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Zusammenfassung Viele Gemeinden verlieren durch Infrastrukturabbau ihre kommunikative Mitte. Gasthäuser, Einzelhandelsgeschäfte, Schulen, Verwaltungsgebäude, die als Orte sozialer Redundanz die Basis für den Aufbau persönlicher Beziehungen und damit von Unterstützungsnetzwerken bilden, verschwinden. Wird dies nicht durch neue, innovative, nachhaltig aufgestellte Angebote kompensiert – die aus dem Zusammenspiel von Kommunalverwaltung, Zivilgesellschaft sowie privater und kommunaler Unternehmen entstehen – ist die soziale Kohäsion gefährdet. Der Artikel stellt das BMBF-Projekt „Das Soziale-Orte-Konzept. Neue Infrastrukturen für gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt“ der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen und des SOFI e. V. Göttingen vor, sowie erste Ergebnisse (Projektlaufzeit 2017–2020) aus einer der Erhebungsregionen Waldeck-Frankenberg (Hessen). Abstract: You again? The Social-Places-Concept for More Social Redundancy and Cohesion Many communities are losing their communication centers due to infrastructure reduction. Pubs, retail shops, schools, administration buildings disappear, which as places of social redundancy form the basis for the establishment of personal relationships and thus of support networks. If this is not compensated by new, innovative, sustainable offers – arising from the cooperation of local government, civil society as well as private and municipal companies – social cohesion is endangered. This article presents the BMBF project “The Social-­Places-Concept. New infrastructure for social cohesion” from the Georg-August-University of Göttingen and SOFI e. V. Göttingen, such as initial results (project duration 2017–2020) from one of the survey regions Waldeck-Fran­kenberg (Hesse).

Buying stocks is a modern way of investing. The investors may place the available capital on the domestic and foreign stock market, they may buy more stocks of a single issuer or distribute money to purchase stocks of various public (stock-exchange) companies, and they may form a portfolio of various securities. The investors' decisions on these options are based on their estimate on returns and risks underlying individual security instruments (securities). The two basic approaches to valuation of common stocks are: the Present Value Approach (method of valuating the capitalization of income) and the P/E Ratio Approach (the method of valuating the multiple of per-share earnings). Instead of viewing these methods as competing alternatives, they should better be viewed as mutually complementary methods. Both methods are equally useful and their concurrent use may provide better grounds for the analysts' valuation of stocks.

A quality education system improves human resources, without which there is no economic growth. On the other hand, the state faced with the economic crisis or recession has limited possibilities of funding the budget expenditures. All countries pay special attention to the question of funding education. This issue is even more important in our country, considering the long-time economic recession or (rather) crisis, as well as the disturbingly low level of economic activity and increasing social differences. Increasing the number of graduates without enhancing the quality of knowledge does not lead to an increase in the parameters of economic growth. Investing in human capital, as a condition for increasing productivity means investing in knowledge, not in a diploma. In this sense, responsible countries are expected to build a quality education system, regardless of the number of public and private institutions. The quality of the education system in a country is conditioned by the mode of its financing, i.e. by the division of responsibilities between the republic and local authorities (or other levels of government). The organization and financing of education has been transferred to the jurisdiction of lower territorial units, which may lead to significant disparities in the quality of education of the population of a country. The issue of education must be addressed at the national level, given the big differences in the development and budgetary possibilities of local governments. Even local communities that have the same financial capacities can differently allocate resources for education, depending on the evaluation of different priorities. The basic characteristics of funding education in our country are: modest budgetary possibilities, an impression that education is a burden rather than a long-term investment for our country, and the fact that the participation of education in the national budget and the total public expenditure is lower than the EU average.

In a recent period there is a great need for increasing the knowledge of tailoring the innovative procedures for the synthesis of electroceramic nanopowders and materials with improved quality for specific application. In order to produce electroceramics with desirable microstructure and properties, synthesis of stoichiometric, ultra-fine and agglomerate free powders with narrow size distributions is one of the most important steps. Within this scope, in the present paper we summarize our recent results on direct synthesis of some important perovskites and ferrites nanopowders by wet-chemical techniques.

Leere Ladenlokale, verwaiste Bushauschen und geschlossene Gemeindehauser sind die untruglichen Zeichen eines tiefgreifenden Wandels, der sich in den vergangenen Jahren in vielen deutschen (Klein-)Stadten und landlichen Raumen vollzogen hat. Geburtenruckgang und Wanderungsverluste haben diese Entwicklung ebenso forciert, wie leere offentliche Kassen und veranderte Konsumentenund Mobilitatswunsche. Die Tante-Emma-Laden sind lange vor dem Gewahr werden des demographischen Wandels gestorben. Billige Preise, groses Sortiment und die Allverfugbarkeit des PKWs haben die Menschen lieber zu einem Supermarkt auf der grunen Wiese fahren lassen, als wohnortnah einzukaufen. Die grosen Treiber des Infrastrukturabbaus im landlichen Raum bleiben jedoch der Bevolkerungsruckgang und die finanzielle Misere der Kommunen.

Ostojic S, Vukovic R, Milenkovic T, Mitrovic K, Djuric M, Nikolic L. Alpha coma in an adolescent with diabetic ketoacidosis. Turk J Pediatr 2017; 59: 318-321. This is the first report of alpha coma (AC) caused by brain edema in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). A previously healthy 15-year-old girl was admitted to the intensive care unit due to altered state of consciousness during the course of treatment for DKA. Patient was in a coma, intubated and had tachycardia with poor peripheral perfusion. Results of laboratory analyses indicated severe DKA and computed tomography scan indicated diffuse brain edema. The EEG pattern showed uniform alpha activity. Treatment with intravenous fluids, insulin and mannitol was started. Patient`s state of consciousness gradually improved and on the third day she was extubated. On the fifth day, her neurologic status and EEG findings were completely normal with no residual neurological deficits. In conclusion, although AC is associated with a high fatality rate, favorable outcome can be achieved with prompt recognition and treatment of cerebral edema in pediatric patients with DKA.

Maghsoudi, Behzad/0000-0002-1279-8799; Kritsotakis, Evangelos/0000-0002-9526-3852; Yalcin, Ata Nevzat/0000-0002-7243-7354; Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz, Malgorzata A/0000-0002-1148-7817; ALDEMIR KOCABAS, Bilge/0000-0002-6396-5243; Masjedi, Mohammad Reza/0000-0002-6871-382X; Masjedi, Mansoor/0000-0001-6175-9289; Gan, Chin Seng/0000-0002-6758-4798; Oncul, Oral/0000-0002-1681-1866; Sabetian, Golnar/0000-0001-8764-2150; YAMAN, Ayhan/0000-0002-5651-1286; Ozdemir, Halil/0000-0002-7318-1688; Leon, Hector Armando Rincon/0000-0003-0715-200X; Delia, Muntean/0000-0001-9100-4530; Atasay, Fatma Begum/0000-0002-9114-5293; Zand, Farid/0000-0003-3489-3372; Kuchenbecker, Ricardo/0000-0002-4707-3683; Medeiros, Eduardo A/0000-0002-6205-259X; ROMERO LOPEZ-ALBERCA, CRISTINA/0000-0001-5856-8668; Salomao, Reinaldo/0000-0003-1149-4598; ozdemir, sonay incesoy/0000-0003-2863-901X; Meco, Basak Ceyda/0000-0003-2951-9634; Horoz, Ozden Ozgur/0000-0001-7590-650X; Horhat, Florin George/0000-0001-6133-0204; Kazi, Mohammad Mukhit/0000-0003-3824-5540; Ciftci, Ergin/0000-0002-4955-160X; Abouqal, Redouane/0000-0002-6117-4341; Leblebicioglu, Hakan/0000-0002-6033-8543; Garcell, Humberto Guanche/0000-0001-7279-0062; Kendirli, Tanil/0000-0001-9458-2803; de Souza, Maria Cecilia B V/0000-0003-0318-3087; Sanaei Dashti, Anahita/0000-0002-2827-3575; UNAL, SERHAT/0000-0003-1184-4711; alvarez Moreno, carlos Arturo/0000-0001-5419-4494; Barahona G., Nayide/0000-0003-3559-6900; Rodriguez Ferrer, Marena Luz/0000-0002-8053-8454; Karabay, Oguz/0000-0003-0502-432X; Kaya, Sehnaz/0000-0003-0002-1517; ERDEVE, OMER/0000-0002-3193-0812; Gonzalez Martinez, Marisela del Rocio/0000-0003-1474-736X; Gikas, Achilleas/0000-0002-8455-9631; Baylan, Orhan/0000-0002-6529-7824; Mitrev, Zan/0000-0001-7859-8821; yildizdas, dincer/0000-0003-0739-5108; Ngo, Quy Chau/0000-0002-6787-2757; Duszynska, Wieslawa/0000-0002-5880-4904; KAYA, ZEYNEP/0000-0002-8468-2103; Dragan, Barbara/0000-0003-3108-4211; Gupta, Umesh/0000-0001-7717-1404; Navarro Fuentes, Karla Reyna/0000-0002-6894-8872; zali, Mohammadreza/0000-0002-9027-4560; Morocho Tutillo, Diego Rolando/0000-0002-4974-7856; El Kholy, Amani/0000-0002-0645-7664; Kanj, Souha/0000-0001-6413-3396; Assiri, Abdullah/0000-0002-5605-2876; Unal, Necmettin/0000-0002-9440-7893; Jayatilleke, Kushlani/0000-0002-3931-6630; KARABAY, OGUZ/0000-0003-1514-1685 WOS: 000341307100001 PubMed: 25179325 We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U. S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN. Copyright (C) 2014 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Disseminated neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is characterized by progressive multiple organ failure and high mortality rates. It can result from infection with either HSV-1 or HSV-2. We report a case of disseminated neonatal herpes that was caused by HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Introduction. Levosimendan is a novel positive inotropic agent which, improves myocardial contractility through its calcium-sensitizing action, without causing an increase in myocardial oxygen demand. Also, by opening ATP-sensitive potassium channels, it causes vasodilatation with the reduction in both afterload and preload. Because of the long halflife, its effects last for up 7 to 9 days after 24-hour infusion. Case report. We presented three patients 2, 15 and 17 years old. All the patients had severe acute deterioration of the previously diagnosed chronic heart failure (dilatative cardiomyopathy; univentricular heart with bidirectional Glenn anastomosis and restrictive bulboventricular foramen; bacterial endocarditis on artificial aortic valve with severe stenosis and regurgitation). Signs and symptoms of severe heart failure, cardiomegaly (cardio-thoracic index 0.65) and left ventricular dilatation (end-diastolic diameter z-score 2.6; 4.1 and 4.0) were confirmed on admission. Also, myocardial contractility was poor with ejection fraction (EF - 27%, 25%, 35%), fractional shortening (FS - 13%, 11%, 15%) and stroke volume (SV - 40, 60, 72 mL/m2). The treatment with standard intravenous inotropic agents resulted in no improvement but in clinical deterioration. Thus, standard intravenous inotropic support was stopped and levosimendan treatment was introduced. All the patients received a continuous 24-h infusion 0.1 μg/kg/min of levosimendan. In a single patient an initial loading dose of 11 μg/kg over 10 min was administrated, too. Levosimendan treatment resulted in both clinical and echocardiography improvement with the improved EF (42%, 34%, 44%), FS (21%, 16%, 22%) and SV (59, 82, 93 mL/m2). Hemodynamic improvement was registered too, with the reduction in heart rate in all the treated patients from 134-138 bpm before, to less than 120 bpm after the treatment. These parameters were followed by the normalization of lactate levels. Nevertheless, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter did not change after the levosimendan treatment. Conclusion. Our initial experience demonstrates that administration of levosimendan in patients with severe chronic heart failure not responsive to standard intravenous inotropic treatment might result in a significant clinical and hemodynamic improvement and that, in selected patients, it might be life saving. According to our best knowledge patients presented are the first pediatric patients treated with levosimendan in our country.

Various inflammatory diseases of central nervous system, including subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, could cause epilepsia partialis continua. Two boys with epilepsia partialis continua with onset in terminal phase of atypical subacute sclerosing panencephalitis have been reported. Children were not vaccinated against measles, and the second case had history of measles at an early age. In both cases, the onset of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis was characterized by altered behavior and cognitive decline with very fast mental and neurological deterioration. One boy was suffering from complex partial seizures and myoclonic jerks synchronous with periodic electroencephalographic pattern. Diagnosis was proved by increased titers of antimeasles antibodies in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid. In terminal phase of the disease, epilepsia partialis continua of localized group of the muscles was diagnosed, with good response to intravenous infusion of midazolam. Surface electroencephalographic recordings during epilepsia partialis continua did not show the epileptic discharges. During the terminal phase of the disease, no other type of seizures and movement disorders were recognized, except epilepsia partialis continua. In spite of the treatment, period from the onset of disease to death lasted less than 3 months, suggesting very fulminant course of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Background/Aim. Major aims of mechanical ventilation (MV) in pediatrics mean the contribution to complete recovery of acute disorder or to establishing stability of previously long-term changed health condition. MV is used today in 16-46% of patients treated in pediatric intensive care units. The aim of this paper was to get insight into the presence of the disease and pathologic conditions and outcome of MV regarding previous health condition of pediatric patients. Methods. This retrospective study included 476 pediatric patients (beyond neonatal age) who underwent mechanical ventilation (MV). On the basis of previous health status the patients were classified in two groups: the group A consisted of 157 children with no previous chronic disease leading to MV and the group H comprised of 319 children who received MV due to worsening of previous chronic disease. Results. In both groups of pediatric patients there was significant predominance of younger age patients. Acute and chronic neurological disorders were the most frequent conditions requiring use of MV. Out of a total number (476) of the patients, 178 patients (37.4%) died. In the group A 17 patients (10.9%) died, while in the group H mortality rate was significantly higher (161 or 50.5% patients died; p < 0.01; RR 4.85; CI 3.1-7.6). Total duration time of MV in all the patients was 7 525 days, with 1 345 days (15%) accounted for the group A and 4 567 days (85%) for the group H. Mean MV duration was 7.48 (? 9.23) days for the patients in the group A which is significantly shorter in comparison to mean 21.8 (? 57.96) days for the group H patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion. These results point out significant contribution of MV to better outcome in pediatric patients with different acute disorders. Clear dominance of chronically ill children requiring mechanical ventilation due to acute worsening of their condition implies new complexity of problems regarding organization of pediatric intensive care and treatment.

The Sol-gel coating to stengthen an alumina substrate has been studied. Increase the strength for two times the strength of uncoated substrate has been achieved. The strengthening depends on coating microstructure and the degree of bonding to the substrate. The coating microstructure has been changed by changing the processing parameters of silica sol preparation. The coating microstucture has been related to the pH value and water content of silica sol.