field caused by the magnetic gathering slot. We use different methods to suppress the cogging torque, analyze the number of cogging, the shape of cogging, and the influence law of the tooth slot width on the operating characteristics of the magnetic coupling. The results show that the magnetic gathering slot can effectively improve the starting torque of the speed adjustable magnetic coupling, and the minimum common multiple between the slots and magnet poles has definite effect on the cogging torque suppression. At the same time, the inclined slot can improve the starting torque while maintaining the rated torque of the magnetic coupling. The width of the slots needs to be selected after considering the actual needs.

【Objective】 Water and nitrogen are two factors influencing crop growth and yield the most. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally study their combined effect on fruit water content, nutrient translocation and accumulation, and yield components of fruits in different trusses of greenhouse tomato. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a solar greenhouse. It consisted of four pure nitrogen application amounts: 0 (N0), 150 (N1), 300 kg/hm2 (N2) and 450 kg/hm2 (N3), and three irrigation treatments by irrigating 50% (I1), 70% (I2) or 90% (I3) of the evaporation measured from a standard 20 cm pan (Epan) installed in the greenhouse. In each treatment, we measured fruit water (FW) content, fruit total nitrogen (FTN) content, fruit total potassium (FTK) content, and the yield components of the fruits in every truss. 【Result】 There were significant differences in fruit nutrients and yield components between the trusses. The incongruous N/K ratio in the first truss did not support the improvement of yield components. The synergistic effect of N and K in the 2nd truss resulted in the largest fruit-setting numbers and average fruit weight. Increasing irrigation amount had no significant effect on FTN and FTK contents in every truss, but significantly increased FW content, fruit-setting numbers, average fruit weight and fruit yield of every truss. However, the increase in fruit-setting numbers in every truss became small when the irrigation amount exceeded 70% of Epan. Increasing nitrogen fertilization significantly reduced FW content in every truss, promoted translocation of N and K to the fruits, and increased the fruit-setting numbers and fruit yield. However, the increase in fruit-setting numbers and yield was small or even negative when nitrogen fertilization exceeded 150 kg/hm2. Compared with N0, N1, N2 and N3 increased the average fruit-setting numbers of every truss by 13.94%, 10.38% and 10.68% respectively, and the fruit yield by 13.63%, 10.66% and 8.42%, respectively. The significant difference in fruit-setting numbers and average fruit weight in each truss between the treatments was due to the variation in translocation of nutrient and water to the fruits in different trusses. 【Conclusion】 The optimal irrigation and nitrogen fertilization for greenhouse tomato studied in this paper is to irrigate 70% of Epan and fertilize 150 kg/hm2 of nitrogen.

A procedure for quantifying the U 5f electronic covalency and degree of localization in U intermetallic compounds is presented. To this end, bulk sensitive hard and soft x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were utilized in combination with density-functional theory (DFT) plus dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) calculations. The energy dependence of the photoionization cross sections allows the disentanglement of the U 5f contribution to the valence band from the various other atomic subshells so the computational parameters in the DFT+DMFT can be reliably determined. Applying this method to UGa_{2} and UB_{2} as model compounds from opposite ends of the (de)localization range, we have achieved excellent simulations of the valence band and core-level spectra. The width in the distribution of atomic U 5f configurations contributing to the ground state, as obtained from the calculations, quantifies the correlated nature and degree of localization of the U 5f. The findings permit answering the longstanding question why different spectroscopic techniques give seemingly different numbers for the U 5f valence in intermetallic U compounds.

The synchronous phasor measurement technology offers data for dynamic security monitoring in power systems. The non-contact voltage sensing technology has the advantages of safety, convenience and low cost, which is helpful for massive distribution of measurement devices. The defect of the existing non-contact voltage measurement technology is that the voltage probe may cause voltage distortion, and it is difficult to figure out the primary voltagephasor. In order to solve the problem of voltage distortion, the distortion law of voltage is revealed by analyzing the non-contact probe's equivalent circuit and transmission characteristic, and a phasor measurement algorithm for each in-band signal is proposed. Signal pre-processing is used to filter the out-of-band signals and noise first; The matrix pencil method is used to calculate the in-band signal's frequencies, which is used to build signal model, then the in-band signal phasors are figured out by fitting in time-domain; Lastly, the secondary phasors are restored to obtain the primary in-band signal phasors and synthetical phasor. The simulation results show that the proposed method can figure out the primary voltage phasor by using the sample of the probe output voltage. Experiment data show that the amplitude measurement error is less than 4.5%, the phase error is less than 1°, the frequency error is less than 0.04 Hz, and the frequency change rate error is less than 4 Hz/s.

【Objective】 To explore the effects of the interaction between leaf spraying and soil water on the growth yield and water use efficiency of tomato plants in greenhouse. 【Method】 The objective is through pot experiment, this study took greenhouse tomato (Jingfan 404) as the research object, four exogenous selenium (selenium source: Na2SeO3) spraying concentration (S0: clear water control, S2.5: 2.5 mg/L, S5: 5 mg/L and S10: 10 mg/L) and three irrigation control levels were set (the lower irrigation limit was controlled as 50% of field water capacity (W1: severe drought), 65% (W2: mild drought), 80% (W3: full water supply), a total of 12 treatments, to study the effects of different soil moisture conditions and foliar spraying different concentrations of selenium on the growth, selenium content, yield and water use efficiency of tomato plants and fruits in greenhouse. 【Result】 With the increase of irrigation control level, plant height, stem diameter and fruit average growth rate increased significantly, and significantly affected leaf selenium content. The effects of exogenous selenium on plant height and tomato growth rate reached a significant level (p

【Objective】 In order to solve the problem of high impurity rate in current machine-harvested cotton planting patterns and clarify the suitable planting pattern and corresponding optimal irrigation quota for drip irrigation under mulch in southern Xinjiang. 【Method】 Treatments of two planting patterns (M1, three rows of cottons under one film with equal row spacing; M2, Six rows of cottons under one film with wide and narrow rows) and three irrigation quotas (W1, 30 mm; W2, 37.5 mm; W3, 45 mm) were conducted to investigate the coupling effects of different planting patterns and irrigation quota on cotton growth, bud and boll distribution, defoliation rate, yield and water use efficiency. 【Result】 The results showed that planting pattern significantly affected the plant height and stem diameter of cotton. Compared to M2 treatment, the plant height and stem diameter of M1 treatment increased by 30.29% and 13.45%, respectively; the plant height and stem diameter increased with increasing of irrigation quota, and little differences was found between W2 and W3 treatments, but significantly higher than that of W1 treatment. M1 planting mode is more conducive to increase the number of upper and inner bolls, and number of middle and upper bolls increased with increasing of soil water content, thus improved the cotton yield. Compared to M2 treatment, the number of bolls per plant, lint percentage, seed cotton yield and lint yield of M1 treatment increased by 65.72%, 1.46%, 3.33% and 6.87%, respectively. The seed cotton yield increased with increasing irrigation quota, but the differences of water use efficiency among treatments were not significant. The seed cotton yield was followed by W3>W2>W1, and no difference was found between W3 and W2 treatment. 【Conclusion】 Therefore, the equal row spacing planting mode under machine-harvested was recommended in southern Xinjiang, and the irrigation quota of 37.5 mm was adopted to promote cotton growth and achieve the purpose of increasing yield and efficiency.

Abstract Designing efficient catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of importance for energy conversion devices. The anionic redox allows formation of O-O bonds and offers higher OER activity than the conventional metal sites. Here, we successfully prepare LiNiO2 with a dominant 3d 8 L configuration (L is a hole at O 2p) under high oxygen pressure, and achieve a double ligand holes 3d 8 L 2 under OER since one electron removal occurs at O 2p orbitals for NiIII oxides. LiNiO2 exhibits super-efficient OER activity among LiMO2, RMO3 (M = transition metal, R = rare earth) and other unary 3d catalysts. Multiple in situ/operando spectroscopies reveal NiIII→NiIV transition together with Li-removal during OER. Our theory indicates that NiIV (3d 8 L 2) leads to direct O-O coupling between lattice oxygen and *O intermediates accelerating the OER activity. These findings highlight a new way to design the lattice oxygen redox with enough ligand holes created in OER process.

The separation attitude of air-to-air missile to fighter should be adjusted adaptively in wide range to meet the missile-aircraft separation requirements under different flight states, but current ejection separation mechanism with fixed separation attitude could not meet the requirements. To solve this problem, a metamorphic ejection separation mechanism is proposed. Metamorphic PR-R kinematic pair is used to replace traditional hinge kinematic pair in the key hinge of ejection separation mechanism, the ejection forces of the front and rear push arm to missile are changed in real time, then missile ejection separation attitude could be adjusted adaptively in wide range. Multi-body dynamics model of metamorphic ejection separation mechanism is established, and the dynamics simulation analysis is carried out. Simulation results shows that the proposed metamorphic ejection separation mechanism could adjust separation attitude in wide range, which lays a foundation for the further realization of real-time intelligent control of the airborne missile ejection mechanism.

Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency is a global health issue that afflicts people of different age groups all over the world. As a reliable indicator for the evaluation of vitamin D, 25OHD is usually determined by LC-MS/MS. The tandem mass spectrometry based on ion trap has the characteristics of simple structure and high sensitivity. However, there are some problems such as narrow linear range and space charge effect, which limit its analysis of trace substances in complex matrix samples. In this study, the device and technology of a new quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry was used to reduce the space charge interference of trace or ultra trace target ions by high abundance impurity ions in complex matrices. For the first time, isotope dilution mass spectrometry for accurate measurement of serum 25OHD was established by QLIT-6610MD, which is quadrupole-linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometer, and was independently developed by Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology. Serum samples were precipitated with methanol, extracted with n-hexane, dried with liquid nitrogen, redissolved in the initial mobile phase, and determined by QLIT-6610MD. The matrix-matched standard curve was used for quantification. The linear ranges of 25OHD2 and 25OHD3 were in the range of 0.78-50 μg/L and 1.56-100 μg/L with R2>0.999 9, respectively. The detection and quantification limits of 25OHD2 and 25OHD3 were 0.06, 0.12 μg/L and 0.02, 0.06 μg/L, respectively. The precision of quality control was better than 4.06%. The recoveries ranged from 99.25% to 108.38%, and the coefficients of variation were all less than 5.1%. After the method confirmation, the quantitative results of clinical samples were compared with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. 50 Clinical serum samples were measured and compared by QLIT-6610MD, AB 4500MD and YS EXACT 9900MD. The correlation and consistency of the data were analyzed by Pearson and Bland-Altman. The correlation coefficient of the three groups data was R≥0.998 0, P

Mangroves are one of the most important wetland ecosystems. The development of fisheries in tropical and subtropical bays or estuaries is closely associated with mangroves since the high heterogeneity of the mangrove ecosystem provides a suitable habitat for marine organisms. However, multiple factors have led to a significant reduction in mangroves, such as water pollution, disease, insect pests, invasive alien species, and climate change. It is crucial to understand the relationships among organisms, as well as the interactions between organisms and their environment, by studying the ecological niche width and overlap of species. Therefore, two new perspectives of ecological niche width and ecological niche overlap were used to understand the interspecific ecological relationships, competition mechanisms, and resource utilization status of fish communities in mangrove forests. Based on the data collected during seasonal sampling in July 2019 (summer), October 2019 (autumn), January 2020 (winter), and May 2020 (spring) in the Nanliujiang Estuary, the index of relative importance (IRI), Shannon index, and Pianka index were employed to analyze the temporal and spatial niche of the main fish species in the mangrove creeks and to study niche differentiation among the main fish species by redundancy analysis. A total of 17,680 individual fish were collected in this study, belonging to 12 orders, 23 families, 37 genera, and 45 species. Ten main fish species with IRI>100 were identified. Among the main fish species, the temporal niche breadth ranged from 0.46 to 1.78, with the highest of which belonging to Butis butis (1.78) and the lowest belonging to Pseudogobius javanicus (0.46). The spatial niche breadth ranged from 0.81 to 2.05, with the highest of which belonging to Synechogobius ommaturus (2.05) and the lowest belonging to P. javanicus (0.81). The spatiotemporal niche breadth of six species was greater than 2 (wide-niche species) that included Mugil cephalus, Coptodon zillii, Bostrychus sinensis, S. ommaturus, B. butis, and Pisodonophis boro. With regard to overlap, the temporal niche overlap between M. cephalus and P. javanicus was the highest (0.928), whereas that between Ambassis urotaenia and Terapon jarbua (0.001) was the lowest. The spatial niche overlap between A. urotaenia and Gambusia affinis was the highest (0.979), whereas that between M. cephalus and P. javanicus (0.178) was the lowest. Finally, the spatiotemporal niche overlap between C. zillii and P. javanicus was the highest (0.822), whereas that between A. urotaenia and Terapon jarbua (0.001) was the lowest. The two-dimensional temporal and spatial niche pairs in the mangrove creeks of the Nanliujiang River Estuary significantly overlapped (Qik > 0.6), accounting for 6.7% of the total species pairs, indicating that the temporal and spatial distributions of species were quite different and the temporal and spatial niche overlap was affected by seasonal changes. Redundancy analysis revealed that the main factors affecting spatiotemporal niche differentiation of the main fish species in the mangrove creeks of the Nanliujiang Estuary were water temperature, salinity, and Chlorophyll a. And the main fish biomass in winter was positively correlated with salinity; the main fish biomass in spring was positively correlated with dissolved oxygen, pH and Chlorophyll a; the main fish biomass in summer was positively correlated with total organic carbon, water temperature and Chlorophyll a; the main fish biomass in autumn was positively correlated with total nitrogen, turbidity and total phosphorus.

【Objective】 Soil salinity is an abiotic factor facing agriculture production in Xinjiang, and a common remediation is to leach the salt out of the root zone before planting. Taking cotton as an example, this paper studied the efficacy of pre-planting drip irrigation in desalinizing the soil and sustaining cotton growth. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a cotton field. It consisted of two pre-treatments: drip-irrigating 90 mm of water before seed drilling, and conventional flooding irrigation using 180 mm of water before seed drilling. After that the crops were watered ten times using mulched drip irrigation, each irrigating 30 mm (W1), 37.5 mm (W2) or 45 mm (W3) of water. During the experiment, we measured the changes in soil water and salt contents, growth, dry matter accumulation, yield, and water use efficiency of the crop in each treatment. 【Result】 Compared with conventional flooding spring irrigation, spring drip irrigation kept soil moistened enough for seedling emergence; it also significantly increased water content in the 0~80 cm soil layer during the whole growing period. Salt accumulated in the 0~40 cm soil layer, with its EC at bud and boll stages increasing by 7.84% and 8.75%, respectively, compared to that at seedling stage. Soil EC increased as time elapsed in all treatments, but the increase decreased as the irrigation amount increased, with EC in the 0~100 cm soil layer in W1, W2 and W3 increasing by 30.11%, 12.12% and 11.11%, respectively. Increasing irrigation amount also improved plant height, stem diameter, dry matter accumulation, yield and water use efficiency, but reduced irrigation water use efficiency. There was no significant difference in yield and water use efficiency between W1 and W3 regardless of the spring irrigations, but the yield and water use efficiency in W2 differed significantly between the two spring irrigations. 【Conclusion】 Considering cotton yield and water use efficiency, the optimal irrigation quots for the whole growth period is 45 mm combined with a spring drip irrigation of 90 mm to leach the salt out of the root zone. For conventional spring irrigation to leach the salt, the irrigation quots of the 10 subsequent irrigations can be reduced to 37.5 mm in which the seeded cotton yield reached 7 207.81 kg/hm2.

45 steel has the problems of low wear resistance and poor corrosion resistance. CoCrFeMnNiMox (x=0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00) high-entropy alloy coating was prepared on 45 steel by laser cladding. The influence of Mo on the microstructure and properties of coating were explored in detail. The results show that the CoCrFeMnNiMox high-entropy alloy coating is composed of a single face-centered cubic (FCC)solid-solution phase. The microstructure of the Mo-containing coating is a typical dendritic and interdendritic structure, which is caused by the heterogeneous nucleation of the molten pool during the solidification process. The microhardness of the coating increases with the increase of x, and the maximum microhardness of the Mo1.00 coating is 2.391 GPa. Quantitative calculations show that solution strengthening is the main reason for the increase of microhardness. With the increase of Mo mass fraction, the wear mechanism evolves from adhesive wear to abrasive wear and oxidative wear. The Mo1.00 coating has the lowest volume wear rate (0.68×10-4 mm3/(N·m)). The influence of the passivation process on the corrosion resistance of coating was analyzed based on the point defect model theory. The addition of the Mo element increases the dehydration rate of the passivation behavior of coating, which makes the oxide layer thicker, and thereby improving the corrosion resistance of coating. The corrosion mechanism of coatings is intergranular corrosion. Mo0.75 coating has the smallest self-corrosion current density and the most positive self-corrosion potential, which are 3.69×10-6 A/cm2 and -0.432 V, respectively.

During the landing process of wing-in-ground aircraft,the impact caused by the landing of broken steps is likely to lead to the buckling or damage of the structural surface.The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE)finite element method is utilized to simulate the water landing of a wing-in-ground aircraft,and the penalty function method is used in the two-phase interface fluid-solid interaction problem.The effect of different parameters such as horizontal flight velocity,falling velocity,pitch angle on the immersion depth,and overload are analyzed.The results show that the pressure maxima of the aircraft with water landing all occur at the broken step.With the increase of the pitch angle,the peak of vertical overload rises and then falls,while the peak of horizontal overload keeps reducing.When the pitch angle is 7°,the vertical overload peak reaches the highest,which is 1.4 times that of the lowest overload in the pitch angle of 15°.On the other hand,the peak of the horizontal overload rises as the horizontal component of flight velocity increases,and it is visible that there is no discernible effect on the peak of vertical overload.Meanwhile,an approximately linear relationship appears between the peak of vertical overload and the square of falling velocity.The larger the falling velocity,the bigger the peak of vertical overload.

Objective: When inspecting the appearance and quality of Litopenaeus Vannamei, the system can realize the automatic elimination of defective shrimps efficiently. Methods: Constructed an automatic shrimp elimination equipment and quality inspection. Structured an algorithm to extract shrimps' morphological feature, complete the clarification of normal and defective shrimps. Realizing defective shrimps' elimination by blowing them from the side to middle. Through the analysis of internal stress of shrimp, we calculated the correlation between blowing volume and moving distance. Moreover, the relationships among gass output volume, shrimps' moving distance and speed had been optimized. Results: With the increasing of experimental batches, the recognition rate increases gradually. When the experiment was carried out at the fourth time, the elimination rate can reach more than 95%. Conclusion: After the multi-channel device's parameters have been optimized, the system can achieve rapid elimination of defective shrimp online.

Tracking the evolution of air pollutants has a critical impact on our ability to further improve air quality, which have been extensively studied in the North China Plain (NCP), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) regions, but remain poorly characterized in Guizhou located in the east of Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Here, we analyzed spatiotemporal variations and trends of six criteria air pollutants, i.e., inhalable particles (PM10), fine particle (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3), from 2016 to 2020 in the focus major cities in Guizhou, taking advantage of the extensive network data available since 2016. The annual mean concentrations of the six criteria air pollutants were substantially lower than China’s national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS-II), confirmed a significant improvement of air quality in Guizhou. The annual mean concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, CO and NO2 all decreased year by year during 2016–2020 in the focus major cities, and the highest decrease occurred in fall or winter. By contrast, O3 increased with a rate ranged from 0.85 μg·m−3 yr−1 (95% CI: 0∼1.78) to 3.71 μg·m−3 yr−1 (95% CI: 2.54∼5.13), and the highest increase occurred in spring or summer, revealing a strong impetus for reducing O3 pollution. Correlations among the six criteria air pollutants unveiled that the correlation coefficients between PM2.5 and NO2 were higher than those of between PM2.5 and SO2 in most focus major cities, mirroring a priority to control NOx to further reduce PM2.5 pollution in Guizhou. The focus of curbing O3 pollution in Guizhou should be redesigned to mitigate multiple precursors from multiple sectors, and efficient control strategies to mitigate warm seasons O3 pollution should also be implemented in cold seasons. Our results will benefit for our knowledge about current air pollution situation and police makers for future air pollution control in Guizhou.

Aiming at the problem that the traditional UAV obstacle avoidance algorithm needs to build offline three-dimensional maps, discontinuous speed control and limited speed direction selection, we study the end-to-end obstacle avoidance decision method of UAV continuous action output based on DDPG(deep deterministic policy gradient) deep reinforcement learning algorithm. Firstly, an end-to-end decision control model based on DDPG algorithm is established. The model can output continuous control variables, namely UAV obstacle avoidance actions, according to the continuous state information perceived. Secondly, the training verification is carried out on the platform of UE4 + Airsim. The results show that the model can realize the end-to-end UAV obstacle avoidance decision. Finally, the 3DVFH(three dimensional vector field histogram) obstacle avoidance algorithm model with the same data source is compared and analyzed. The experiment shows that DDPG algorithm has better optimization effect on the obstacle avoidance trajectory of UAV.

The interaction of airflow and sea waves seriously affects the flight stability and cruising safety of ground effect vehicles. The influence of different sea states and different angles of attack were analyzed numerically on the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil under ground effect of wavy wall. The influence of the constant blowing and periodic blowing methods was further studied on the aerodynamic force of the airfoil under ground effect. The simulation results show that the lift coefficient of the airfoil changes periodically with the wave under the wavy ground wall. The amplitude of the lift coefficient fluctuation is larger with the increasing of wave height and angle of attack, or the decreasing of wavelength. Applying the circulation control method for periodic blowing in the same period as the relative motion of the waves can effectively weaken the fluctuation of the airfoil lift coefficient under wavy sea conditions and improve the flight stability and safety of ground effect vehicles.

ObjectiveTo establish microbial limit test methods for 44 pediatric drugs.MethodsAccording to the general guidelines in Chinese Pharmacopoeia （2015 and 2020 edition， volume Ⅳ），a suitability test of the methods for 44 drugs was carried out by pour-plate method， neutralization method or dilution method.ResultsTotal aerobic microbial count： chemical oral liquid samples can be tested by 1∶10 plate method；traditional Chinese medicine need to be neutralized firstly. Then oral liquids could be tested by 1∶10 plate method and 1∶100 plate method was used for granules. Total count of molds and yeasts： all the samples can be tested by the 1∶10 plate method. The recoveries of five test strains were between 0.5 and 2.0. The specified microorganisms were all detected in the test group， while not found in the negative control group.ConclusionThe microbial limit test methods for the 44 pediatric drugs are established and the results are reliable and can be used in the quality control．