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3. Relationships between Parental Education and Overweight with Childhood Overweight and Physical Activity in 9-11 Year Old Children: Results from a 12-Country Study

Author

Muthuri, S. K., Onywera, V. O., Tremblay, M. S., Broyles, S. T., Chaput, J. P., Fogelholm, M., Hu, G., Kuriyan, R., Kurpad, A., Lambert, E. V., Maher, C., Maia, J., Matsudo, V., Olds, T., Sarmiento, O. L., Standage, M., Tudor Locke, C., Zhao, P., Church, T. S., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Lambert, D. G., Barreira, T., Broyles, S., Butitta, B., Champagne, C., Cocreham, S., Denstel, K. D., Drazba, K., Harrington, D., Johnson, W., Milauskas, D., Mire, E., Tohme, A., Rodarte, R., Amoroso, B., Luopa, J., Neiberg, R., Rushing, S., Lewis, L., Ferrar, K., Georgiadis, E., Stanley, R., Matsudo, V. K. R., Matsudo, S., Araujo, T., De Oliveira, L. C., Fabiano, L., Bezerra, D., Ferrari, G., Bélanger, P., Borghese, M., Boyer, C., Leblanc, A., Francis, C., Leduc, G., Diao, C., Li, W., Liu, E., Liu, G., Liu, H., Ma, J., Qiao, Y., Tian, H., Wang, Y., Zhang, T., Zhang, F., Sarmiento, O., Acosta, J., Alvira, Y., Diaz, M. P., Gamez, R., Garcia, M. P., Gómez, L. G., Gonzalez, L., Gonzalez, S., Grijalba, C., Gutierrez, L., Leal, D., Lemus, N., Mahecha, E., Mahecha, M. P., Mahecha, R., Ramirez, A., Rios, P., Suarez, A., Triana, C., Hovi, E., Kivelä, J., Räsänen, S., Roito, S., Saloheimo, T., Valta, L., Lokesh, D. P., D'Almeida, M. S., Mattilda R, A., Correa, L., Vijay, D., Wachira, L. J., Muthuri, S., Da Silva Borges, A., Sá Cachada, S. O., De Chaves, R. N., Gomes, T. N. Q. F., Pereira, S. I. S., De Vilhena E. Santos, D. M., Dos Santos, F. K., Da Silva, P. G. R., De Souza, M. C., Lambert, V., April, M., Uys, M., Naidoo, N., Synyanya, N., Carstens, M., Cumming, S., Drenowatz, C., Emm, L., Gillison, F., Zakrzewski, J., Braud, A., Donatto, S., Lemon, C., Jackson, A., Pearson, A., Pennington, G., Ragus, D., Roubion, R., Schuna, J., Wiltz, J. r., Batterham, A., Kerr, J., Pratt, M., Pietrobelli, Angelo, Muthuri, Stella K, Onywera, Vincent O, Tremblay, Mark S, Broyles, Stephanie T, Chaput, Jean-Philippe, Fogelholm, Mikael, Hu, Gang, Kuriyan, Rebecca, Kurpad, Anura, Lambert, Estelle V, Maher, Carol, Maia, José, Matsudo, Victor, Olds, Timothy, Sarmiento, Olga L, Standage, Martyn, Tudor-Locke, Catrine, Zhao, Pei, Church, Timothy S, Katzmarzyk, Peter T, MRC/UCT RU for Exercise and Sport Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Nutrition Science

Subjects
Gerontology, Male, Parents, Pediatric Obesity, Physiology, Economics, Physical fitness, Economics of Training and Education, SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN, BODY-MASS INDEX, OBESITY, Social Sciences, lcsh:Medicine, physical activity, DETERMINANTS, RA773, Overweight, Pediatrics, Families, Fathers, 0302 clinical medicine, Sociology, Risk Factors, Medicine and Health Sciences, Public and Occupational Health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, lcsh:Science, Children, 2. Zero hunger, Human Capital, Family Characteristics, Multidisciplinary, Child Health, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, FAMILY, TIME, 3. Good health, Multidisciplinary Sciences, YOUTH, Physiological Parameters, Population Surveillance, educational attainment, OBESITY, child health, Educational Status, ADIPOSITY, Female, SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN, medicine.symptom, childhood obesity, TRANSITION, BEHAVIOR, Research Article, Childhood Obesity, Mothers, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, fathers, Childhood obesity, Education, 03 medical and health sciences, children, medicine, Humans, Body Weights and Measures, economics of training and education, Socioeconomic status, Exercise, Life Style, Educational Attainment, business.industry, Body Weight, lcsh:R, Biology and Life Sciences, Odds ratio, Physical Activity, medicine.disease, Obesity, Educational attainment, BODY-MASS INDEX, mothers, Age Groups, People and Places, Population Groupings, lcsh:Q, business, Body mass index, Demography
Abstract

Background: Globally, the high prevalence of overweight and low levels of physical activity among children has serious implications for morbidity and premature mortality in adulthood. Various parental factors are associated with childhood overweight and physical activity. The objective of this paper was to investigate relationships between parental education or overweight, and (i) child overweight, (ii) child physical activity, and (iii) explore household coexistence of overweight, in a large international sample. Methods: Data were collected from 4752 children (9–11 years) as part of the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment in 12 countries around the world. Physical activity of participating children was assessed by accelerometry, and body weight directly measured. Questionnaires were used to collect parents' education level, weight, and height. Results: Maternal and paternal overweight were positively associated with child overweight. Higher household coexistence of parent-child overweight was observed among overweight children compared to the total sample. There was a positive relationship between maternal education and child overweight in Colombia 1.90 (1.23–2.94) [odds ratio (confidence interval)] and Kenya 4.80 (2.21–10.43), and a negative relationship between paternal education and child overweight in Brazil 0.55 (0.33–0.92) and the USA 0.54 (0.33–0.88). Maternal education was negatively associated with children meeting physical activity guidelines in Colombia 0.53 (0.33–0.85), Kenya 0.35 (0.19–0.63), and Portugal 0.54 (0.31–0.96). Conclusions: Results are aligned with previous studies showing positive associations between parental and child overweight in all countries, and positive relationships between parental education and child overweight or negative associations between parental education and child physical activity in lower economic status countries. Relationships between maternal and paternal education and child weight status and physical activity appear to be related to the developmental stage of different countries. Given these varied relationships, it is crucial to further explore familial factors when investigating child overweight and physical activity. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Published
2016

4. Real-world use of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in percutaneous coronary intervention-treated ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients: A single-center registry study.

Author

Hee, Leia, Gibbs, Oliver J., Assad, Joseph G., Sharma, Lokesh D., Hopkins, Andrew, Juergens, Craig P., Lo, Sidney, and Mussap, Christian J.

Abstract

The primary aim was to investigate the efficacy and safety of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) using ticagrelor (T-DAPT) versus clopidogrel (C-DAPT) in a real-world ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) population. We retrospectively analyzed 655 consecutive patients having primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for STEMI at Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, Australia (from January 2013 to April 2016). Medical and procedural therapies were at clinician discretion. Patient data were retrieved from hospital records and primary clinicians. T-DAPT (65%) was used more frequently, and in patients with lower mean CRUSADE (Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines) score, than C-DAPT (24.6 vs. 32.2; p < 0.0001, respectively). All-cause mortality was 9.0% at 2.7 years follow-up, with fewer deaths for T-DAPT (4.5% vs. 17.2%; p < 0.0001). T-DAPT incurred less BARC (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium) 3–5 major bleeding (5.0% vs. 12.4%; p < 0.0001). Multivariate regression showed that C-DAPT, GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Cardiac Events) score, and renal insufficiency were independently associated with mortality. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) and GRACE score independently predicted BARC 3–5 bleeding. Early DAPT discontinuation (1.7%) and ticagrelor intolerance (7.6%) was rare. Switching DAPT regimen was infrequent (21.7%) and mostly attributed to clinician preference (73.2%). Independent determinants of C-DAPT selection were older age, diabetes, prior PCI, IABP, and higher CRUSADE score. Ticagrelor was preferred in low bleeding risk patients, which may have contributed to less BARC 3–5 bleeding and lower mortality for T-DAPT. Thus, bleeding mitigation is a clinical priority when selecting DAPT for PCI-treated STEMI patients. Continuation of initial DAPT regimen was typical, but early switching from clopidogrel to ticagrelor shows willingness to optimize DAPT. Patients with very low CRUSADE scores (<21.5) may be appropriate for switching to a potent P2Y12 inhibitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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6. Improving wear time compliance with a 24-hour waist-worn accelerometer protocol in the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE)

Author

Tudor Locke, C., Barreira, T. V., Schuna, J. M., Mire, E. F., Chaput, J. P., Fogelholm, M., Hu, G., Kuriyan, R., Kurpad, A., Lambert, E. V., Maher, C., Maia, J., Matsudo, V., Olds, T., Onywera, V., Sarmiento, O. L., Standage, M., Tremblay, M. S., Zhao, P., Church, T. S., Katzmarzyk, P. T., Lambert, D. G., Barreira, T., Broyles, S., Butitta, B., Champagne, C., Cocreham, S., Dentro, K., Drazba, K., Harrington, D., Johnson, W., Milauskas, D., Mire, E., Tohme, A., Rodarte, R., Amoroso, B., Luopa, J., Neiberg, R., Rushing, S., Lewis, L., Ferrar, K., Physio, B., Georgiadis, E., Stanley, R., Matsudo, V. K. R., Matsudo, S., Araujo, T., de Oliveira, L. C., Rezende, L., Fabiano, L., Bezerra, D., Ferrari, G., Bélanger, P., Borghese, M., Boyer, C., Leblanc, A., Francis, C., Leduc, G., Diao, C., Li, W., Liu, E., Liu, G., Liu, H., Ma, J., Qiao, Y., Tian, H., Wang, Y., Zhang, T., Zhang, F., Sarmiento, O., Acosta, J., Alvira, Y., Diaz, M. P., Gamez, R., Garcia, M. P., Gómez, L. G., Gonzalez, L., Gonzalez, S., Grijalba, C., Gutierrez, L., Leal, D., Lemus, N., Mahecha, E., Mahecha, M. P., Mahecha, R., Ramirez, A., Rios, P., Suarez, A., Triana, C., Hovi, E., Kivelä, J., Räsänen, S., Roito, S., Saloheimo, T., Valta, L., Lokesh, D. P., D'Almeida, M. S., Annie Mattilda, R., Correa, L., Vijay, D., Wachira, L. J., Muthuri, S., da Silva Borges, A., Oliveira Sá Cachada, S., de Chaves, R. N., Gomes, T. N. Q. F., Pereira, S. I. S., de Vilhena e. Santos, D. M., dos Santos, F. K., Rodrigues da Silva, P. G., de Souza, M. C., Lambert, V., April, M., Uys, M., Naidoo, N., Synyanya, N., Carstens, M., Donatto, S., Lemon, C., Jackson, A., Pearson, A., Pennington, G., Ragus, D., Roubion, R., Schuna, J., Wiltz, D., Batterham, A., Kerr, J., Pratt, M., Pietrobelli, Angelo, ISCOLE Research Group, Tudor-Locke, Catrine, Barreira, Tiago V, Schuna, John M, Mire, Emily F, Maher, Carol A, Olds, Timothy S, Katzmarzyk, Peter T, University of Helsinki, Department of Food and Nutrition, Nutrition Science, MRC/UCT RU for Exercise and Sport Medicine, and Faculty of Health Sciences

Subjects
Male, Gerontology, Pediatric Obesity, Time Factors, Accelerometry, Exercise, Measurement, Physical activity, Sedentary time, Pediatrics, Medicine (miscellaneous), RA773, Accelerometer, Pediatrics, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical Protocols, Surveys and Questionnaires, Accelerometry, 030212 general & internal medicine, 315 Sport and fitness sciences, Child, Measurement, Nutrition and Dietetics, ALGORITHMS, Nutrition Surveys, 16. Peace & justice, 3. Good health, Sedentary time, Female, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Physical activity, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Motor Activity, Childhood obesity, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, medicine, Humans, WRIST, Accelerometer data, Wakefulness, Life Style, Exercise, Protocol (science), HIP, business.industry, Methodology, 030229 sport sciences, medicine.disease, United States, PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY, Physical therapy, Sleep, business
Abstract

Background We compared 24-hour waist-worn accelerometer wear time characteristics of 9–11 year old children in the International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE) to similarly aged U.S. children providing waking-hours waist-worn accelerometer data in the 2003–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods Valid cases were defined as having ≥4 days with ≥10 hours of waking wear time in a 24-hour period, including one weekend day. Previously published algorithms for extracting total sleep episode time from 24-hour accelerometer data and for identifying wear time (in both the 24-hour and waking-hours protocols) were applied. The number of valid days obtained and a ratio (percent) of valid cases to the number of participants originally wearing an accelerometer were computed for both ISCOLE and NHANES. Given the two surveys’ discrepant sampling designs, wear time (minutes/day, hours/day) from U.S. ISCOLE was compared to NHANES using a meta-analytic approach. Wear time for the 11 additional countries participating in ISCOLE were graphically compared with NHANES. Results 491 U.S. ISCOLE children (9.92±0.03 years of age [M±SE]) and 586 NHANES children (10.43 ± 0.04 years of age) were deemed valid cases. The ratio of valid cases to the number of participants originally wearing an accelerometer was 76.7% in U.S. ISCOLE and 62.6% in NHANES. Wear time averaged 1357.0 ± 4.2 minutes per 24-hour day in ISCOLE. Waking wear time was 884.4 ± 2.2 minutes/day for U.S. ISCOLE children and 822.6 ± 4.3 minutes/day in NHANES children (difference = 61.8 minutes/day, p

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