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Multi-view 3D imaging is an indispensable imaging method for self-driving, 3D modeling, and other fields. However, there remains a scarcity of fast and efficient multi-view 3D imaging methods. In the present study, a snapshot dual-view 3D imaging setup based on the Coded Aperture Imaging method was introduced and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed method can simultaneously obtain 3D information from different views by means of a streak camera and two independent masks. Compared with traditional 3D imaging technology, our technique can meet the integrity and real-time requirements of 3D imaging while reducing the hardware cost of existing multi-view imaging methods.

According to the requirements of high-energy particle detection for a large photocathode detection surface, low transit time spread (TTS), and low-cost photomultiplier tube (PMT), a kind of 20-in. hybrid large-area PMT based on the silicon (Si) electron multiplier array was designed and optimized. This study tracked the trajectories of photoelectrons from the photocathode to the silicon electron multiplier array based on the Monte Carlo and finite-integral method. The critical effects on the TTS characteristic of the large-area PMT, including the focusing electrode structure, glass shell structure, different potential differences, and relative distance from the photocathode vertex to the silicon electron multiplier array, were studied in detail. After optimizing the structure of the glass shell, the 20-in. hybrid PMT based on the ultra-small Si electron multiplier array with 40 mm collection diameter can achieve an excellent TTS of about 1.87 ns from the photocathode to the Si electron multiplier array at a collection potential difference of 2000 V.

Compressed fluorescence lifetime imaging (Compressed-FLIM) is a novel Snapshot compressive imaging (SCI) method for single-shot widefield FLIM. This approach has the advantages of high temporal resolution and deep frame sequences, allowing for the analysis of FLIM signals that follow complex decay models. However, the precision of Compressed-FLIM is limited by reconstruction algorithms. To improve the reconstruction accuracy of Compressed-FLIM in dealing with large-scale FLIM problem, we developed a more effective combined prior model 3DTGp V_net, based on the Plug and Play (PnP) framework. Extensive numerical simulations indicate the proposed method eliminates reconstruction artifacts caused by the Deep denoiser networks. Moreover, it improves the reconstructed accuracy by around 4dB (peak signal-to-noise ratio; PSNR) over the state-of-the-art TV+FFDNet in test data sets. We conducted the single-shot FLIM experiment with different Rhodamine reagents and the results show that in practice, the proposed algorithm has promising reconstruction performance and more negligible lifetime bias.

This paper studies the sparsity prior to compressed video reconstruction algorithms. An effective non-convex 3DTPV regularization (0 < p < 1) is proposed for sparsity promotion. Based on the augmented Lagrangian reconstruction algorithm, this paper analyzes and compares three non-convex proximity operators for the ℓp-norm function, and numerous simulation results confirmed that the 3DTPV regularization can gain higher video reconstruction quality than the existing convex regularization and is more competitive than the existing video reconstruction algorithms.

The capacitance–voltage characteristics of metal–insulator–semiconductor structures based on Hg1−xCdxTe (x = 0.218) with CdTe passivation are studied before and after the passivation annealing process. We found that after vacuum annealing at 300 °C for 24 h, the micromorphology of the passivation layer was significantly improved, and as the fixed charge density decreased from 1.3 × 1012 cm−2 to 1.0 × 1010 cm−2, the fast surface state density decreased from 2 × 1013 cm−2 eV−1 to 3 × 1012 cm−2 eV−1, with a minimum value of 1.2 × 1011 cm−2 eV−1. From these findings, combined with the secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis, we conclude that the annealing process propagates an equivalent electrical surface for CdTe/HgCdTe uniformly from the principal physical interface to the inside of the bulk material, effectively improving the characteristics of the CdTe passivation layer.

Shale gas reservoirs are different from conventional ones in terms of their bedding architectures, so their hydraulic fracturing rules are somewhat different. In this paper, shale hydraulic fracturing tests were carried out by using the triaxial hydraulic fracturing test system to identify the effects of natural bedding directions on the crack propagation in the process of hydraulic fracturing. Then, the fracture initiation criterion of hydraulic fracturing was prepared using the extended finite element method. On this basis, a 3D hydraulic fracturing computation model was established for shale gas reservoirs. And finally, a series of studies were performed about the effects of bedding directions on the crack propagation created by hydraulic fracturing in shale reservoirs. It is shown that the propagation rules of hydraulically induced fractures in shale gas reservoirs are jointly controlled by the in-situ stress and the bedding plane architecture and strength, with the bedding direction as the main factor controlling the crack propagation directions. If the normal tensile stress of bedding surface reaches its tensile strength after the fracturing, cracks will propagate along the bedding direction, and otherwise vertical to the minimum in-situ stress direction. With the propagating of cracks along bedding surfaces, the included angle between the bedding normal direction and the minimum in-situ stress direction increases, the fracture initiation and propagation pressures increase and the crack areas decrease. Generally, cracks propagate in the form of non-plane ellipsoids. With the injection of fracturing fluids, crack areas and total formation filtration increase and crack propagation velocity decreases. The test results agree well with the calculated crack propagation rules, which demonstrate the validity of the above-mentioned model.

An extensive network of cutaneous nerves, neuropeptides, and specific receptors richly innervates the skin and influences a variety of physiological and pathological processes. The sensory and autonomic nerve fibers secrete a variety of neuropeptides that are essential to the different phases of wound healing. In addition to initiating a neurogenic inflammatory response in the early stages of healing, neuropeptides also control wound healing by influencing immune cells, repair cells, and the growth factor network. However, the precise mechanism by which they accomplish these roles in the context of cutaneous wound healing is still unknown. Investigating the mechanisms of action of neuropeptides in wound healing and potential therapeutic applications is therefore urgently necessary. The present review discusses the process of wound healing, types of neuropeptides, potential mechanisms underlying the role of neuropeptides in cutaneous wound healing, as well as some neuropeptide-derived treatment strategies, such as hydrogels, new dressings, electro stimulation, and skin-derived precursors. Future in-depth mechanistic studies of neuropeptides in cutaneous wound healing may provide opportunities to develop therapeutic technologies that harness the roles of neuropeptides in the wound healing process.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of different acupuncture treatments for mammary gland hyperplasia (MGH) using a network meta-analysis. Methods: Several databases were searched without language restrictions from 2000 to February 2023, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China Science and Technology Journal Database, China Biology Medicine Database, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, and other professional websites and gray literature. Inclusion criteria were adult women diagnosed with MGH; intervention measures included acupuncture and related therapies; the control group was treated with simple drugs; and the research type was a randomized controlled trial (RCT). The primary outcomes were treatment effectiveness and estradiol and progesterone levels. Secondary outcomes were breast lump size and visual analog scale (VAS) score of breast pain. Exclusion criteria were studies unrelated to MGH, incorrect study populations, control measures or interventions, incomplete data, non-RCTs, case reports, and animal experiments. Cochrane tools were used to assess the risk of bias. The R software (x64 version 4.2.1), Review Manager 5.3 software and STATA 16.0 software were used for data analysis. Results: Following a rigorous screening process, data extraction, and quality assessment, 48 eligible RCTs encompassing 4,500 patients with MGH and 16 interventions were included. The results indicated that acupuncture, alone or in combination with traditional Chinese or Western medicine, had better therapeutic effects than conventional therapy. In terms of effectiveness, warm needle acupuncture was the best choice (94.6%). Bloodletting pricking was the most effective method (85.7%) for lowering progesterone levels. Bloodletting pricking was the most effective method (98.3%) for lowering estradiol levels. Manual acupuncture combined with traditional Chinese medicine was the most effective (74.5%) treatment to improve the size of the breast lump. Warm needle acupuncture was the most effective (69.8%) in improving the VAS score. Conclusion: Acupuncture therapy was more effective in treating MGH than drug therapy alone, and warm needle acupuncture and bloodletting pricking were the two best options. However, larger sample sizes and high-quality RCTs are required.

Annually, more than 15 million people worldwide suffer from stroke, a condition linked to high mortality and disability rates. This disease significantly affects daily life, impairing everyday functioning, executive function, and cognition. Moreover, stroke severely restricts patients’ ability to perform daily activities, diminishing their overall quality of life. Recent scientific studies have identified cuproptosis, a newly discovered form of cell death, as a key factor in stroke development. However, the role of cuproptosis in stroke remains unclear to researchers. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the mechanisms of cuproptosis in stroke’s pathogenesis. This review examines the physiological role of copper, the characteristics and mechanisms of cuproptosis, the differences and similarities between cuproptosis and other cell death types, and the pathophysiology of cuproptosis in stroke, focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction and immune infiltration. Further research is necessary to understand the relationship between previous strokes and cuproptosis and to clarify the mechanisms behind these associations.

Plants are often exposed to biotic or abiotic stress, which can seriously impede their growth and development. In recent years, researchers have focused especially on the study of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress. As one of the most widely planted grapevine rootstocks, ‘Beta’ has been extensively proven to be highly resistant to stress. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of abiotic stress in ‘Beta’ rootstocks. In this study, we isolated and cloned a novel WRKY transcription factor, VhWRKY44, from the ‘Beta’ rootstock. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that VhWRKY44 was a nuclear-localized protein. Tissue-specific expression analysis indicated that VhWRKY44 had higher expression levels in grape roots and mature leaves. Further research demonstrated that the expression level of VhWRKY44 in grape roots and mature leaves was highly induced by salt and cold treatment. Compared with the control, Arabidopsis plants overexpressing VhWRKY44 showed stronger resistance to salt and cold stress. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were significantly increased, and the contents of proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and chlorophyll were changed considerably. In addition, significantly higher levels of stress-related genes were detected in the transgenic lines. The results indicated that VhWRKY44 was an important transcription factor in ‘Beta’ with excellent salt and cold tolerance, providing a new foundation for abiotic stress research.

The gas permeability of coalbeds is of critical significance to gas exploitation and recovery in coal seams. In this paper, the influence of different factors in coal on mechanical properties, and gas permeability behavior is investigated. Experimental results reveal that the evolution of permeability varied across different stress-strain stages. Permeability declined with an increase in stress at the initial compaction and elastic deformation stages before increasing in line with stress during the strain-hardening, softening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen removal, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission and microbial community in sequencing batch and continuous-flow intermittent aeration processes were investigated. Two sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) and two continuous-flow multiple anoxic and aerobic reactors (CMRs) were operated under high dissolved oxygen (DO) (SBR-H and CMR-H) and low DO (SBR-L and CMR-L) concentrations, respectively. Nitrogen removal was enhanced under CMR and low DO conditions (CMR-L). The highest total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency of 91.5% was achieved. Higher nitrifying and denitrifying activities in SBRs were observed. CMRs possessed higher N2O emission factors during nitrification in the presence of organics, with the highest N2O emission factor of 60.7% in CMR-L. SBR and low DO conditions promoted N2O emission during denitrification. CMR systems had higher microbial diversity. Candidatus Accumulibacter, Nitrosomonadaceae and putative denitrifiers (N2O reducers and producers) were responsible for N2O emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Falls are the main contributor to both fatal and nonfatal injuries in elderly individuals as well as significant sources of morbidity and mortality, which are mostly induced by impaired balance control. The ability to keep balance is a remarkably complex process that allows for rapid and precise changes to prevent falls with multiple systems involved, such as musculoskeletal system, the central nervous system and sensory system. However, the exact pathogenesis of falls caused by balance disorders in the elderly has eluded researchers to date. In consideration of aging phenomenon aggravation and fall risks in the elderly, there is an urgent need to explore the pathogenesis and treatments of falls caused by balance disorders in the elderly. The present review discusses the epidemiology of falls in the elderly, potential pathogenic mechanisms underlying multiple systems involved in falls caused by balance disorders, including musculoskeletal system, the central nervous system and sensory system. Meanwhile, some common treatment strategies, such as physical exercise, new equipment based on artificial intelligence, pharmacologic treatments and fall prevention education are also reviewed. To fully understand the pathogenesis and treatment of falls caused by balance disorders, a need remains for future large-scale multi-center randomized controlled trials and in-depth mechanism studies.

With the aging of the population, the incidence of dysphagia has gradually increased and become a major clinical and public health issue. Early screening of dysphagia in high-risk populations is crucial to identify the risk factors of dysphagia and carry out effective interventions and health management in advance. In this study, the current epidemiology, hazards, risk factors, preventive, and therapeutic measures of dysphagia were comprehensively reviewed, and a literature review of screening instruments commonly used globally was conducted, focusing on their intended populations, main indicators, descriptions, and characteristics. According to analysis and research in the current study, previous studies of dysphagia were predominantly conducted in inpatients, and there are few investigations and screenings on the incidence and influencing factors of dysphagia in the community-dwelling elderly and of dysphagia developing in the natural aging process. Moreover, there are no unified, simple, economical, practical, safe, and easy-to-administer screening tools and evaluation standards for dysphagia in the elderly. It is imperative to focus on dysphagia in the community-dwelling elderly, develop unified screening and assessment tools, and establish an early warning model of risks and a dietary structure model for dysphagia in the community-dwelling elderly.

Understanding correlations between aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and climate change has remained a long-standing goal in ecology. Annual ANPP experienced significant interannual variations in the Eurasian steppe region (EASR) over past three decades. However, critical climate periods for annual ANPP remain poorly understood. Here, we comprehensively examined ANPP–climate relationships in the EASR on a seasonal scale from 1982 to 2013. Partial correlation coefficients were calculated between annual ANPP and seasonal climatic variables. A multiple linear regression (MLR) model was implemented between annual ANPP and three climatic factors over four seasons. For each climatic variable during each season, the relative importance for the MLR model was determined to identify critical climate periods for annual ANPP. Results demonstrated that (1) seasonal differences could be observed in response of annual ANPP to climatic variables. The influence of precipitation (PRE) on annual ANPP gradually increased from previous-year winter to summer seasons, with a diminishing effect of solar shortwave radiation (SWD), and decreased from summer to autumn with an increasing effect of SWD. Summer TMP imposed the strongest effects, followed by previous-year winter TMP. The influence of TMP exhibited only slight changes between spring and autumn. (2) PRE, TMP and SWD were crucial climatic variables affecting annual ANPP in 41%, 31% and 28%, respectively, of the EASR, especially summer PRE, summer TMP and previous-year winter SWD. The critical climate periods for annual ANPP exhibited large spatial differences in the EASR. (3) Furthermore, the effects of PRE and SWD on annual ANPP increased from the first stage (1982–1995) to the second stage (1996–2007) with a decreasing influence of TMP, and then decreased from the second stage to the third stage (2008–2013) with an increasing influence of TMP. This study could be crucial for improving vegetation productivity predictions and understanding ecosystem-climate feedbacks.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent gynecological endocrine conditions affecting reproductive women. It can feature a variety of symptoms, such as obesity, insulin resistance, skin conditions, and infertility. Women with PCOS are susceptible to illnesses including mood disorders, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Among them, depression is the most common in PCOS and has a detrimental effect on quality of life. Depression may occasionally develop due to the pathological traits of PCOS, but its exact pathogenesis in PCOS have eluded researchers to date. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore the pathogenesis and treatments of depression in PCOS. The present review discusses the epidemiology of depression in PCOS, potential pathogenic mechanisms underlying PCOS and depression, as well as some potential factors causing depression in PCOS, including obesity, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, inflammation, and infertility. Meanwhile, some common treatment strategies for depression in PCOS, such as lifestyle intervention, acupuncture, oral contraceptive pills, psychological intervention, and insulin-sensitizer, are also reviewed. To fully understand the pathogenesis and treatment of depression in PCOS, a need remains for future large-scale multi-center randomized controlled trials and in-depth mechanism studies.

With the gradual formation of China's oil and gas pipeline network, pipeline safety assessment is increasingly important. On this basis, the principle of acoustic elasticity and the ultrasonic stress measurement technology were briefly introduced. In order to meet the needs of the service safety evaluation of high-grade oil and gas pipelines, a non-destructive residual stress measuring system with ultrasonic method was developed. Besides, the near-zero stress calibration technology of test blocks was also developed, which is to linearly cut the annealed zero-stress test block for further stress release, so that the zero stress can be calibrated accurately. Further, curved probes were designed according to the actual requirements of inspection. The study on nondestructive residual stress measurement of X80 pipeline was carried out with the abovementioned system, and the results were verified with the small hole method, which indicate that the test accuracy is reliable and repeatable. Thus, the study provides a good technical means for online stress measurement of oil and gas pipelines, as well as an effective technical method for pipeline operation, repair and evaluation.

This paper explores the impact of e-commerce on profit margin from the perspective of scale using nation-level survey data from China. The results show that e-commerce can increase the profit margin of cooperatives, and that a higher proportion of sales via e-commerce strengthens profitability. Secondly, the effects of agri-e-commerce on cooperative profit margin is highly dependent on young talents with rich experience and high education level; in particular, female leaders have a significantly stronger effect on improving profit margins by using e-commerce than male leaders. Thirdly, the operating scale of cooperatives does not have a direct impact on the profit margins, but a bigger operating scale can significantly enhance the effect of e-commerce on profit margins. Lastly, a higher degree of standardization of cooperatives and products more clearly evidences the role played by e-commerce, including the number of brands and certification. Overall, this research provides a micro-foundation for cooperatives to better incorporate the key role of e-commerce under the background of platform monopoly and sheds light on how the government can formulate relevant policies to better support China’s e-commerce development.

Accurate wetland mapping is essential for their protection and management; however, it is difficult to accurately identify seasonal wetlands because of irregular rainfall and the potential lack of water inundation. In this study, we propose a novel method to generate reliable seasonal wetland maps with a spatial resolution of 20 m using a seasonal-rule-based method in the Zhalong and Momoge National Nature Reserves. This study used Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 data, along with a bi-weekly composition method to generate a 15-day image time series. The random forest algorithm was used to classify the images into vegetation, waterbodies, bare land, and wet bare land during each time period. Several rules were incorporated based on the intra-annual changes in the seasonal wetlands and annual wetland maps of the study regions were generated. Validation processes showed that the overall accuracy and kappa coefficient were above 89.8% and 0.87, respectively. The seasonal-rule-based method was able to identify seasonal marshes, flooded wetlands, and artificial wetlands (e.g., paddy fields). Zonal analysis indicated that seasonal wetland types, including flooded wetlands and seasonal marshes, accounted for over 50% of the total wetland area in both Zhalong and Momoge National Nature Reserves; and permanent wetlands, including permanent water and permanent marsh, only accounted for 11% and 12% in the two reserves, respectively. This study proposes a new method to generate reliable annual wetland maps that include seasonal wetlands, providing an accurate dataset for interannual change analyses and wetland protection decision-making.