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The objective of this study was to explore the effects of fetal experience of famine on the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adults. The analysis included 16 594 participants from the Kailuan Study who were free of diabetes at baseline (2006). According to the date of birth, the individuals born on October 1, 1962 – September 30, 1964, were divided into the non-exposed group (used as the reference group), individuals born on October 1, 1959 – September 30, 1961, were divided into the fetal exposure group, and the early childhood exposure group included those born on October 1, 1956 – September 30, 1958. The cumulative incidence of T2DM for each group was calculated and compared among the 3 groups, and the Cox regression model was used to analyze the effects of fetal famine experience on the risk of diabetes. During a median 10.27 years (170 358 person-years) (2006–2017), 3509 incident T2DM cases were identified, with a cumulative incidence rate of 19.46%. The cumulative incidences of T2DM in the non-exposed, fetal exposure, and early childhood exposure groups were 17.38%, 20.85%, and 20.65%, respectively (P < 0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, the hazard ratio (HR) of T2DM in the fetal exposure group was 1.222 (95% confidence interval: 1.087–1.374, P < 0.01), compared with the reference group. The association was modified by sex and hypertension (both P interaction less than 0.05). Fetal famine exposure may increase the risk of developing T2DM in adults. This association was more pronounced among women and those with hypertension. Novelty: The association was modified by sex and hypertension. Long follow-up time.

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of permanent morbidity and lifelong disability worldwide. Circular RNA (circRNA) circ_0007865 has been reported to be upregulated in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Also, AIS patients exhibited increased death of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). This study is designed to explore the role and mechanism of circ_0007865 in the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cell damage in AIS.Circ_0007865, microRNA-214-3p (miR-214-3p), and FK506-binding protein 5 (FKBP5) levels were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Cell proliferative angiogenesis, migration, and apoptosis were assessed by Cell Counting Kit-8, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, colony formation, tube formation, wound healing, transwell, and flow cytometry assays. B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-related X protein (Bax), cleaved caspase-3, and FKBP5 protein levels were determined by western blot assay. The binding relationship between miR-214-3p and circ_0007865 or FKBP5 was predicted by StarBase, and verified by a dual-luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down assay.Circ_0007865 and FKBP5 were increased, and miR-214-3p was decreased in OGD-treated HBMECs. Furthermore, the silencing of circ_0007865 could promote cell proliferative angiogenesis, migration, and inhibit apoptosis in OGD-triggered HBMECs in vitro. Mechanically, circ_0007865 acted as a sponge of miR-214-3p to regulate FKBP5.According to these results, circ_0007865 deficiency could attenuate OGD-induced HBMEC damage by modulating the miR-214-3p/FKBP5 axis, hinting at a promising therapeutic target for future acute IS therapy.

Circular RNA (circRNA) exerts a crucial role in the progression of many cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the function of circ_0001955 in HCC progression has been poorly studied. Elucidating the role and molecular mechanism of circ_0001955 in HCC progression. Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to detect the expression of circ_0001955 and miR-646. Cell counting kit 8 assay, Ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay, and tube formation assay were conducted to measure cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Dual-luciferase reporter assay and biotin-labeled RNA pull-down assay were performed to analyze the interactions among circ_0001955, miR-646 and frizzled class receptor 4 (FZD4). Moreover, animal experiments were performed to examine the influence of circ_0001955 on HCC tumor growth in vivo. Circ_0001955 was a highly expressed circRNA in HCC tissues and cells. Circ_0001955 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and enhanced the apoptosis of HCC cells. Meanwhile, miR-646 could be sponged by circ_0001955, and its inhibitor could reverse the negative regulation of circ_0001955 knockdown on HCC progression. Further, FZD4 was a target of miR-646, and its overexpression could invert the inhibition effect of miR-646 mimic on HCC progression. Besides, our results also indicated that circ_0001955 promoted FZD4 expression by sponging miR-646. Animal experiment results showed that circ_0001955 silencing restrained HCC tumor growth in vivo. Our findings suggested that circ_0001955 might play a positive role in HCC progression via regulating the miR-646/FZD4 axis, indicating that circ_0001955 might be a potential therapeutic target for HCC.

Previous studies have analysed the epidemic characteristics of supernormal vascular aging (SUPERNOVA), and found that SUPERNOVA were significantly associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the influencing factors of SUPERNOVA are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of SUPERNOVA.A total of 42 196 participants of the Kailuan Study were enrolled in the study. SUPERNOVA was defined as the lowest 2.5% of the age-quintile brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), early vascular aging was defined as the highest 2.5% of the age-quintile baPWV. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to investigate the influencing factors of SUPERNOVA.The population with SUPERNOVA was mostly women, nonsmokers, nondrinkers, and those with higher education. They had lower levels of cardiovascular disease risk factors and healthier lifestyles. The results of logistics regression showed that the influencing factors of SUPERNOVA include age, sex, hypertension, diabetes, resting heart rate, hypersensitive C-reactive protein, and uric acid. However, the effects of these factors were different across age groups. We also observed that in addition to the unalterable factors (age and sex), only resting heart rate above 80 bpm (OR = 0.396, 95% CI: 0.231-0.681) and SBP (OR = 0.945, 95% CI: 0.932-0.958) were significantly associated with odds of SUPERNOVA in participants without cardiovascular risk factors.This study investigated the characteristics of the population with SUPERNOVA and the factors influencing it, which provided a basis for different populations to take preventive measures to slow down the process of vascular aging.

How to evaluate scaling behaviors in very short time series is still an open problem, in which the mechanism-dependence and the bias of estimation of a statistical quantity become critical. We propose a new method called factorial moment based diffusion entropy (FMDE). A theoretical derivation and extensive calculations show that it can give us a high-confident and unbiased evaluation of scaling exponent from a time series with a length of ∼ 102. It provides a reliable method to monitor evolutionary behaviors of complex systems. As an illustration, it is used to monitor the fractal gait rhythm for a volunteer in six stride trials. We find rich patterns in its physiological state.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease. Degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in chondrocytes is closely related to joint destruction in OA progression. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play important roles in progression of OA. However, the roles of miR-497-5p in OA process and its underlying mechanism remain not been well established. Chondrocytes were obtained from articular cartilage and stimulated with IL-1β. The expression of miR-497-5p and Wnt3a was detected by qRT-PCR. Western blot analysis was performed to measure the proteins of Wnt3a, collagen II, aggrecan matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 13 and ADAMTS4. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The putative binding sites of miR-497-5p and Wnt3a were predicted by Targetscan and verified through luciferase report assay. We found that miR-497-5p expression was reduced and Wnt3a expression was enhanced in OA cartilage and IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. Moreover, Wnt3a was a direct target of miR-497-5p, and expression of miR-497-5p was negatively correlated with Wnt3a level in OA cartilage. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-497-5p prominently increased the expression of cartilage matrix molecules collagen II and aggrecan, and reduced the expression of matrix-degrading enzymes MMP13 and ADAMTS4 while overexpression of Wnt3a reversed these effects, whereas addition of DKK-1attenuated the Wnt3a-mediated functions in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes. In conclusion, miR-497-5p attenuated IL-1β-induced cartilage matrix degradation in chondrocytes via Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway, providing a potential therapeutic target for treatment of OA.

Here, we give the existence of analytical Cartesian solutions of the multi-component Camassa-Holm (MCCH) equations. Such solutions can be explicitly expressed, in which the velocity function is giv...

Background We aimed to determine the risk conferred by metabolic syndrome ( METS ) and diabetes mellitus ( DM ) to recurrent stroke in patients with minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack from the CHANCE (Clopidogrel in High‐risk patients with Acute Non‐disabling Cerebrovascular Events) trial. Methods and Results In total, 3044 patients were included. Patients were stratified into 4 groups: neither, METS only, DM only, or both. METS was defined using the Chinese Diabetes Society ( CDS ) and International Diabetes Foundation ( IDF ) definitions. The primary outcome was new stroke (including ischemic and hemorrhagic) at 90 days. A multivariable Cox regression model was used to assess the relationship of METS and DM status to the risk of recurrent stroke adjusted for potential covariates. Using the CDS criteria of METS , 53.2%, 17.2%, 19.8%, and 9.8% of patients were diagnosed as neither, METS only, DM only, and both, respectively. After 90 days of follow‐up, there were 299 new strokes (293 ischemic, 6 hemorrhagic). Patients with DM only (16.1% versus 6.8%; adjusted hazard ratio 2.50, 95% CI 1.89–3.39) and both (17.1% versus 6.8%; adjusted hazard ratio 2.76, 95% CI 1.98–3.86) had significantly increased rates of recurrent stroke. No interaction effect of antiplatelet therapy by different METS or DM status for the risk of recurrent stroke ( P =0.82 for interaction in the fully adjusted model of CDS ) was observed. Using the METS ( IDF ) criteria demonstrated similar results. Conclusions Concurrent METS and DM was associated with an increased risk of recurrent stroke in patients with minor stroke and transient ischemic attack.

Circular SAR has several attractive features, such as full-aspect observation, high resolution, and 3D target reconstruction capability, thus it has important potential in fine feature description of typical targets. However, the 3D reconstruction capability relies on the scattering persistence of the target. For target with a highly directive scattering property, the resolution in the direction perpendicular to the instantaneous slant plane is very low compared to the range and azimuth resolutions, and the 3D structure of target can hardly be obtained. In this paper, an Interferometric Circular SAR (InCSAR) method is proposed to reconstruct the full-aspect 3D structure of typical targets. InCSAR uses two sensors with a small incident angle difference to collect data in a circular trajectory. The method proposed in this paper calculates the interferometric phase difference (IPD) of the image pair at equally spaced height slices, and mask the original image with an IPD threshold. The main principle is that when a scatterer is imaged at a wrong height, the image pair has an offset, which results in a nonzero IPD, and only when the scatterer is correctly imaged at its true height, the IPD is near zero. The IPD threshold is used to retain scatterers that is correctly imaged at the right height, and meanwhile eliminate scatterers that is imaged at a wrong height, thus the 3D target structure can be retrieved. The proposed method is validated by real data processing, both the data collected in the microwave chamber and the GOTCHA airborne data.

Vitamin E succinate (VES), a derivative of vitamin E, is a promising cancer chemopreventive agent that inhibits tumor promotion by inducing apoptotic cell death. The effects of VES on autophagy, an intricate programmed process which helps cells survive in some stressed situations by degrading some cytoplasmic material, are unclear. When human gastric cancer cells SCG-7901 were exposed to VES, both the level of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 and the yeast ATG6 homolog Beclin-1 increased, and related autophagy genes were activated, thereby suggesting that autophagy was induced by VES. We also observed that VES-induced autophagy was accompanied by the activation of AMP-activated protein kinases (AMPK). VES-induced autophagy decreased when AMPK was inhibited by using small interfering RNA (siRNA), thereby suggesting that VES-induced autophagy is mediated by AMPK. Moreover, further studies revealed that the decreased activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its downstream targets P70S6K and 4EBP-1 were involved in VES-activated autophagy associated with AMPK activation. The experiments also showed that the activity of protein kinases B (Akt)-mTOR axis was inhibited by VES. VES-induced AMPK activation could be attenuated by Akt activation. Overall, our studies demonstrated that AMPK was involved in the VES-induced autophagy. Crosstalk exists between AMPK and the Akt/mTOR axis. The results elucidated the mechanism of VES-induced autophagy in human gastric cancer cells.

The target feature is sensitive to the aspect angle of SAR observation, making the interpretation and target recognition of the SAR image difficult. The information acquired from a certain aspect angle is partial and incomplete, and the multi-aspect observations have the potential to improve the SAR performance in this aspect. Three topics of fine feature description of multi-aspect SAR observations are discussed, and they are the 3D information extraction, the optimum imaging strategy for anisotropic scatterers, and the multi-aspect scattering feature extraction. The initial results of the real P band airborne circular SAR (CSAR) data and the turn table data show that multi-aspect SAR observations have the encouraging potential capability in target fine feature description.

Esophageal cancer is the fourth most common gastrointestinal cancer, it generally has a poor prognosis and novel strategies are required for prevention and treatment. Vitamin E succinate (VES) is a potential chemical agent for cancer prevention and therapy as it exerts anti‑tumor effects in a variety of cancers. However, the role of VES in tumorigenesis and progression of cancer remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to determine the effects of VES in regulating the survival and apoptosis of human esophageal cancer cells. EC109 human esophageal cancer cells were used to investigate the anti‑proliferative effects of VES. The MTT and Annexin V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide assays demonstrated that VES inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells. Furthermore, VES downregulated constitutively active basal levels of phosphorylated (p)‑serine‑threonine kinase AKT (AKT) and p‑mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and decreased the phosphorylation of AKT substrates Bcl‑2‑associated death receptor and caspase‑9, in addition to mTOR effectors, ribosomal protein S6 kinase β1 and eIF4E‑binding protein 1. Phosphoinositide‑3‑kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002 suppressed p‑AKT and p‑mTOR, indicating PI3K is a common upstream mediator. The apoptosis induced by VES was increased by inhibition of AKT or mTOR with their respective inhibitor in esophageal cancer cells. The results of the present study suggested that VES targeted the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways and induced apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells. Furthermore, the current study suggests that VES may be useful in a combinational therapeutic strategy employing an mTOR inhibitor.

To investigate the effects of the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway on the induction of apoptosis by vitamin E succinate (RRR-α-tocopheryl succinate; VES) in human gastric carcinoma cells. Human gastric carcinoma SGC-7901 cells were treated with temperate concentrations of VES and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an inhibitor of NF-κB. Cell viability and apoptosis were respectively estimated by methylthiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay and the Annexin V‑FITC method. Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the protein expressions of NF-κBp65 and Bcl-2 family members Bcl-2, Bax and cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-9, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). The DNA-binding activity of NF-κBp65 was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was implemented to evaluate the transcription of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) genes. Apoptosis assessment showed that VES induces apoptotic cell death in human gastric carcinoma cells. In the following experiments, PDTC (100 µM) was used in cell treatment 2 h before VES. The decreased ratio of the nuclear and cytosolic NF-κBp65 protein level was induced by VES and PDTC reinforced this trend. PDTC treatment significantly enhanced the decrease of NF-κB-DNA binding activity induced by VES in human gastric SGC-7901. The decrease in protein expression of Bcl-2 as well as the increase in the protein expression of Bax were induced by VES treatment. The cleavage of caspase-9, caspase-3 and PARP was induced. There was no effect on the gene transcription of c-IAP-1, c-IAP-2, and x-linked IAP (XIAP) compared with the control group, whereas mRNA levels of survivin and the neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP) markedly decreased. Notably, pretreatment with PDTC reinforced all the above VES-induced effects. In conclusion, VES-induced apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells is accompanied by the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway, including changes in Bcl-2 family members, cleavage of caspases and gene transcription of survivin and NAIP.

α-Tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS) has been shown to be a potent apoptosis inducer and growth inhibitor in a variety of cancer cells. Our previous studies showed the important role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the apoptosis induced by α-TOS. However, the relationship of oxidative stress with ER stress is still controversial. The objective of the present study was to investigate the interplay between the two stress responses induced by α-TOS in SGC-7901 human gastric cancer cells. In response to α-TOS, cytological changes typical of apoptosis, induction of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein transcription factor (CHOP), and activation of caspase-4 were observed. And the antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine inhibited induction of both GRP78 and CHOP by α-TOS transcriptionally and translationally. Furthermore, knocking down CHOP by RNA interference decreased ROS generation, increased glutathione level and induced glutathione peroxidase mRNA expression in α-TOS-treated cells, whereas catalase and superoxide dismutases mRNA expression were not altered. The results imply that α-TOS induces ER stress response through ROS production, while CHOP perturbs the redox state of SGC-7901 cells treated with α-TOS.

In recent years, with the wide application of UAV, as an important component of the UAV system, ground monitor and control system for UAV is also in constant updates. In order to satisfy people with higher requirements of information timeliness, this paper introduces the design about ground monitor and control system for UAV remote sensing based on World Wind, whose functions include 3D GIS display and navigation, video image processing and visualization instrument. In order to meet the practical engineering application requirements, this software provides technical support with ground monitor and control system for UAV.

This paper introduced a visibility detecting system of double light path based on the theory of infrared foreword scattering, which has two transmitters and two receivers. The system includes three parts: emitters, detectors and signal processor. This article describes its theory, principal components meanwhile discusses, it solves the technical difficulties in designing circuitry for detection and amplification of the weak signal. It is explained that the precision and stabilization of the visibility meter were improved by pairs of optical path and lock-in amplifier in receiving side. And such improvements have been certified by experiments.

The convergence of the King-Werner method for finding zeros of nonlinear operators is analyzed. Under the hypothesis that the derivative of $f$ satisfies the radius Lipschitz condition with $L$-average, the convergence criterion and the convergence ball for the King-Werner method are given. Applying the results to some particular functions $L(u)$, we get the convergence theorems in [7] and [1] as well as some new results.