Search

Copyright of Electric Machines & Control / Dianji Yu Kongzhi Xuebao is the property of Electric Machines & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Empirical research results show that the system of logical operations and conclusion schemes does not become complete even in adulthood. Although we know other logical models besides the classical two-valued logical reasoning model, in higher education for students it is essential to know and apply the rules of the classical reasoning model. Proofs, reasoning and refutation are necessary in the case of several subjects, as scientific language uses many of logical operations. Our 2022 end-of-year research measured general logical basic-knowledge and operations in everyday life, mathematical, physical, chemical and biological contexts based on 246 university students’ online testing. The students completed the tasks which required the correct conclusion in the highest proportion (69.02%), followed by the interpretation of ‘at most’/‘at least’ (63.41%), and at least the negation (the negation of the ‘at least’, of ‘exists’ and of ‘for all’) (29.91%). Our results show that the correct interpretation did not become dominant in the case of all logical operations for these students. The everyday life problems were solved correctly by the highest percentage of students (70.05%), followed by problems in biological, physical and mathematical context. They were least successful (28.04%) in solving logical problems related to chemistry. This shows that our data cannot be analyzed without semantic content. Based on different statistical tests, we did not find a significant difference in performance between genders, but according to the human capital theory students of more highly educated mothers performed significantly better.

Parallel structure and switching circuit have become a fundamental theme in the concern of Artificial Intelligence and interconnection network and also it is revealed to be critical when researching in high performance. This Study helps to the process of breaking down larger process into normal form and independent secondary module, which helps to perform operations with various properties such as atomicity, consistency; isolation and switching features. They also help for manage and tune processing during faults in architecture, the results of which are combined upon completion as part of an overall algorithm. In this paper firstly we select the independent small module of hypercube then represent into data structure and apply logical operations into vectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We argue that traditional formulations of the reduction thesis that tie it to privileged relational operations do not suffice for Peirce's justification of the categories and invite the charge of gerrymandering to make it come out as true. We then develop a more robust invariant formulation of the thesis, one that is immune to that charge, by explicating the use of triads in any relational operations. The explication also allows us to track how Thirdness enters the structure of higher order relations and even to propose a numerical measure of it. Our analysis reveals new conceptual phenomena when negation or disjunction are used to compound relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we obtain axiom systems, bases of identities and quasi-identities for classes of algebras of binary relations with a conjunctive operation, i.e., an operation that can be defined by a logical formula containing only conjunctions. The result of applying such an operation to two binary relations is the Cartesian product of their reflexive projections. Our consideration of these classes leads to the concept of quasi-semilattices as a natural generalization of the notion of semilattices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of implementing logical operations for images using an accumulated echo-hologram with or without a phase difference between pairs of exciting pulses is considered. The possibility of performing a number of logical operations with images in a nano-time domain (union of sets, difference of sets, intersection of sets, symmetric difference) is shown, which leads to appropriate filtering and image processing [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many of the applied algorithms that have been developed for solving a system of logical equations or the Boolean satisfiability problem have solved the problem in the Boolean domain. However, other approaches have recently been developed and improved. One of these developments is the transformation of a system of logical equations to a real continuous domain. The essence of this development is that a system of logical equations is transformed into a system in a real domain and the solution is sought in a real continuous domain. A real continuous domain is a richer domain, as it involves many well-developed algorithms. In this paper, we have constructively transformed the solution of any system of logical equations with a unique solution into an optimization problem for a polylinear target function in a unit n -dimensional cube K n . The resulting polylinear target function in K n does not have a local minimum. We proved that only once by calculating the gradient of the polylinear target function at any interior point of the K n cube, we can determine the solution to the system of logical equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As two important expanded quantification rough sets models, the multigranulation decision-theoretic rough sets mainly uses conditional probability to show relative quantitative information in multigranulation framework, and the graded multigranulation rough set is used to measure absolute quantitative information. However, they only consider the absolute quantitative (relative quantitative) information in granular structure, but do not consider the relative quantitative (absolute quantitative) information. It means that they cannot reflect a complete information. In order to overcome the defect, this paper proposes two pairs of multigranulation double-quantitative decision-theoretic rough sets models based on Bayesian decision and graded multigranulation rough sets, which essentially indicate the relative and absolute information quantification. After further studies to discuss decision rules and the inner relationship between these two models. Furthermore, we introduce an illustrative case to show the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed models, and the results show that our methods are effective for dealing with practical problems. Finally, we present some experiments based on UCI data sets showing the advantages of our proposed models in classification performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In connection with applications, the solution of a system of logical equations plays an important role in computational mathematics and in many other areas. As a result, many new directions and algorithms for solving systems of logical equations are being developed. One of these directions is transformation into the real continuous domain. The real continuous domain is a richer domain to work with because it features many algorithms, which are well designed. In this study, firstly, we transformed any system of logical equations in the unit n -dimensional cube K n into a system of polylinear–polynomial equations in a mathematically constructive way. Secondly, we proved that if we slightly modify the system of logical equations, namely, add no more than one special equation to the system, then the resulting system of logical equations and the corresponding system of polylinear–polynomial equations in K n + 1 is equivalent. The paper proposes an algorithm and proves its correctness. Based on these results, further research plans are developed to adapt the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a core component of a processor, is one of the thrust areas of the current research. Presently, ALU is designed by transistor-based CMOS technique and its individual components are placed in different layers. The current design is affected by the limitations of Moore's law and design complexity. At present, 'Quantum cellular automata electro-spin (QCA-ES)' technology is widely accepted technology as an alternative of 'CMOS' to minimize the above discussed problems. In this research paper, the design of a novel multilayer portable, dynamic, fault-tolerant, power-efficient, thermally stable reversible ALU is proposed which is explored through QCA-ES. All the arithmetic and logical components of ALU are separately placed in different layers. Area density, delay, fault tolerance and thermal stability are investigated. A specific type of gate, known as reversible gate (modified 3:3 'TSG' gate), is used in this proposed design with QCA technology to get the optimized design ALU with low occupied area, complexity, delay and power dissipation. Investigation of a fault-free design and saturated amplitude level (of output) change with respect to temperature increment in the proposed device are also discussed in this paper. Not only the thermal stability (up to 6 k temperature) but also an investigation on cell complexity of the 100% fault-free (against multiple cell-omission, cell-displacement, cell-orientation change and extra cell deposition), multilayer nano-device is represented in this work. 'QCA-Designer' software is used in this research work to design and develop layout of the proposed components in quantum-field and find out the occupied area, delay and complexity of proposed design. 'QCA-Pro' software is used for getting the value of dissipated power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two not-difficult inequalities are invented and proved in detail, which adequately describe the behavior of discrete logical functions xor(x1, x2,…, xn) and and(x1, x2,…, xn). Based on these proven inequalities, infinitely differentiable extensions of the logical functions xor(x1, x2,…, xn) and and(x1, x2,…, xn) were defined for the entire ℝn. These suitable extensions were applied to systems of logical equations. Specifically, the system of m logical equations in a constructive way without adding any equations (not field equations and no others) is transformed in ℝn first into an equivalent system of m smooth rational equations (SmSRE) so that the solution of SmSRE can be reduced to the problem minimization of the objective function, and any numerical optimization methods can be applied since the objective function will be infinitely differentiable. Again, we transformed SmSRE into an equivalent system of m polynomial equations (SmPE). This means that any symbolic methods for solving polynomial systems can be used to solve and analyze an equivalent SmPE. The equivalence of these systems has been proved in detail. Based on these proofs and results, in the next paper, we plan to study the practical applicability of numerical optimization methods for SmSRE and symbolic methods for SmPE.

Проблематика. Сфера застосувань програмного забезпечення, яке оперує мультимодальними даними, стає все ширшою. Для розроблення ефективних алгоритмів оброблення мультимодальних даних необхідне їх подання як комплексних структур. Існуючі підходи більшістю орієнтовані на незалежне подання даних різної природи, що знижує ефективність їх застосування для комплексного подання мультимодальних даних. Мета дослідження. Розроблення математичного забезпечення для комплексного подання та оброблення мультимо­дальних даних у комп’ютерних системах. Методика реалізації. Алгебрична система агрегатів розроблена для комплексного подання мультимодальних даних. У ній визначено логічні операції, операції впорядкування та арифметичні операції над агрегатами. Логічні операції можуть використовуватися для формування комплексного подання потрібних даних у формі агрегатів для подальшого їх аналізу. Передумовою такого подання є те, що дані мають належати різним модальностям та бути визначеними в часі, тобто являти собою послідовності. Результати дослідження. Запропоновано та описано логічні операції над агрегатами. Ці операції дають можливість отримувати різноманітні композиції мультимодальних даних, що робить можливим комплексне подання даних для всебічного опису об’єктів та процесів у різноманітних галузях, в тому числі в медицині. Розроблено та представлено концепцію мультиобразу, яка дає змогу комплексно описувати об’єкт, суб’єкт або процес на основі даних, отриманих під час спостереження, яке виконується з урахуванням часу. Висновки. Алгебрична система агрегатів є засобом для комплексного подання даних. Вона дає змогу оброблювати мультимодальні дані, використовуючи набір операції та відношень. Основною відмінністю між логічними операціями в алгебричній системі агрегатів та логічними операціями над множинами є те, що агрегат являє собою комплексне подання набору даних, представлених у вигляді послідовностей, де порядок слідування елементів кожної модальності є важливим і таким, що впливає на результат операції.

Background. To build modern efective programs for the development of preschoolers’ logical thinking, it is necessary to study the specifcs of the operational structures functioning within their thought systems. According to Piaget, two operational groups of thought developnin parallel and synchrony: 1) logical-mathematical (classifcation, seriation, and invariant construction — the conservation principle); and 2) spatial-temporal — the structuringnof space (linear ordering [LO], transformation of geometric forms [TGS], reconstruction ofn sensorimotor space at the level of representations [RSMS]) and time. However, there has been no empirical verifcation of the signifcant links between the levels of development of an individual’s logical-mathematical and spatial-temporal operations in his/her system of thought. Purpose. Te purpose of this study was to examine the nature of the links between the elements of the logical-mathematical and spatial-operational structures in preschoolers’ systems of thought. Design. Te study involved the following steps: 1) Individual diagnosis of the developmental level of logical-mathematical and spatial operations in 52 preschool children (5,8 – 7,1 years) using classica Piaget techniques and the Bender-Gestalt test; 2) identifcation of the operational developmental stage of each examinee; and 3) identifcation of the nature of the links between the logical-mathematical and spatial operational structures within each child’s thinking system, using statistical tools for data analysis (ρ Spearman; regression analysis). Results. Statistically signifcant diferences between the developmental levels of spatial and logical-mathematical operations were revealed, as well as between the levels of development of spatial operations LO, TGS, and RSMS as measured by the Bender-Gestalt test. It was found that all the spatial operations (LO, TGS, RSMS) were conceived at a higher level than logical-mathematical operations (classifcation, seriation, and the conservation principle). Signifcant predictors of the development of logical-mathematical/spatial operations were identifed Conclusions. Piaget’s hypothesis that the development of the logical-mathematical and spatial operations within a child’s thinking system is an interconnected process has received statistical justifcation in this study. Te data we obtained suggest that both operational structures have similar sets of features. As proof that an internal causal nexus between the logicalmathematical and spatial structures exists, it is necessary to conduct formative experiments in which some thought operations (predictors) will be formed by training, while previously missing operations are induced to appear in the child’s thinking system indirectly.

In present digital era, multimedia like images, text, documents and videos plays a vital role, therefore due to increase in usage of digital data; there comes high demand of security. Encryption is a technique used to secure and protect the images from unfair means. In cryptography, chaotic maps play an important role in forming strong and effective encryption algorithm. In this paper 3D chaotic logistic map with DNA encoding is used for confusion and diffusion of image pixels. Additionally, three symmetric keys are used to initialize 3D chaos logistic map, which makes the encryption algorithm strong. The symmetric keys used are 32 bit ASCII key, Chebyshev chaotic key and prime key. The algorithm first applies 3D non-linear logistic chaotic map with three symmetric keys in order to generate initial conditions. These conditions are then used in image row and column permutation to create randomness in pixels. The third chaotic sequence generated by 3D map is used to generate key image. Diffusion of these random pixels are done using DNA encoding; further XOR logical operation is applied between DNA encoded input image and key image. Analysis parameters like NPCR, UACI, entropy, histogram, chi-square test and correlation are calculated for proposed algorithm and also compared with different existing encryption methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cybernetics & Systems Analysis / Kibernetiki i Sistemnyj Analiz is the property of V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of NAS of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this Letter, the authors designed a photonic configurable logic block (pCLB) with 1×1 Mach–Zehnder modulator as a universal photonic gate (UPG) using electro‐optic mechanism. The UPG is capable of performing all the logical operations with the help of FPGA as a configuration controller. The functionality and its suitability is verified by forming a pCLB of ten UPGs, which finds applications in digital photonics. For the design of pCLB, traditional electronic design automation tools are used. The pCLB provides features namely scalability and modular approach, for the reconfigurable digital photonic integrated circuits. The photonic gate designed using a two‐dimensional finite difference time domain approach shows a crosstalk‐free operation with a negligible transmission loss of 0.18 dB and flexible switching control compared to the existing 2×2 MZI‐based photonic gate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differential cascode voltage switch (DCVS) is a static technique which offers the advantages of layout density, logic flexibility together with improved delay and power consumption. In this study, DCVS‐based ternary logic gates and unary operators are reported using static diode voltage divider topology. The main focus of the proposed ternary designs using DCVS logic style is to provide minimum energy consumption with less area overhead. In the presented method, a new power efficient and compact solution is being provided to improve the driving capability of the ternary DCVS circuits. All the simulations are performed on HSPICE synopsis simulator using 32 nm technology under different operational conditions. For the inversion and logical operations, the proposed method has a maximum power reduction of 45% and an energy reduction of 30% as compared to earlier reported DCVS designs. In the case of shifting operators, the maximum power reduction of 38.93% and an energy reduction of 39% are achieved. The design performance is robust when subjected to various process variation effects and have sufficient noise margins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the implementation of the logical operation of disjunction of signals using accumulated stimulated echo holography. We study the processing of information embedded in the laser pulses of a pulse pair, with one of the pulses in the pair being an object and the other one having a wide frequency spectrum. We show that, taking the pulse spectra as narrow frequency regions within the inhomogeneously broadened resonance transition line, it is possible to implement the disjunction operation in the frequency domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, various methods and directions for solving a system of Boolean algebraic equations have been invented, and now they are being very actively investigated. One of these directions is the method of transforming a system of Boolean algebraic equations, given over a ring of Boolean polynomials, into systems of equations over a field of real numbers, and various optimization methods can be applied to these systems. In this paper, we propose a new transformation method for Solving Systems of Boolean Algebraic Equations (SBAE). The essence of the proposed method is that firstly, SBAE written with logical operations are transformed (approximated) in a system of harmonic-polynomial equations in the unit n-dimensional cube Kn with the usual operations of addition and multiplication of numbers. Secondly, a transformed (approximated) system in Kn is solved by using the optimization method. We substantiated the correctness and the right to exist of the proposed method with reliable evidence. Based on this work, plans for further research to improve the proposed method are outlined.

The main objective of this research is a simple attempt to suggest three new logical connectors and establish an equation a chart of truth for each of them. Secondly, and using the logical operations of these three connectors, we seek to show how comprehensive and widespread and effective is the Neutrosophic logic (NL) compared to any other logic, taking into account the Fuzzy Logic (FL) as well as the classical logic (CL) as a comparative model.

The purpose of this article is to present the work done on the implementation of rules for gliders in a game of life with a non-regular network with boundaries. First of all, we will recall the basic principle of the game of life by mentioning some structures that appear regularly and are very important as gliders. We will improve the accuracy of the collision rules between gliders. Then, we will introduce non-regular space by adding a new state for cells in boundaries. Thus it will be necessary to give the rules relating to this new cellular automaton. We will finally deal with logic gates by giving which we obtained this modified game of life.

The concept and analysis of a nano‐scale multifunctional logic gate based on graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) plasmonic waveguides at a wavelength of 7.5µm are presented. By using graphene as a metamaterial with outstanding electro‐optical properties, various logical operations including AND, OR, and XOR are implemented. The proposed multifunctional structure supports surface plasmons (SPs) whose dispersion properties can be controlled by applying an electrical field to graphene. The effects of the incident polarisation and the substrate of graphene on the transmission of SPs are investigated. Simulations by finite difference time domain method show that the extinction ratios for the presented logical operations are higher than 15dB. Also, the structure has a compact footprint of 1.12µm2 which is suitable for using in integrated photonic circuits. This provides a path for the development of novel nano‐scale practical on‐chip applications such as plasmonic memory devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of KPI Science News is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In decision-making problem, fuzzy system is considered as an effective tool with access to uncertain information by fuzzy representations. Evolutionary fuzzy systems have been developed with the appearance of intuitionistic fuzzy, hesitant fuzzy, neutrosophic representations, etc. Moreover, by capturing compound features and convey multifaceted information, complex numbers are utilized to generalize fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy sets. However, the order relations established in these existing systems have certain limitations, such as they are not total order relations or they are defined based on intermediate functions, hence it is difficult to use in building and ensuring important properties of logical operators and distance measures in the systems. In this article, a representation of the intuitionistic fuzzy systems based on complex numbers (IFS-C) in the polar form by a new way is proposed to overcome the above restrictions. Specifically, an intuitionistic fuzzy set is characterized by the two functions of modulus and argument. A new order relation, set-theoretic operations, and a new distance measure by the polar form of IFS-C are defined and investigated. The applicability of the proposal is illustrated by a new decision-making model called P-distance measure. It is tested on the benchmark medical datasets in comparison with the existing methods. The experiments confirm the advantages of the proposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An error-correction method is proposed for computer arithmetic logic units, in which memory duplication is executed and an algebraic linear code with minimal information redundancy is used for control. Rules for the use of coded information have been formulated for error detection during execution of arithmetic and logical operations. A procedure is proposed for the formulation of the duplication channel of arithmetic logic units due to the use of equipment intended for coding of information and the functional redundancy of the arithmetic logic units of the processor. Mechanisms are revealed that make it possible to use the functional arithmetic logic units of the processor and the monitoring equipment for the execution of primary and duplicating functions. Hardware costs are calculated for the formation of the duplication channel, and a comparative estimation is conducted of the gain in probability of failure-free operation of the fail-safe computer when using the proposed method of error correction in comparison with the majority reservation method. It is shown that the developed method of error correction, by comparison with the majority method, makes it possible to improve the probability of failure-free operation of the computer, reduce by a third the overall hardware costs, and reduce by a factor of 2.5 the expenditures for creation of the arithmetic logic unit of the processor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new operation on fuzzy sets - the r-composition of n-sets - is introduced. The particular cases of this operation are logical conjunction (r = 1) or disjunction (r = n). In the general case (1 < r < n), this operation is purely fuzzy and has no analogs among the operations on fuzzy sets. The operation of r-composition is applied to the solution of control problems under uncertainty.

The purpose of this article is to present the work done on the implementation of rules for gliders in a game of life with a non-regular network with boundaries. First of all, we will recall the basic principle of the game of life by mentioning some structures that appear regularly and are very important as gliders. We will improve the accuracy of the collision rules between gliders. Then, we will introduce non-regular space by adding a new state for cells in boundaries. Thus it will be necessary to give the rules relating to this new cellular automaton. We will finally deal with logic gates by giving which we obtained this modified game of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Naukovi visti NTUU - KPI is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recent research has given relevance to the role of phonological awareness and the knowledge of letters in preschool. Research on the role of logical thinking (logical operations) and studies with this integration are rare. The logical operations (Seriation, Classification and Classes' Inclusion), phonological awareness and the knowledge of letters are important in preschool, but there are no studies that address these predictors simultaneously. This study aims to analyze the relationship between logical operations, phonological awareness and letter knowledge of children who are attending pre-school education, taking into account the children's age and gender and parent's qualifications. The sample consisted of 116 children attending three schools. The results of this study show that there are no significant differences on the child's gender. Regarding age, there were statistically significant differences between the older and the younger kids in Piagetian tasks seriation and classification. As for the educational qualifications of parents, there were significant differences, so that children with better performance were the ones of parents with higher education. There are significant positive correlations between the logical operations, phonological awareness and letter knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aggregate function and iceberg queries are important and common in many applications of data warehouse because users are generally interested in looking for variance or unusual patterns. Normally, the nature of the queries to be executed on data warehouse are the queries with aggregate function followed by having clause, these type of queries are known as iceberg query. Especially to have efficient techniques for processing aggregate function of iceberg query is very important because their processing cost is much higher than that of the other basic relational operations such as SELECT and PROJECT. Presently available iceberg query processing techniques faces the problem of empty bitwise AND, OR XOR operation and requires more I/O access and time. To overcome these problems proposed research provides efficient algorithm to execute iceberg queries using priority based bitmap indexing strategy. Priority based approach consider bitmap vector to be executed as per the priority. Intermediate results are evaluated to find probability of result. Fruitless operations are identified and skipped in advance which help to reduce I/O access and time. Time and iteration required to process query is reduced [45-50] % compare to previous strategy. Experimental result proves the superiority of priorty based approach compare to previous bitmap processing approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in multimedia ontology have resulted in a number of concept models, e.g., large-scale concept for multimedia and Mediamill 101, which are accessible and public to other researchers. However, most current research effort still focuses on building new concepts from scratch, very few work explores the appropriate method to construct new concepts upon the existing models already in the warehouse. To address this issue, we propose a new framework in this paper, termed LEarning Structured Model by Probabilistic loGic Ontology Tree for MultiM edia (LEGO 1 -MM), which can seamlessly integrate both the new target training examples and the existing primitive concept models to infer the more complex concept models. LEGO-MM treats the primitive concept models as the lego toy to potentially construct an unlimited vocabulary of new concepts. Specifically, we first formulate the logic operations to be the lego connectors to combine the existing concept models hierarchically in probabilistic logic ontology trees. Then, we incorporate new target training information simultaneously to efficiently disambiguate the underlying logic tree and correct the error propagation. Extensive experiments are conducted on a large vehicle domain data set from ImageNet. The results demonstrate that LEGO-MM has significantly superior performance over the existing state-of-the-art methods, which build new concept models from scratch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers complex natural language sentence as atomic predicates, and functional-true operations between them effect on representation of content of sentences. The study analyzes certain forms of logic and linguistic models of text information as well as formation of semantic relationships between concepts of natural language sentences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]