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Abstract Background The binary diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome(MetS) fails to accurately evaluate its severity, and the association between MetS severity and frailty progression remains inadequately elucidated. This study aims to clarify the relationship between the severity of MetS and the progression of frailty among the middle-aged and elderly population in China. Method Participants from the 2011–2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS) were included for a longitudinal analysis. The study employs a frailty index(FI) based on 32 health deficits to diagnose frailty and to assess FI trajectories. An age-sex-ethnicity-specific MetS scoring model (MetS score) was used to assess metabolic syndrome severity in Chinese adults. The Cumulative MetS score from 2012 to 2015 was calculated using the formula: (MetS score in wave 1 + MetS score in wave 3) / 2 × time(2015 - 2012). The association between MetS score, Cumulative MetS score, and the risk and trajectory of frailty were evaluated using Cox regression/logistic regression, and linear mixed models. Restricted Cubic Splines(RCS) models were utilized to detect potential non-linear associations. Results A higher MetS score was significantly associated with an increased risk of frailty(HR per 1 SD increase = 1.205; 95%CI: 1.14 to 1.273) and an accelerated FI trajectory(β per 1 SD increase = 0.113 per year; 95%CI: 0.075 to 0.15 per year). Evaluating changes in MetS score using a Cumulative MetS score indicated that each 1 SD increase in the Cumulative MetS score increased the risk of frailty by 22.2%(OR = 1.222; 95%CI: 1.133 to 1.319) and accelerated the rate of increase in FI(β = 0.098 per year; 95%CI: 0.058 to 0.138 per year). RCS model results demonstrated a dose-response curve relationship between MetS score and Cumulative MetS score with frailty risk. Stratified analysis showed consistency across subgroups. The interaction results indicate that in males and individuals under aged 60, MetS score may accelerate the increase in FI, a finding consistent across both models. Conclusions Our findings underscore the positive correlation between the severity of MetS and frailty progression in the middle-aged and elderly, highlighting the urgent need for early identification of MetS and targeted interventions to reduce the risk of frailty.

Tetracycline has received a great deal of interest for the harmful effects of substance abuse on ecosystems and humanity. The effects of different processes on the degradation of tetracycline were compared, with dual-frequency ultrasound (DFUS) in combination with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) being the most effective for the tetracycline degradation. Free radical scavenging experiments showed that O2∙-, SO4∙- and •OH were the main reactive radicals in the degradation of tetracycline. According to the major intermediates of tetracycline degradation identified, three possible degradation pathways were proposed, which are of significance for translational studies of tetracycline degradation. Notably, these intermediates were found to be significantly less toxicity. The number of active bubbles in the degradation vessel was calculated using a semi-empirical formula, and a higher value of 1.44 × 108 L-1s−1 of bubbles was obtained when using dual-frequency ultrasound at 20 kHz (210 W/L) and 80 kHz (85.4 W/L). Therefore, compared to 20 kHz, although the yield of strong oxidizing substances from individual active bubbles decreased slightly, a significant increment of the number of active bubbles still resulted in a higher synergistic effect, and the combination of DFUS and PMS should be effective in promoting the generation of reactive free radicals and mass transfer processes within the degradation vessel, which provides a method for efficient removal of tetracycline from wastewater.

Abstract The $$\eta ^{(\prime )}$$ η ( ′ ) -mesons in the quark-flavor basis are mixtures of two mesonic states $$|\eta _{q}\rangle =|{\bar{u}} u+{\bar{d}} d\rangle /\sqrt{2}$$ | η q ⟩ = | u ¯ u + d ¯ d ⟩ / 2 and $$|\eta _{s}\rangle =|{\bar{s}} s\rangle .$$ | η s ⟩ = | s ¯ s ⟩ . In previous work, we have made a detailed study on the $$\eta _{s}$$ η s leading-twist distribution amplitude by using the $$D^+_s$$ D s + meson semileptonic decays. As a sequential work, in the present paper, we fix the $$\eta _q$$ η q leading-twist distribution amplitude by using the light-cone harmonic oscillator model for its wave function and by using the QCD sum rules within the QCD background field to calculate its moments. The input parameters of $$\eta _q$$ η q leading-twist distribution amplitude $$\phi _{2;\eta _q}$$ ϕ 2 ; η q at the initial scale $$\mu _0\sim 1$$ μ 0 ∼ 1 GeV are fixed by using those moments. The QCD sum rules for the $$0_{\textrm{th}}$$ 0 th -order moment can also be used to fix the magnitude of $$\eta _q$$ η q decay constant, giving $$f_{\eta _q}=0.141\pm 0.005$$ f η q = 0.141 ± 0.005 GeV. As an application of $$\phi _{2;\eta _q},$$ ϕ 2 ; η q , we calculate the transition form factors $$B(D)^+ \rightarrow \eta ^{(\prime )}$$ B ( D ) + → η ( ′ ) by using the QCD light-cone sum rules up to twist-4 accuracy and by including the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the leading-twist part, and then fix the related CKM matrix element and the decay width for the semi-leptonic decays $$B(D)^+ \rightarrow \eta ^{(\prime )}\ell ^+ \nu _\ell .$$ B ( D ) + → η ( ′ ) ℓ + ν ℓ .

Brown-rot fungi are an important group of wood-decaying fungi, but there has been limited research on the species diversity of brown-rot fungi in Xinjiang, China. During an investigation of brown-rot fungi in Xinjiang, from July 2018 to July 2023, five new species belonging to the family Postiaceae were discovered based on morphological and molecular evidence. Amaropostia altaiensis is characterized by a conchate pileus, circular pores (5–8 per mm), and growing on Populus. Amaropostia tianshanensis is characterized by a flabelliform-to-conchate pileus, angular pores (5–6 per mm), and growing on Picfea. Cyanosporus latisporus is characterized by a hirsute and dark greyish blue pileal surface with fresh, larger pores (3–6 per mm) and broad basidiospores (4.3–5.9 × 1.4–2 µm). Cyanosporus tianshanensis is characterized by a smooth and white-to-cream pileal surface with fresh, smaller pores (6–9 per mm). Osteina altaiensis is characterized by a light mouse-grey-to-honey-yellow pileal surface, smaller pores (4–6 per mm), and slightly wide basidiospores (5–6 × 1.7–2.2 µm). Each of these five new species form independent lineages in phylogenetic analyses based on the seven gene loci (ITS + nLSU + nSSU + mtSSU + TEF1 + RPB1 + RPB2). This research enriches the diversity of brown-rot fungi species, while also demonstrating the substantial discovery potential and research value of brown-rot fungi in Xinjiang.

High-purity copper is essential for fabricating advanced microelectronic devices, particularly integrated circuit interconnects. As the industry increasingly emphasizes scalable and efficient purification methods, this study investigates the multi-physics interactions during the semi-continuous directional solidification process, utilizing a Cu-1 wt.%Ag model alloy. Coupled simulation calculations examine the spatial distribution patterns of the impurity element silver (Ag) within semi-continuously solidified ingots under varying pulling rates and melt temperatures. The objective is to provide technical insights into the utilization of the semi-continuous directional solidification method for high-purity copper purification. The findings reveal that increasing the pulling rate and melt temperature leads to a downward shift in the solid–liquid interface relative to the mold top during processing. Alongside the primary clockwise vortex flow, a secondary weak vortex emerges near the solid–liquid interface, facilitating the migration of the impurity element Ag toward the central axis and amplifying radial impurity fluctuations. Furthermore, diverse pulling rates and melt temperature conditions unveil a consistent trend along the ingot’s height, which is characterized by an initial increase in average Ag content, followed by stabilization and then a rapid ascent during the late stage of solidification, with higher pulling rates and melt temperatures expediting this rapid ascent. Leveraging these insights, a validation experiment using 4N-grade recycled copper in a small-scale setup demonstrates the effectiveness of the semi-continuous directional solidification process for high-purity copper production, with copper samples extracted at 1/4 and 3/4 ingot heights achieving a 5N purity level of 99.9994 wt.% and 99.9993 wt.%, respectively.

Abstract Background and Aims Distinguishing pancreatic cancer from nonneoplastic masses is critical and remains a clinical challenge. The study aims to construct a deep learning‐based artificial intelligence system to facilitate pancreatic mass diagnosis, and to guide EUS‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) in real time. Methods This is a prospective study. The CH‐EUS MASTER system is composed of Model 1 (real‐time capture and segmentation) and Model 2 (benign and malignant identification). It was developed using deep convolutional neural networks and Random Forest algorithm. Patients with pancreatic masses undergoing CH‐EUS examinations followed by EUS‐FNA were recruited. All patients underwent CH‐EUS and were diagnosed both by endoscopists and CH‐EUS MASTER. After diagnosis, they were randomly assigned to undergo EUS‐FNA with or without CH‐EUS MASTER guidance. Results Compared with manual labeling by experts, the average overlap rate of Model 1 was 0.708. In the independent CH‐EUS video testing set, Model 2 generated an accuracy of 88.9% in identifying malignant tumors. In clinical trial, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for diagnosing pancreatic masses by CH‐EUS MASTER were significantly better than that of endoscopists. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were respectively 93.8%, 90.9%, 100%, 100%, and 83.3% by CH‐EUS MASTER guided EUS‐FNA, and were not significantly different compared to the control group. CH‐EUS MASTER‐guided EUS‐FNA significantly improved the first‐pass diagnostic yield. Conclusion CH‐EUS MASTER is a promising artificial intelligence system diagnosing malignant and benign pancreatic masses and may guide FNA in real time. Trial registration number: NCT04607720.

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a complex and heterogeneous manifestation of multiple cardiovascular diseases that usually occurs in the advanced stages of disease progression. The role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the pathogenesis of HF remains to be explored.Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was employed to investigate general and single-cell transcriptome sequencing data downloaded from the GEO datasets. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with NETs in HF patients and healthy controls were identified using transcriptome sequencing datasets and were subsequently subjected to functional enrichment analysis. To identify potential diagnostic biomarkers, the random forest algorithm (RF) and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were applied, followed by the construction of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to assess accuracy. Additionally, single-cell transcriptome sequencing data analysis identified key immune cell subpopulations in TAC (transverse aortic constriction) mice potentially involved in NETs regulation. Cell-cell communication analysis and trajectory analysis was then performed on these key cell subpopulations.Results: We identified thirteen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with NET through differential analysis of transcriptome sequencing data from HF (heart failure) samples. Utilizing the Random Forest and Lasso algorithms, along with experimental validation, we successfully pinpointed four diagnostic markers (CXCR2, FCGR3B, VNN3, and FPR2) capable of predicting HF risk. Furthermore, our analysis of intercellular communication, leveraging single-cell sequencing data, highlighted macrophages and T cells as the immune cell subpopulations with the closest interactions with neutrophils. Pseudo-trajectory analysis sheds light on the differentiation states of distinct neutrophil subpopulations.Conclusion: In this study, we conducted an in-depth investigation into the functions of neutrophil subpopulations that infiltrate cardiac tissue in TAC mice. Additionally, we identified four biomarkers (CXCR2, FCGR3B, VNN3, and FPR2) associated with NETs in HF. Our findings enhance the understanding of immunology in HF.

Abstract Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an enteric coronavirus, has become the major causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in piglets since 2010 in China. Results In the current study, 91 complete spike (S) gene sequences were obtained from PEDV positive samples collected from 17 provinces in China from March 2020 to March 2021. A phylogenetic analysis showed that 92.3% (84 out of 91) of the identified strains belonged to GII subtype, while 7.7% (7 out of 91) were categorized as S-INDEL like strains and grouped within GI-c clade. Based on a recombination analysis, six of S-INDEL like strains were recombinant strains originated from S-INDEL strain FR/001/2014 and virulent strain AJ1102. In addition, PEDV variant strains (CH/GDMM/202012, CH/GXDX/202010 et al) carrying novel insertions (360QGRKS364 and 1278VDVF1281) in the S protein were observed. Furthermore, the deduced amino acid sequences for the S protein showed that multiple amino acid substitutions in the antigenic epitopes in comparison with the vaccine strains. Conclusions In conclusion, these data provide novel molecular evidence on the epidemiology and molecular diversity of PEDV in 2020–2021. This information may help design a strategy for controlling and preventing the prevalence of PEDV variant strains in China.

Practical implementation of Mn–Fe–P–Si alloys requires not only excellent magnetocaloric but also mechanical properties. Although these properties can be improved by droplet melting process, the effect of heat treatment on droplets has not been clarified. An investigation has been carried out on the microstructure and magnetocaloric properties of Mn1.20Fe0.75P0.45Si0.55 droplets annealed at different conditions. Experimental results show that the as-cast sample is composed of Fe2P and (Mn,Fe)3Si phases. Tuning the annealing condition leads to fluctuations in Fe2P phase fraction and compositions, thereby affecting the magnetocaloric properties. Increasing the annealing temperature from 1273 to 1373 K, Curie temperature (TC) increases from 204.0 to 277.0 K, thermal hysteresis (ΔThys) reduces from 2.5 to 0.5 K, and isothermal entropy change (ΔSm) doubles to 18.5 J/(kg·K) under a 5 T field. The increase in annealing time leads to the 34.0% increase in TC to 301.5 K, the 66.7% decrease in ΔThys to 1.0 K, but the slight decrease in ΔSm to 11.9 J/(kg·K) at an annealing time of 8 h. The larger relative cooling power (RCP) at higher temperatures and longer times are related to the increase in the Fe2P fraction. Moreover, optimizing the heat treatment condition to 1373 K and 4 h makes the alloy lay at the ideal border of the first-order and second-order magnetic transition, thus obtaining high ΔSm (18.5 J/(kg·K)), large RCP (508.8 J/kg), and extremely low ΔThys (0.5 K) around room temperature. Consequently, this optimal processing produces a competitive candidate for near room temperature magnetic refrigeration.

Electric vehicle (EV) users’ driving requirement is restricted by the long charging period and high cost. In this paper, a hierarchical transactive power exchange method on expressways is proposed to eliminate range anxiety faced by EV users and further reduce their cost. When EVs are driven on expressways, battery swapping is considered the suitable power exchange mode due to high efficiency and adjustability. EVs are scheduled to supplement energy in battery swapping stations (BSSs) according to the remaining energy and battery swapping cost. Then, the power exchange among batteries and the power grid in BSSs is optimized for reducing the operation cost. In the optimization process, battery-to-battery and battery-to-grid modes are considered for reducing the power cost in the high electric price period. Some EVs release battery energy in designated BSSs and supplement energy in other BSSs. It reduces fast charging power of the battery and operation costs in designated BSSs. Several case studies are presented to validate the effectiveness and economy of the proposed method.

Operation in the quiescent regime with abundant trapped energetic electrons (EEs) has been achieved during the current flattop in EAST low-density Ohmic plasmas. This was facilitated by increasing the electron density to a specified level and subsequently reducing it slowly, resulting in the accumulation of a sufficient number of trapped EEs within the energy range of 150–250 keV. During the phase of decreasing electron density, toroidal Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs) were observed to be excited by these EEs, with frequencies falling within the range of about 100–300 kHz. The experimental parameters were carefully set to satisfy the resonance conditions for TAE excitation by EEs, aligning well with predictions from ideal MHD theory. Statistical analysis indicated different density dependencies between the frequencies of TAEs and the Alfvén frequencies, due to their different radial excitation positions. The radial positions of the TAEs were found to be influenced by the energy distribution and the evolution of trapped EEs, which in turn were affected by the decay rate of electron density and loop voltage. Measurements of Hard x-rays confirmed an energy distribution characterized by a ‘bump-on-tail’ shape, with the TAEs observed near the energy bump. Theoretical considerations also demonstrate the possibility that the e-TAE can be driven unstable under this experiment condition even if the mode does not rotate in the electron-diamagnetic drift direction.

The J-TEXT capability is enhanced compared to two years ago with several upgrades of its diagnostics and the increase of electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) power to 1 MW. With the application of electron cyclotron wave (ECW), the ECW assisted plasma startup is achieved; the tearing mode is suppressed; the toroidal injection of 300 kW ECW drives around 24 kA current; fast electrons are generated with toroidal injected ECW and the runaway current conversion efficiency increases with ECRH power. The mode coupling between 2/1 and 3/1 modes are extensively studied. The coupled 2/1 and 3/1 modes usually lead to major disruption. Their coupling can be either suppressed or avoided by external resonant magnetic perturbation fields and hence avoids the major disruption. It is also found that the 2/1 threshold of external field is significantly reduced by a pre-excited 3/1 mode, which can be either a locked island or an external kink mode. The disruption control is studied by developing prediction methods capable of cross tokamak application and by new mitigation methods, such as the biased electrode or electromagnetic pellet injector. The high-density operation and related disruptions are studied from various aspects. Approaching the density limit, the collapse of the edge shear layer is observed and such collapse can be prevented by applying edge biasing, leading to an increased density limit. The density limit is also observed to increase, if the plasma is operated in the poloidal divertor configuration or the plasma purity is increased by increasing the pre-filled gas pressure or ECRH power during the start-up phase.

Since the last IAEA-FEC in 2021, significant progress on the development of long pulse steady state scenario and its related key physics and technologies have been achieved, including the reproducible 403 s long-pulse steady-state H-mode plasma with pure radio frequency (RF) power heating. A thousand-second time scale (∼1056 s) fully non-inductive plasma with high injected energy up to 1.73 GJ has also been achieved. The EAST operational regime of high β _P has been significantly extended ( H _98y2 > 1.3, β _P ∼ 4.0, β _N ∼ 2.4 and n _e / n _GW ∼ 1.0) using RF and neutral beam injection (NBI). The full edge localized mode suppression using the n = 4 resonant magnetic perturbations has been achieved in ITER-like standard type-I ELMy H-mode plasmas with q _95 ≈ 3.1 on EAST, extrapolating favorably to the ITER baseline scenario. The sustained large ELM control and stable partial detachment have been achieved with Ne seeding. The underlying physics of plasma-beta effect for error field penetration, where toroidal effect dominates, is disclosed by comparing the results in cylindrical theory and MARS-Q simulation in EAST. Breakdown and plasma initiation at low toroidal electric fields (

With the vigorous development of the electronics industry today, study on the recycling of electronic waste has become an important and urgent subject nowadays. However, more work should be done on purification of recycled metal, especially metallurgical approaches which are more environmentally friendly. This study proposed a continuous metallurgic purification method to remove impurities from recycled aluminum. Numerical study via multiphase modelling was conducted to evaluate and optimize the purification efficiency of this metallurgic method. Parametric study was carried to analyze the influence of mold temperature and casting speed on purification efficiency. The simulation results showed that the method has great potential for purification of recovered metals, refining the aluminum from 2 N to 3 N within three cycles. The formation mechanism of Si macrosegregation region in the outer region of the rod has been discussed in detail, which indicates the key factor of the melt flow at the solidification front. The problem of purification process purely via thermal-solutal flow was stated and traveling magnetic field was introduced to further increase the purification efficiency. In general, this work provides a verified promising continuous metallurgical purification method for impurities removal from recycled aluminum.

The main challenges in reconstruction-based anomaly detection include the breakdown of the generalization gap due to improved fitting capabilities and the overfitting problem arising from simulated defects. To overcome this, we propose a new method called PRFF-AD, which utilizes progressive reconstruction and hierarchical feature fusion. It consists of a reconstructive sub-network and a discriminative sub-network. The former achieves anomaly-free reconstruction while maintaining nominal patterns, and the latter locates defects based on pre- and post-reconstruction information. Given defective samples, we find that adopting a progressive reconstruction approach leads to higher-quality reconstructions without compromising the assumption of a generalization gap. Meanwhile, to alleviate the network’s overfitting of synthetic defects and address the issue of reconstruction errors, we fuse hierarchical features as guidance for discriminating defects. Moreover, with the help of an attention mechanism, the network achieves higher classification and localization accuracy. In addition, we construct a large dataset for packaging chips, named GTanoIC, with 1750 real non-defective samples and 470 real defective samples, and we provide their pixel-level annotations. Evaluation results demonstrate that our method outperforms other reconstruction-based methods on two challenging datasets: MVTec AD and GTanoIC.

A hybrid strategy is proposed to meet the challenge of obtaining the profile of micro gear teeth with a small modulus. Firstly, the contact probe segmentally obtained the falling flank profiles with an auxiliary lifting mechanism to avoid interference when it climbs on the rising slope. Then, the noncontact chromatic confocal displacement sensor efficiently acquired the gear peak positions to carry out the two-point error separation with the gear peak positions from the probe measurement. Finally, actual experiments were carried out to obtain the profile of a harmonic drive flexspline. Compared with the commercial ultraprecise profiler, the proposed method provides measurement results with a deviation of less than 20 μm. In conclusion, the hybrid strategy is feasible and accurate for drawing the micro gear teeth profile without any collision between the measuring probes and the measured workpiece.

Abstract In this paper, we make a detailed discussion on the $$\eta $$ η and $$\eta ^\prime $$ η ′ -meson leading-twist light-cone distribution amplitude $$\phi _{2;\eta ^{(\prime )}}(u,\mu )$$ ϕ 2 ; η ( ′ ) ( u , μ ) by using the QCD sum rules approach under the background field theory. Taking both the non-perturbative condensates up to dimension-six and the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections to the perturbative part, its first three moments $$\langle \xi ^n_{2;\eta ^{(\prime )}}\rangle |_{\mu _0} $$ ⟨ ξ 2 ; η ( ′ ) n ⟩ | μ 0 with $$n = (2, 4, 6)$$ n = ( 2 , 4 , 6 ) can be determined, where the initial scale $$\mu _0$$ μ 0 is set as the usual choice of 1 GeV. Numerically, we obtain $$\langle \xi _{2;\eta }^2\rangle |_{\mu _0} =0.231_{-0.013}^{+0.010}$$ ⟨ ξ 2 ; η 2 ⟩ | μ 0 = 0 . 231 - 0.013 + 0.010 , $$\langle \xi _{2;\eta }^4 \rangle |_{\mu _0} =0.109_{ - 0.007}^{ + 0.007}$$ ⟨ ξ 2 ; η 4 ⟩ | μ 0 = 0 . 109 - 0.007 + 0.007 , and $$\langle \xi _{2;\eta }^6 \rangle |_{\mu _0} =0.066_{-0.006}^{+0.006}$$ ⟨ ξ 2 ; η 6 ⟩ | μ 0 = 0 . 066 - 0.006 + 0.006 for $$\eta $$ η -meson, $$\langle \xi _{2;\eta '}^2\rangle |_{\mu _0} =0.211_{-0.017}^{+0.015}$$ ⟨ ξ 2 ; η ′ 2 ⟩ | μ 0 = 0 . 211 - 0.017 + 0.015 , $$\langle \xi _{2;\eta '}^4 \rangle |_{\mu _0} =0.093_{ - 0.009}^{ + 0.009}$$ ⟨ ξ 2 ; η ′ 4 ⟩ | μ 0 = 0 . 093 - 0.009 + 0.009 , and $$\langle \xi _{2;\eta '}^6 \rangle |_{\mu _0} =0.054_{-0.008}^{+0.008}$$ ⟨ ξ 2 ; η ′ 6 ⟩ | μ 0 = 0 . 054 - 0.008 + 0.008 for $$\eta '$$ η ′ -meson. Next, we calculate the $$D_s\rightarrow \eta ^{(\prime )}$$ D s → η ( ′ ) transition form factors (TFFs) $$f^{\eta ^{(\prime )}}_{+}(q^2)$$ f + η ( ′ ) ( q 2 ) within QCD light-cone sum rules approach up to NLO level. The values at large recoil region are $$f^{\eta }_+(0) = 0.476_{-0.036}^{+0.040}$$ f + η ( 0 ) = 0 . 476 - 0.036 + 0.040 and $$f^{\eta '}_+(0) = 0.544_{-0.042}^{+0.046}$$ f + η ′ ( 0 ) = 0 . 544 - 0.042 + 0.046 . After extrapolating TFFs to the allowable physical regions within the series expansion, we obtain the branching fractions of the semi-leptonic decay, i.e. $$D_s^+\rightarrow \eta ^{(\prime )}\ell ^+ \nu _\ell $$ D s + → η ( ′ ) ℓ + ν ℓ , i.e. $${{\mathcal {B}}}(D_s^+ \rightarrow \eta ^{(\prime )} e^+\nu _e)=2.346_{-0.331}^{+0.418}(0.792_{-0.118}^{+0.141})\times 10^{-2}$$ B ( D s + → η ( ′ ) e + ν e ) = 2 . 346 - 0.331 + 0.418 ( 0 . 792 - 0.118 + 0.141 ) × 10 - 2 and $${{\mathcal {B}}}(D_s^+ \rightarrow \eta ^{(\prime )} \mu ^+\nu _\mu )=2.320_{-0.327}^{+0.413}(0.773_{-0.115}^{+0.138})\times 10^{-2}$$ B ( D s + → η ( ′ ) μ + ν μ ) = 2 . 320 - 0.327 + 0.413 ( 0 . 773 - 0.115 + 0.138 ) × 10 - 2 for $$\ell = (e, \mu )$$ ℓ = ( e , μ ) channels respectively. And in addition to that, the mixing angle for $$\eta -\eta '$$ η - η ′ with $$\varphi $$ φ and ratio for the different decay channels $${{\mathcal {R}}}_{\eta '/\eta }^\ell $$ R η ′ / η ℓ are given, which show good agreement with the recent BESIII measurements.

The grain selector method is a prevailing technique in the manufacturing process of Ni-based single crystal superalloy, however, it cannot control the orientation of single crystal within an appropriate scope. In this study, a novel technique named substrate stimulating method was proposed and DD32 Ni-based single crystal superalloy was prepared. The microstructure evolution was characterized by EBSD and OM, and the temperature field and temperature gradient distribution were predicted by the finite volume method. With a substrate height of 18 mm, the proportion of grains with deviation angles less than 12° and 8° account for 100 % and 99 % at the entrance of spiral selector, compared with 80 % and 51 % by grain selector method, which makes significance sense for optimizing the orientation of single crystal casting and improving the yield of single crystal casting. The morphology and the orientation of the substrate stimulated grains, which are mainly determined by temperature gradient and melt undercooling, could be optimized by adjusting the substrate height and melt pouring temperature.

Abstract The measured branching ratio of the D meson semileptonic decay $$D \rightarrow \rho e^+ \nu _e$$ D→ρe+νe , which is based on the $$0.82~{\mathrm{fb}^{-1}}$$ 0.82fb-1 CLEO data taken at the peak of $$\psi (3770)$$ ψ(3770) resonance, disagrees with the traditional SVZ sum rules analysis by about three times. In the paper, we show that this discrepancy can be eliminated by applying the QCD light-cone sum rules (LCSR) approach to calculate the $$D\rightarrow \rho $$ D→ρ transition form factors $$A_{1,2}(q^2)$$ A1,2(q2) and $$V(q^2)$$ V(q2) . After extrapolating the LCSR predictions of these TFFs to whole $$q^2$$ q2 -region, we obtain $$1/|V_{\mathrm{cd}}|^2 \times \Gamma (D \rightarrow \rho e \nu _e) =(55.45^{+13.34}_{-9.41})\times 10^{-15}~\mathrm{GeV}$$ 1/|Vcd|2×Γ(D→ρeνe)=(55.45-9.41+13.34)×10-15GeV . Using the CKM matrix element and the $$D^0(D^+)$$ D0(D+) lifetime from the Particle Data Group, we obtain $$\mathcal{B} (D^0\rightarrow \rho ^- e^+ \nu _e) = (1.749^{+0.421}_{-0.297}\pm 0.006)\times 10^{-3}$$ B(D0→ρ-e+νe)=(1.749-0.297+0.421±0.006)×10-3 and $$\mathcal{B} (D^+ \rightarrow \rho ^0 e^+ \nu _e) = (2.217^{+0.534}_{-0.376}\pm 0.015)\times 10^{-3}$$ B(D+→ρ0e+νe)=(2.217-0.376+0.534±0.015)×10-3 , which agree with the CLEO measurements within errors. We also calculate the branching ratios of the two D meson radiative processes and obtain $$\mathcal{B}(D^0\rightarrow \rho ^0 \gamma )= (1.744^{+0.598}_{-0.704})\times 10^{-5}$$ B(D0→ρ0γ)=(1.744-0.704+0.598)×10-5 and $$\mathcal{B}(D^+ \rightarrow \rho ^+ \gamma ) = (5.034^{+0.939}_{-0.958})\times 10^{-5}$$ B(D+→ρ+γ)=(5.034-0.958+0.939)×10-5 , which also agree with the Belle measurements within errors. Thus we think the LCSR approach is applicable for dealing with the D meson decays.

In type I ELMy H-mode experiment, Edge localized mode (ELM) filaments are clearly captured by the high-speed vacuum ultraviolet imaging (VUVI) system which is developed on the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. To analyze the ELM filament structures, the so-called singular value decomposition is performed on the imaging data to extract the key fluctuating components. In this work, the filament structure is characterized by the pitch angle and poloidal width. In a single ELM crash, it is found that the poloidal width increases (decreases) in the rise (decay) phase of the VUVI intensity induced by ELM crash. The pitch angle derived from the VUVI data agrees well with that calculated by the Equilibrium FITting code, indicating the filaments are aligned with the field lines. The poloidal velocity shows no obvious change during the rise and decay phases in an ELM crash. In addition, both the poloidal width and the poloidal velocity of the filament increase with the heating power. Since the filament structures are extracted from the line-integrated imaging data, all these results are obtained on the condition that the ELMs are confined to a narrow layer in the plasma.

Stray grains bring great challenges to the production of superalloy single-crystal blades using the Bridgman method. The height difference between the liquidus isotherms in the airfoil and platform, which is induced by the difference between liquidus isotherm advancing velocity and withdrawal rate, provides undercooling for the nucleation and the growth of stray grains. The height range of liquidus isotherm is used for the first time to describe the asymmetric distribution of temperature and radiation, and to estimate the probability of stray grain formation. A real-time adjustment of withdrawal rate method is proposed to design the withdrawal rate-time curve aiming to fabricate superalloy single-crystal blades with complex geometry. The obtained withdrawal rate curve is then validated by numerical simulation and hence applied to the fabrication of single-crystal blades. The simulation results show that with obtained withdrawal rate curve the distribution of radiation and temperature are significantly improved and the undercooling in the platform is largely reduced. The observed macrostructure in the experiments proves that the stray grains in the platform can be avoided through the designed withdrawal rate curve. The proposed method for designing withdrawal rate can provide a reliable strategy for the research and manufacture of stray-grain-free single-crystal blades.

This paper proposes an optimal coordinated method for electric vehicles (EVs) participating in frequency regulation (FR) under different power system operation states (PSOSs). In the proposed methodology, the FR power of EVs and generators is coordinated with different optimization objectives for power system secure and economic operations. When a power system operates in normal state, the minimum FR cost is used as an optimization objective considering the battery degradation cost. In the abnormal state, the minimum frequency restoring time is considered in the optimization objective. Based on the optimized results in different scenarios, the output power coordinated control rule between EVs and generators is drawn. Simulations on an interconnected two-area power system have validated the superiority of the proposed optimized coordinated control strategy.

Most industrial parts are instantiated from different parametric templates. The 6DoF (6D) pose estimation tasks are challenging, since some part objects from a known template may be unseen before. This paper releases a new and well-annotated 6D pose estimation dataset for multiple parametric templates in stacked scenarios donated as Multi-Parametric Dataset, where a training set (50K scenes) and a test set (2K scenes) are obtained by automatical labeling techniques. In particular, the test set is further divided into a TEST-L dataset for learning evaluation and a TEST-G dataset for generalization evaluation. Since the part objects from the same template are regarded as a class in the Multi-Parametric Dataset and the number of part objects is infinite, we propose a new 6D pose estimation network as our baseline method, Multi-templates Parametric Pose Network (MPP-Net), aiming to have sufficient generalization ability for parametric part objects in stacked scenarios. To our best knowledge, our dataset and method are the first to jointly achieve 6D pose estimation and parameter values prediction for multiple parametric templates. Many experiments are conducted on the Multi-Parametric Dataset. The mIoU and Overall Accuracy of foreground segmentation and template segmentation on the two test datasets exceed 99.0%. Besides, MPP-Net achieves 92.9% and 90.8% on mAP under the threshold of 0.5cm for translation prediction, achieves 41.9% and 36.8% under the threshold of 5∘ for rotation prediction, and achieves 51.0% and 6.0% under the threshold of 5% for parameter values prediction, on the two test set, respectively. The results have shown that our dataset has exploratory value for 6D pose estimation and parameter values prediction tasks.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main microbial fermentation products from dietary fibers in the colon, and it has been speculated that they play a key role in keeping healthy in the whole-body. However, differences in SCFAs concentration in the serum and colon samples had attracted little attention. In this study, we have optimized the extract and analysis methods for the determination of ten SCFAs in both serum and colon content samples. Methanol and acetonitrile were chosen for extraction of SCFAs from serum and colon content samples, respectively. Biological samples were collected from Alzheimer’s disease rats treated by extract of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill (SC-extract) were taken as research objects. The results showed that, the relative peak intensities of SCFAs in the colon content from all groups were quite similar, and the trend was identical in the serum samples. Compared with the values in humans, the ratio of ten SCFAs in rat’s colon was similar, while the percent of acetate in rat’s serum was significantly higher. For therapy of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), SC-extract decreased the concentration of butyrate, 3-Methyvalerate, and caproate in the serum samples towards the trend of normal rats. This study may help our understanding of how SCFAs are transported across colonic epithelium in healthy and diseased organisms.

In this paper, we make a detailed study of the D→V helicity form factors (HFFs) within the framework of the QCD light-cone sum rule (LCSR) up to twist-4 accuracy. After extrapolating the LCSR predictions of HFFs to the whole physical q^{2} region, we get the longitudinal, transverse, and total |V_{cq}|-independent decay widths of semileptonic decay D→Vℓ^{+}ν_{ℓ}. Meanwhile, the branching fractions of these decays are also obtained by using the D^{0}(D^{+})-meson lifetime, which agrees well with the BESIII results within the error bars. As a further step, we also investigate the differential and mean predictions for charged lepton (vector meson) polarization in the final state P_{L,T}^{ℓ} (F_{L,T}^{ℓ}), the forward-backward asymmetry A_{FB}^{ℓ}, and the lepton-side convexity parameters C_{F}^{ℓ}. Our predictions are consistent with covariant confining quark model results within errors. Thus, we think the LCSR approach for HFFs is applicable for dealing with the D-meson semileptonic decays.

Flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices can effectively optimize the distribution of power flow. Power flow entropy can be applied as a measure of load distribution. In this paper, a method is proposed to optimize the distribution of power flow with the coordination of multi-type FACTS devices and establishes the corresponding mathematical models. The modified group searcher optimization (GSO) algorithm is proposed, in which the angle search is combined with chaotic search model to avoid jumping into local optimization. Compared with the different optimal allocation of multi-FACTS devices, the optimal allocation of multi-FACTS devices is achieved under the economic constraints. The locations obtained by this method can achieve the purpose of balancing power flow and enhancing the system performances. The simulations are demonstrated in an IEEE 118-bus power system with two classical types of FACTS, namely static var compensator (SVC) and thyristor controlled series Compensator (TCSC). The simulation results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective.