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4 results on '"Livia S.A. Augustin"'

1. Glycemic Index Versus Wheat Fiber on Arterial Wall Damage in Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

David J.A. Jenkins, Laura Chiavaroli, Arash Mirrahimi, Sandra Mitchell, Dorothea Faulkner, Sandhya Sahye-Pudaruth, Melanie Paquette, Judy Coveney, Omodele Olowoyeye, Darshna Patel, Sathish Chandra Pichika, Balachandran Bashyam, Tishan Maraj, Chantal Gillett, Russell J. de Souza, Livia S.A. Augustin, Sonia Blanco Mejia, Stephanie K. Nishi, Lawrence A. Leiter, Robert G. Josse, Gail E. McKeown-Eyssen, Alan R. Berger, Philip W. Connelly, Korbua Srichaikul, Cyril W.C. Kendall, John L. Sievenpiper, and Alan R. Moody

Subjects
Male, Dietary Fiber, Blood Glucose, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glycemic Index, Cardiovascular Diseases, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Internal Medicine, Humans, Female, Triticum, Diet
Abstract

OBJECTIVE High cereal fiber and low-glycemic index (GI) diets are associated with reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in cohort studies. Clinical trial evidence on event incidence is lacking. Therefore, to make trial outcomes more directly relevant to CVD, we compared the effect on carotid plaque development in diabetes of a low-GI diet versus a whole-grain wheat-fiber diet. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study randomized 169 men and women with well-controlled type 2 diabetes to counseling on a low GI-diet or whole-grain wheat-fiber diet for 3 years. Change in carotid vessel wall volume (VWV) (prespecified primary end point) was assessed by MRI as an indication of arterial damage. RESULTS Of 169 randomized participants, 134 completed the study. No treatment differences were seen in VWV. However, on the whole-grain wheat-fiber diet, VWV increased significantly from baseline, 23 mm3 (95% CI 4, 41; P = 0.016), but not on the low-GI diet, 8 mm3 (95% CI −10, 26; P = 0.381). The low-GI diet resulted in preservation of renal function, as estimated glomerular filtration rate, compared with the reduction following the wheat-fiber diet. HbA1c was modestly reduced over the first 9 months in the intention-to-treat analysis and extended with greater compliance to 15 months in the per-protocol analysis. CONCLUSIONS Since the low-GI diet was similar to the whole-grain wheat-fiber diet recommended for cardiovascular risk reduction, the low-GI diet may also be effective for CVD risk reduction.

Published
2022
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2. List of Contributors

Author

Alfonso Abizaid, Johan Alsiö, Ross Andersen, Hymie Anisman, Narendra K. Arora, Livia S.A. Augustin, Marica Bakovic, Ruth Bell, Gary K. Beauchamp, Janet Beauvais, Antoine Bechara, William Bernstein, Lalita Bhattacharjee, John Blundell, Jennie Brand-Miller, Eleanor Bryant, Benjamin Caballero, Katherine G. Carman, Kenneth D. Carr, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Xiaoye Chen, Laura Chiavaroli, Stephen Colagiuri, Alain Dagher, Manoja Kumar Das, John M. de Castro, Angelo Del Parigi, Branden R. Deschambault, Scott Dickinson, Tanya L. Ditschun, Adam Drewnowski, Laurette Dubé, Petra Eichelsdoerfer, Ahmed El-Sohemy, Karen M. Eny, Brian G. Essex, Gary W. Evans, Graham Finlayson, Ayelet Fishbach, Robert J. Fisher, Louise Fresco, Amy A. Gorin, Jason Halford, Ross A. Hammond, Corinna Hawkes, C. Peter Herman, William B. Irvine, Philip James, David J.A. Jenkins, Philip J. Johnson, Peter J.H. Jones, Andrea R. Josse, Daniel Kahneman, Cyril W.C. Kendall, William D.S. Killgore, Neil King, Bärbel Knäuper, Peter Kooreman, Shiriki Kumanyika, Nicole Larson, Clare Lawton, Kathleen E. Leahy, Jordan LeBel, Catherine Le Galès, Allen S. Levine, Shanling Li, Alexandra. W. Logue, Dylan MacKay, Michael Marmot, John C. Mathers, John J. Medina, Julie A. Mennella, Lyne Mongeau, Carlos A. Monteiro, Karl J. Moore, Spencer Moore, Howard R. Moskowitz, David M. Mutch, Kristian Ove R. Myrseth, Erik Naslund, Pawel K. Olszewski, Jaak Panksepp, Heather Patrick, Prabhu Pingali, Patricia P. Pliner, Janet Polivy, Michele Reisner, Lise Renaud, Denis Richard, Thomas N. Robinson, Barbara J. Rolls, Edmund T. Rolls, Catherine Sabiston, Sarah-Jeanne Salvy, Nishta Saxena, Michelle A. Schamberg, Helgi B. Schiöth, T.N. Srinivasan, Christine Stich, Mary Story, Beth M. Tannenbaum, Louise Thibault, Elena Timofeeva, Kraisid Tontisirin, Angelo Tremblay, Josh van Loon, Patrick Webb, Nancy M. Wells, Geoffrey C. Williams, Julia M.W. Wong, Lin Xiao, Martin R Yeomans, David H. Zald, Dan Zhang, and Wenqing Zhang

Published
2010
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3. Glycemic index and load and risk of upper aero-digestive tract neoplasms (Italy).

Author

Livia S.A. Augustin, Silvano Gallus, Silvia Franceschi, Eva Negri, and David J.A. Jenkins

Abstract

Background: The ability of dietary carbohydrates to affect blood glucose and insulin levels by dietary carbohydrates is best measured by the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) which have been directly associated with risk of several chronic conditions, including cancer. Patients and methods: Three case–control studies were conducted between 1992 and 2000 in Italy. The first one included 598 hospital patients with incident, histologically confirmed oral and pharyngeal cancer and 1491 controls admitted to the same hospital networks for acute, non-neoplastic diseases; the second study included 304 subjects with squamous cell oesophageal cancer and 743 controls; the third one included 460 cases with laryngeal cancer and 1088 controls. All subjects were interviewed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Results: The odds ratios (OR) of upper aero-digestive tract neoplasms for the highest versus the lowest quintile of dietary GI and GL were 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–2.0) and 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1–2.9), respectively. The associations were in the same direction for various cancer sites. The ORs were apparently stronger in women, in those with high body mass index and reporting low alcohol consumption. Conclusions: This study supports the hypothesis that high dietary GI and GL are associated with cancers of the upper aero-digestive tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003

4. Glycemic index and glycemic load in endometrial cancer.

Author

Livia S.A. Augustin, Silvano Gallus, Cristina Bosetti, Fabio Levi, Eva Negri, Silvia Franceschi, Luigino Dal Maso, David J.A. Jenkins, and Cyril W.C. Kendall

Subjects
GLYCEMIC index, ENDOMETRIAL cancer, CARBOHYDRATES in the body, CANCER patients, INSULIN
Abstract

Glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) are measures of the metabolic effects of dietary carbohydrates. The higher their value, the greater the glucose and insulin responses. Raised insulin levels are associated with endometrial cancer and with its risk factors including obesity, diabetes and hypertension. To study the role of the GI and GL we analyzed the data of two hospital-based case–control studies on endometrial cancer conducted between 1988–98 in Italy and Switzerland, including a total of 410 women with incident, histologically confirmed endometrial cancer and 753 controls admitted for acute, non-neoplastic diseases. A food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the subjects usual diet and to derive estimates of dietary GI and GL. The odds ratios (OR) of endometrial cancer, after adjustment for major risk factors, for the highest versus the lowest quintile of dietary GI and GL were 2.1 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–3.2) and 2.7 (95% CI = 1.8–4.2), respectively. The associations were stronger in older women, in those with higher body mass index and in hormone replacement therapy users. Our study supports the hypothesis of a direct association between GI and endometrial cancer risk. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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