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5. Altered energy partitioning across terrestrial ecosystems in the European drought year 2018

Author

Graf, Alexander, Klosterhalfen, Anne, Arriga, Nicola, Bernhofer, Christian, Bogena, Heye, Bornet, Frédéric, Brüggemann, Nicolas, Brümmer, Christian, Buchmann, Nina, Chi, Jinshu, Chipeaux, Christophe, Cremonese, Edoardo, Cuntz, Matthias, Dušek, Jiří, El-Madany, Tarek S., Fares, Silvano, Fischer, Milan, Foltýnová, Lenka, Gharun, Mana, Ghiasi, Shiva, Gielen, Bert, Gottschalk, Pia, Grünwald, Thomas, Heinemann, Günther, Heinesch, Bernard, Heliasz, Michal, Holst, Jutta, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Ibrom, Andreas, Ingwersen, Joachim, Jurasinski, Gerald, Klatt, Janina, Knohl, Alexander, Koebsch, Franziska, Konopka, Jan, Korkiakoski, Mika, Kowalska, Natalia, Kremer, Pascal, Kruijt, Bart, Lafont, Sebastien, Léonard, Joël, De Ligne, Anne, Longdoz, Bernard, Loustau, Denis, Magliulo, Vincenzo, Mammarella, Ivan, Manca, Giovanni, Mauder, Matthias, Migliavacca, Mirco, Mölder, Meelis, Neirynck, Johan, Ney, Patrizia, Nilsson, Mats, Paul-Limoges, Eugénie, Peichl, Matthias, Pitacco, Andrea, Poyda, Arne, Rebmann, Corinna, Roland, Marilyn, Sachs, Torsten, Schmidt, Marius, Schrader, Frederik, Siebicke, Lukas, Šigut, Ladislav, Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina, Varlagin, Andrej, Vendrame, Nadia, Vincke, Caroline, Völksch, Ingo, Weber, Stephan, Wille, Christian, Wizemann, Hans-Dieter, Zeeman, Matthias, and Vereecken, Harry

Published
2020

7. Both yields of maize and soybean and soil carbon sequestration in typical Mollisols cropland decrease under future climate change: SPACSYS simulation.

Author

Shuo Liang, Nan Sun, Longdoz, Bernard, Meersmans, Jeroen, Xingzhu Ma, Hongjun Gao, Xubo Zhang, Lei Qiao, Colinet, Gilles, Minggang Xu, and Lianhai Wu

Subjects
MOLLISOLS, CROP yields, CARBON sequestration, CLIMATE change, CARBON in soils, SOIL classification, GRAPHICAL projection
Abstract

Although Mollisols are renowned for their fertility and high-productivity, high carbon (C) losses pose a substantial challenge to the sustainable provision of ecosystem services, including food security and climate regulation. Protecting these soils with a specific focus on revitalizing their C sequestration potential emerges as a crucial measure to address various threats associated with climate change. In this study, we employed a modeling approach to assess the impact of different fertilization strategies on crop yield, soil organic carbon (SOC) stock, and C sequestration efficiency (CSE) under various climate change scenarios (baseline, RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5). The process-based SPACSYS model was calibrated and validated using data from two representative Mollisol longterm experiments in Northeast China, including three crops (wheat, maize and soyabean) and four fertilizations (no-fertilizer (CK), mineral nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), manure only (M), and chemical fertilizers plus M (NPKM or NM)). SPACSYS effectively simulated crop yields and the dynamics of SOC stock. According to SPACSYS projections, climate change, especially the increased temperature, is anticipated to reduce maize yield by an average of 14.5% in Harbin and 13.3% in Gongzhuling, and soybean yield by an average of 10.6%, across all the treatments and climatic scenarios. Conversely, a slight but not statistically significant average yield increase of 2.5% was predicted for spring wheat. SOC stock showed a decrease of 8.2% for Harbin and 7.6% for Gonghzuling by 2,100 under the RCP scenarios. Future climates also led to a reduction in CSE by an average of 6.0% in Harbin (except NPK) and 13.4% in Gongzhuling. In addition, the higher average crop yields, annual SOC stocks, and annual CSE (10.15-15.16%) were found when manure amendments were performed under all climate scenarios compared with the chemical fertilization. Soil CSE displayed an exponential decrease with the C accumulated input, asymptotically approaching a constant. Importantly, the CSE asymptote associated with manure application was higher than that of other treatments. Our findings emphasize the consequences of climate change on crop yields, SOC stock, and CSE in the Mollisol regions, identifying manure application as a targeted fertilizer practice for effective climate change mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Assessing belowground carbon storage after converting a temperate permanent grassland into a bamboo (Phyllostachys) plantation.

Author

Kovacs, Nicolas, Colinet, Gilles, Longdoz, Bernard, Dincher, Marie, Vancampenhout, Karen, Purwanto, Benito Heru, Oprins, Jan, Peeters, Marc, and Meersmans, Jeroen

Subjects
PHYLLOSTACHYS, GRASSLANDS, BAMBOO, CLIMATE change mitigation, PLATEAUS, FOREST litter, CLIMATE change
Abstract

Bamboo (Phyllostachys sp.) is considered a sustainable resource that can replace fossil fuel‐based products. Its additional ability to sequester organic carbon in the soil (SOC) makes it a promising nature‐based solution for combating climate change. However, bamboo's soil C storage potential may vary considerably between species or growing conditions and needs to be better quantified, especially in temperate climates where data are lacking. In the present research, the SOC dynamics of plots converted from grassland to plantations of three bamboo species (i.e. Phyllostachys nigra, Phyllostachys aurea and Phyllostachys aureosulcata), planted 12 years ago on podzol (World Reference Base classification) in the Belgian Campine region, have been studied. Soil and root samples were taken until a depth of 40 cm using a 10 cm interval. Besides, the total belowground C stability (mgCO2‐C g−1 C h−1) was assessed by measuring during 3 months the carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux relative to the belowground C stock. Based on an equivalent soil mass, only P. aureosulcata, the species with the highest culm basal area, had a significant (p <.001) SOC increase of 5.0 kg C m−2 (relative increase of +94%) as compared with grassland. Considering the sum of C stocks in the soil, roots and leaf litter, all bamboo species showed significant (p <.001) C storage, i.e. +3.6 kg C m−2 (+64%), +5.3 kg C m−2 (+94%) and +8.6 kg C m−2 (+151%) for P. nigra, P. aurea and P. aureosulcata, respectively. In addition, bamboo's relative basal CO2 efflux (0.007, 0.006 and 0.008 mgCO2‐C g−1 C h−1, respectively) was remarkably lower than in the grassland (0.012 mgCO2‐C g−1 C h−1), though it was only significant for P. aurea. This study highlights that converting temperate permanent grassland into Phyllostachys bamboo plantation can result in net and rapid organic C storage by increasing the total belowground C stability and C input. Further research regarding the net CO2 balance of bamboo‐derived products is still required to fully assess its climate change mitigation potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Towards more predictive and interdisciplinary climate change ecosystem experiments

Author

Rineau, Francois, Malina, Robert, Beenaerts, Natalie, Arnauts, Natascha, Bardgett, Richard D., Berg, Matty P., Boerema, Annelies, Bruckers, Liesbeth, Clerinx, Jan, Davin, Edouard L., De Boeck, Hans J., De Dobbelaer, Tom, Dondini, Marta, De Laender, Frederik, Ellers, Jacintha, Franken, Oscar, Gilbert, Lucy, Gudmundsson, Lukas, Janssens, Ivan A., Johnson, David, Lizin, Sebastien, Longdoz, Bernard, Meire, Patrick, Meremans, Dominique, Milbau, Ann, Moretti, Michele, Nijs, Ivan, Nobel, Anne, Pop, Iuliu Sorin, Puetz, Thomas, Reyns, Wouter, Roy, Jacques, Schuetz, Jochen, Seneviratne, Sonia I., Smith, Pete, Solmi, Francesca, Staes, Jan, Thiery, Wim, Thijs, Sofie, Vanderkelen, Inne, Van Landuyt, Wouter, Verbruggen, Erik, Witters, Nele, Zscheischler, Jakob, and Vangronsveld, Jaco

Published
2019
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25. Influence of spring and autumn phenological transitions on forest ecosystem productivity

Author

Richardson, Andrew D., Black, T. Andy, Ciais, Philippe, Delbart, Nicolas, Friedl, Mark A., Gobron, Nadine, Hollinger, David Y., Kutsch, Werner L., Longdoz, Bernard, Luyssaert, Sebastiaan, Migliavacca, Mirco, Montagnani, Leonardo, Munger, J. William, Moors, Eddy, Piao, Shilong, Rebmann, Corinna, Reichstein, Markus, Saigusa, Nobuko, Tomelleri, Enrico, Vargas, Rodrigo, and Varlagin, Andrej

Published
2010

29. Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science

Author

Roy, Jacques, Rineau, François, De Boeck, Hans J, Nijs, Ivan, Pütz, Thomas, Abiven, Samuel, Arnone, John A, Barton, Craig V M, Beenaerts, Natalie, Brüggemann, Nicolas, Dainese, Matteo, Domisch, Timo, Eisenhauer, Nico, Garré, Sarah, Gebler, Alban, Ghirardo, Andrea, Jasoni, Richard L, Kowalchuk, George, Landais, Damien, Larsen, Stuart H, Leemans, Vincent, Le Galliard, Jean‐François, Longdoz, Bernard, Massol, Florent, Mikkelsen, Teis N, Niedrist, Georg, Piel, Clément, Ravel, Olivier, Sauze, Joana, Schmidt, Anja, et al, University of Zurich, and Roy, Jacques

Subjects
2300 General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, 10122 Institute of Geography, Ecology, 2304 Environmental Chemistry, 2306 Global and Planetary Change, Environmental Chemistry, 910 Geography & travel, 2303 Ecology, General Environmental Science
Published
2021
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35. Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science

Author

Roy, Jacques, primary, Rineau, François, additional, De Boeck, Hans J., additional, Nijs, Ivan, additional, Pütz, Thomas, additional, Abiven, Samuel, additional, Arnone, John A., additional, Barton, Craig V. M., additional, Beenaerts, Natalie, additional, Brüggemann, Nicolas, additional, Dainese, Matteo, additional, Domisch, Timo, additional, Eisenhauer, Nico, additional, Garré, Sarah, additional, Gebler, Alban, additional, Ghirardo, Andrea, additional, Jasoni, Richard L., additional, Kowalchuk, George, additional, Landais, Damien, additional, Larsen, Stuart H., additional, Leemans, Vincent, additional, Le Galliard, Jean‐François, additional, Longdoz, Bernard, additional, Massol, Florent, additional, Mikkelsen, Teis N., additional, Niedrist, Georg, additional, Piel, Clément, additional, Ravel, Olivier, additional, Sauze, Joana, additional, Schmidt, Anja, additional, Schnitzler, Jörg‐Peter, additional, Teixeira, Leonardo H., additional, Tjoelker, Mark G., additional, Weisser, Wolfgang W., additional, Winkler, Barbro, additional, and Milcu, Alexandru, additional

Published
2021
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36. Energy, water and carbon exchanges in managed forest ecosystems: description, sensitivity analysis and evaluation of the INRAE GO+ model, version 3.0

Author

Moreaux, Virginie, primary, Martel, Simon, additional, Bosc, Alexandre, additional, Picart, Delphine, additional, Achat, David, additional, Moisy, Christophe, additional, Aussenac, Raphael, additional, Chipeaux, Christophe, additional, Bonnefond, Jean-Marc, additional, Figuères, Soisick, additional, Trichet, Pierre, additional, Vezy, Rémi, additional, Badeau, Vincent, additional, Longdoz, Bernard, additional, Granier, André, additional, Roupsard, Olivier, additional, Nicolas, Manuel, additional, Pilegaard, Kim, additional, Matteucci, Giorgio, additional, Jolivet, Claudy, additional, Black, Andrew T., additional, Picard, Olivier, additional, and Loustau, Denis, additional

Published
2020
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37. Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 2 : Untangling climatic, edaphic, management and nitrogen deposition effects on carbon sequestration potentials

Author

Sutton, Mark A., Flechard, Chris R., Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., De Vries, Wim, Ibrom, Andreas, Buchmann, Nina, DIse, Nancy B., Janssens, Ivan A., Neirynck, Johan, Montagnani, Leonardo, Varlagin, Andrej, Loustau, Denis, Legout, Arnaud, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Aubinet, Marc, Aurela, Mika, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Drewer, Julia, Eugster, Werner, Francez, Andre Jean, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kitzler, Barbara, Kutsch, Werner L., Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Matteucci, Giorgio, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Olejnik, Janusz, Sanz, Maria J., Siemens, Jan, Vesala, Timo, Vincke, Caroline, Nemitz, Eiko, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Skiba, Ute M., Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, and Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences)

Subjects
4112 Forestry, WIMEK, NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE, ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION, TEMPERATE, respiratory system, complex mixtures, respiratory tract diseases, TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, DRY DEPOSITION, Environmental Systems Analysis, RESPIRATION, Milieusysteemanalyse, SOIL SOLUTION CHEMISTRY, BOREAL FORESTS, Life Science, REACTIVE NITROGEN, CYCLE, 1172 Environmental sciences
Abstract

The effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition (N-dep) on carbon (C) sequestration in forests have often been assessed by relating differences in productivity to spatial variations of N-dep across a large geographic domain. These correlations generally suffer from covariation of other confounding variables related to climate and other growth-limiting factors, as well as large uncertainties in total (dry + wet) reactive nitrogen (N-r) deposition. We propose a methodology for untangling the effects of N-dep from those of meteorological variables, soil water retention capacity and stand age, using a mechanistic forest growth model in combination with eddy covariance CO2 exchange fluxes from a Europe-wide network of 22 forest flux towers. Total N-r deposition rates were estimated from local measurements as far as possible. The forest data were compared with data from natural or semi-natural, non-woody vegetation sites. The response of forest net ecosystem productivity to nitrogen deposition (dNEP/dN(dep)) was estimated after accounting for the effects on gross primary productivity (GPP) of the co-correlates by means of a meta-modelling standardization procedure, which resulted in a reduction by a factor of about 2 of the uncorrected, apparent dGPP/dN(dep) value. This model-enhanced analysis of the C and N-dep flux observations at the scale of the European network suggests a mean overall dNEP/dN(dep) response of forest lifetime C sequestration to N-dep of the order of 40-50 g C per g N, which is slightly larger but not significantly different from the range of estimates published in the most recent reviews. Importantly, patterns of gross primary and net ecosystem productivity versus N-dep were non-linear, with no further growth responses at high N-dep levels (N-dep > 2.5-3 gNm(-2) yr(-1)) but accompanied by increasingly large ecosystem N losses by leaching and gaseous emissions. The reduced increase in productivity per unit N deposited at high N-dep levels implies that the forecast increased N-r emissions and increased N-dep levels in large areas of Asia may not positively impact the continent's forest CO2 sink. The large level of unexplained variability in observed carbon sequestration efficiency (CSE) across sites further adds to the uncertainty in the dC/dN response.

Published
2020

38. Proofs of non-stomatal limitations of potato photosynthesis during drought by using in-situ eddy covariance data

Author

Heinesch Bernard, Quentin Beauclaire, Longdoz Bernard, and Louis Gourlez de la Motte

Subjects
In situ, Eddy covariance, Photosynthesis, Atmospheric sciences, Mathematics
Abstract

Water stress in one of the main limiting factors in agro-systems, causing a reduction in gross primary production (GPP) and by extend, yields. However, it is still unclear to attribute whether the limitations of photosynthesis originate from a strict stomatal control (SOL) or from other non-stomatal limitations (NSOL). In this study, we investigated the effects of drought on potato crop by using eddy covariance data at the Lonzée Terrestrial Observatory during three consecutive cultivation periods (2010, 2014 and 2018). Regardless the years and the timing of the drought appearance, the maximum carboxylation rate Vcmax (one of the NSOL) was reduced with decreasing REW, while the stomatal sensitivity to GPP parameter in the Medlyn et al. model (G1-SOL) remained constant. We showed that below the REW threshold of 0.55 ± 0.05, the non-consideration of NSOL in the ecosystem CO2 model led to an overestimation of the modelled GPP, which was about three times higher than its unstressed corresponding value. As a result, decreasing Vcmax while maintaining G1 constant was sufficient to reproduce GPP and canopy conductance dynamics during drought. At a sub-daily scale, the intrinsic water-use efficiency did not vary during drought, neither its dependence on VPD nor its hourly dynamics. This reinforced the hypothesis of direct and feedback effects of NSOL on canopy conductance and photosynthesis, which was supported by the uniform coupling between carbon and water fluxes. We recommend the implementation of NSOL in ecosystem CO2 models since non-stomatal factors were responsible for the decrease in potato crop GPP during drought.

Published
2020

39. TADA, a mechanistic model for carbon, nitrogen and water cycle in cropland and grassland ecosystems

Author

Delhez, Laura, Dumont, Clément, Vandewattyne, Félix, Longdoz, Bernard, Université de Liège - Gembloux, and Pradal, Christophe

Subjects
winter wheat crop, Mechanistic modelling, [INFO.INFO-MO] Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, grassland, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation
Abstract

International audience; A process-based model which simulates carbon, nitrogen and water cycle at a plot scale has been recently developed at Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech. Adapted to different agroecosystems, this model is mainly oriented towards the estimation of greenhouse gas exchanges. The model, named TADA (Terrestrial Agroecosystems Dynamics Analysis), is based on the mechanistic 1D model ASPECTS developed for forests and was adapted to cropland and grassland ecosystems by including specific phenology, allocation scheme, management and grazing modules proposed in literature. Some processes simulated in TADA (such as photosynthesis, soil evaporation, nitrification, etc.) were calibrated against a large dataset obtained on two Walloon ICOS (or ICOS candidate) flux tower sites: a winter wheat crop which is part of a 4-year crop rotation at Lonzee and an intensively grazed grassland at Dorinne. The model will be presented and the improvements that could be made to improve the processes description will be highlighted, together with the measurements needed for a better calibration of these processes, as this is a long-term project. Figure 1: Diagram of the reservoirs simulated by the TADA model.

Published
2020

40. Energy, water and carbon exchanges in managed forest ecosystems: description, sensitivity analysis and evaluation of the INRAE GO+ model, version 3.0

Author

Berveiller, Daniel, Delpierre, Nicolas, Dufrêne, Eric, Joffre, Richard, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Klumpp, Katja, Darsonville, Olivier, Brut, Aurore, Tallec, Tiphaine, Ceschia, Eric, Panthou, Gérémy, Moreaux, Virginie, Martel, Simon, Bosc, Alexandre, Picart, Delphine, Achat, David, Moisy, Christophe, Aussenac, Raphael, Chipeaux, Christophe, Bonnefond, Jean-Marc, Figuères, Soisick, Trichet, Pierre, Vezy, Rémi, Badeau, Vincent, Longdoz, Bernard, Granier, André, Roupsard, Olivier, Nicolas, Manuel, Pilegaard, Kim, Matteucci, Giorgio, Jolivet, Claudy, Black, Andrew, Picard, Olivier, Loustau, Denis, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Abeilles, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

International audience; Abstract. The mechanistic model GO+ describes the functioning and growth of managed forests based upon biophysical and biogeochemical processes. The biophysical and biogeochemical processes included are modelled using standard formulations of radiative transfer, convective heat exchange, evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, respiration, plant phenology, growth and mortality, biomass nutrient content, and soil carbon dynamics. The forest ecosystem is modelled as three layers, namely the tree overstorey, understorey and soil. The vegetation layers include stems, branches and foliage and are partitioned dynamically between sunlit and shaded fractions. The soil carbon submodel is an adaption of the Roth-C model to simulate the impact of forest operations. The model runs at an hourly time step. It represents a forest stand covering typically 1 ha and can be straightforwardly upscaled across gridded data at regional, country or continental levels. GO+ accounts for both the immediate and long-term impacts of forest operations on energy, water and carbon exchanges within the soil–vegetation–atmosphere continuum. It includes exhaustive and versatile descriptions of management operations (soil preparation, regeneration, vegetation control, selective thinning, clear-cutting, coppicing, etc.), thus permitting the effects of a wide variety of forest management strategies to be estimated: from close to nature to intensive. This paper examines the sensitivity of the model to its main parameters and estimates how errors in parameter values are propagated into the predicted values of its main output variables.The sensitivity analysis demonstrates an interaction between the sensitivity of variables, with the climate and soil hydraulic properties being dominant under dry conditions but the leaf biochemical properties being most influential with wet soil. The sensitivity profile of the model changes from short to long timescales due to the cumulative effects of the fluxes of carbon, energy and water on the stand growth and canopy structure. Apart from a few specific cases, the model simulations are close to the values of the observations of atmospheric exchanges, tree growth, and soil carbon and water stock changes monitored over Douglas fir, European beech and pine forests of different ages. We also illustrate the capacity of the GO+ model to simulate the provision of key ecosystem services, such as the long-term storage of carbon in biomass and soil under various management and climate scenarios.

Published
2020

41. Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 2: Untangling climatic, edaphic, management and nitrogen deposition effects on carbon sequestration potentials

Author

Flechard, Chris, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David, De Vries, Wim, Ibrom, Andreas, Buchmann, Nina, Dise, Nancy, Janssens, Ivan, Neirynck, Johan, Montagnani, Leonardo, Varlagin, Andrej, Loustau, Denis, Legout, Arnaud, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Aubinet, Marc, Aurela, Mika, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Drewer, Julia, Eugster, Werner, Francez, André-Jean, Juszczak, Radosław, Kitzler, Barbara, Kutsch, Werner, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Matteucci, Giorgio, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Olejnik, Janusz, Sanz, Maria, Siemens, Jan, Vesala, Timo, Vincke, Caroline, Nemitz, Eiko, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Skiba, Ute, Sutton, Mark, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), School of Communication, Charles Sturt University [Australia], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Institute of Agricultural Sciences [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Environmental & Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Servizi Forestali, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano, Agenzia per l'Ambiente, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Unité de bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agro-BioTech Gembloux, Université de Liège, Climate and Global Change Research [Helsinki], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Faculty of Environment Engineering and Spatial Management, Department of Meteorology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Institute of Plant, Animal and Agroecosystem Sciences, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Atmospheric Composition Research [Helsinki], Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Neftel Research Expertise, Department of Meteorology, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan' University of Life Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences-Poznan University of Life Sciences, INRES Bodenwissenschaften, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki], Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Bush Estate, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Institute of Soil Sciences, Vienna, University of Vienna [Vienna], Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), European Commission Joint Research Centre017841GOCE-CT-2003-505572282910, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), and University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki

Subjects
Ecology, european forests, Evolution, Physics, respiratory system, complex mixtures, Atmospheric Sciences, respiratory tract diseases, nitrogen deposition, Earth sciences, Chemistry, semi-natural vegetation, Behavior and Systematics, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, SDG 13 - Climate Action, ddc:550, carbon-nitrogen, edaphic, untangling climatic, SOIL SOLUTION CHEMISTRYNET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGEREACTIVE NITROGENTERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMSATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITIONDRY DEPOSITIONBOREAL FORESTSRESPIRATIONCYCLETEMPERATE, Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

"The effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition (N-dep) on carbon (C) sequestration in forests have often been assessed by relating differences in productivity to spatial variations of N-dep across a large geographic domain. These correlations generally suffer from covariation of other confounding variables related to climate and other growth-limiting factors, as well as large uncertainties in total (dry + wet) reactive nitrogen (N-r) deposition. We propose a methodology for untangling the effects of N-dep from those of meteorological variables, soil water retention capacity and stand age, using a mechanistic forest growth model in combination with eddy covariance CO2 exchange fluxes from a Europe-wide network of 22 forest flux towers. Total N-r deposition rates were estimated from local measurements as far as possible. The forest data were compared with data from natural or semi-natural, non-woody vegetation sites. The response of forest net ecosystem productivity to nitrogen deposition (dNEP/dN(dep)) was estimated after accounting for the effects on gross primary productivity (GPP) of the co-correlates by means of a meta-modelling standardization procedure, which resulted in a reduction by a factor of about 2 of the uncorrected, apparent dGPP/dN(dep) value. This model-enhanced analysis of the C and N-dep flux observations at the scale of the European network suggests a mean overall dNEP/dN(dep) response of forest lifetime C sequestration to N-dep of the order of 40-50 g C per g N, which is slightly larger but not significantly different from the range of estimates published in the most recent reviews. Importantly, patterns of gross primary and net ecosystem productivity versus N-dep were non-linear, with no further growth responses at high N-dep levels (N-dep > 2.5-3 gNm(-2) yr(-1)) but accompanied by increasingly large ecosystem N losses by leaching and gaseous emissions. The reduced increase in productivity per unit N deposited at high N-dep levels implies that the forecast increased N-r emissions and increased N-dep levels in large areas of Asia may not positively impact the continent's forest CO2 sink. The large level of unexplained variability in observed carbon sequestration efficiency (CSE) across sites further adds to the uncertainty in the dC/dN response." The authors gratefully acknowledge financialsupport by the European Commission through the two FP6 in-tegrated projects CarboEurope-IP (project no. GOCE-CT-2003-505572) and NitroEurope Integrated Project (project no. 017841),the FP7 ECLAIRE project (grant agreement no. 282910), and theABBA COST Action ES0804. We are also thankful for fundingfrom the French GIP-ECOFOR consortium under the F-ORE-T for-est observation and experimentation network, as well as from theMDM-2017-0714 Spanish grant. We are grateful to Janne Korho-nen, Mari Pihlatie and Dave Simpson for their comments on the pa-per. Finalization of the paper was supported by the UK Natural En-vironment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as partof the UK-SCAPE programme delivering national capability. Wealso wish to thank two anonymous referees for their constructivecriticism of the paper.

Published
2020

42. Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 1: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

Author

Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., de Vries, Wim, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., Dise, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F.J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, André-Jean, Augustin, Jürgen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radosław, Aurela, Mika, Berveiller, Daniel, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Delpierre, Nicolas, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Dufrêne, Eric, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, André, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horváth, László, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal V., Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjoerring, Jan K., Sebastià, Maria-Teresa, Tang, Y. Sim, Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, van Dijk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamás, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Nemitz, Eiko, Sutton, Mark A., Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), School of Communication, Charles Sturt University [Australia], Department of Environmental & Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), Department of Physics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Agro-BioTech Gembloux, Université de Liège, Unité de bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Servizi Forestali, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano, Agenzia per l'Ambiente, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), INRES Bodenwissenschaften, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Meteorology, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan' University of Life Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences-Poznan University of Life Sciences, Climate and Global Change Research [Helsinki], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Environment Engineering and Spatial Management, Department of Meteorology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Climate Research, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Abeilles, Institute of Plant, Animal and Agroecosystem Sciences, NERC Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Edinburgh Research Station, Earth System Science and Climate Change Group, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Agronomy Institute, Technical University of Lisbon, Atmospheric Composition Research [Helsinki], Division of Ecosystems Processes Lab. of Plants Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute, Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMU), Neftel Research Expertise, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Biosystems Division [Roskilde], Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy (Risø DTU), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)-Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Mechanical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Global Change (ECOFUN), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki], Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institute of Soil Sciences, Vienna, University of Vienna [Vienna], Bush Estate, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, GOCE-CT-2003-505572, Sixth Framework Programme, 282910, Seventh Framework Programme, European Project: 282910,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,ECLAIRE(2011), European Project: 28980,CARBOEUROPE-IP, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU)-Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), IT University of Copenhagen, University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Jonchère, Laurent, Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosystems - ECLAIRE - - EC:FP7:ENV2011-10-01 - 2015-09-30 - 282910 - VALID, ASSESSMENT OF THE EUROPEAN TERRESTRIAL CARBON BALANCE - CARBOEUROPE-IP - 28980 - OLD, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, Evolution, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, TROPICAL FORESTS, Atmospheric Sciences, DRY DEPOSITION, Behavior and Systematics, QUALITY-CONTROL, greenhouse gases, ddc:550, BOREAL FORESTS, SDG 13 - Climate Action, LONG-TERM IMPACTSEDDY-COVARIANCEREACTIVE NITROGENDRY DEPOSITIONORGANIC NITROGENTROPICAL FORESTSQUALITY-CONTROLBOREAL FORESTSOXIDE FLUXESTREE GROWTH, REACTIVE NITROGEN, Biology, Earth-Surface Processes, ecosystem, TREE GROWTH, Ecology, Physics, LONG-TERM IMPACTS, European forest, EDDY-COVARIANCE, Chemistry, Earth sciences, ORGANIC NITROGEN, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, semi-natural vegetation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, carbon-nitrogen, OXIDE FLUXES
Abstract

The impact of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition on carbon (C) sequestration in soils and biomass of unfertilized, natural, semi-natural and forest ecosystems has been much debated. Many previous results of this dC∕dN response were based on changes in carbon stocks from periodical soil and ecosystem inventories, associated with estimates of Nr deposition obtained from large-scale chemical transport models. This study and a companion paper (Flechard et al., 2020) strive to reduce uncertainties of N effects on C sequestration by linking multi-annual gross and net ecosystem productivity estimates from 40 eddy covariance flux towers across Europe to local measurement-based estimates of dry and wet Nr deposition from a dedicated collocated monitoring network. To identify possible ecological drivers and processes affecting the interplay between C and Nr inputs and losses, these data were also combined with in situ flux measurements of NO, N2O and CH4 fluxes; soil NO−3 leaching sampling; and results of soil incubation experiments for N and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as surveys of available data from online databases and from the literature, together with forest ecosystem (BASFOR) modelling. Multi-year averages of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in forests ranged from −70 to 826 g C m−2 yr−1 at total wet + dry inorganic Nr deposition rates (Ndep) of 0.3 to 4.3 g N m−2 yr−1 and from −4 to 361 g C m−2 yr−1 at Ndep rates of 0.1 to 3.1 g N m−2 yr−1 in short semi-natural vegetation (moorlands, wetlands and unfertilized extensively managed grasslands). The GHG budgets of the forests were strongly dominated by CO2 exchange, while CH4 and N2O exchange comprised a larger proportion of the GHG balance in short semi-natural vegetation. Uncertainties in elemental budgets were much larger for nitrogen than carbon, especially at sites with elevated Ndep where Nr leaching losses were also very large, and compounded by the lack of reliable data on organic nitrogen and N2 losses by denitrification. Nitrogen losses in the form of NO, N2O and especially NO−3 were on average 27 % (range 6 %–54 %) of Ndep at sites with Ndep 3 g N m−2 yr−1. Such large levels of Nr loss likely indicate that different stages of N saturation occurred at a number of sites. The joint analysis of the C and N budgets provided further hints that N saturation could be detected in altered patterns of forest growth. Net ecosystem productivity increased with Nr deposition up to 2–2.5 g N m−2 yr−1, with large scatter associated with a wide range in carbon sequestration efficiency (CSE, defined as the NEP ∕ GPP ratio). At elevated Ndep levels (> 2.5 g N m−2 yr−1), where inorganic Nr losses were also increasingly large, NEP levelled off and then decreased. The apparent increase in NEP at low to intermediate Ndep levels was partly the result of geographical cross-correlations between Ndep and climate, indicating that the actual mean dC∕dN response at individual sites was significantly lower than would be suggested by a simple, straightforward regression of NEP vs. Ndep. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support by the European Commission through the two FP6 integrated projects CarboEurope Integrated Project (project no. GOCE-CT-2003-505572) and NitroEurope Integrated Project (project no. 017841), the FP7 ECLAIRE project (grant agreement no. 282910), and the ABBA COST Action ES0804. We are also thankful for funding from the French GIP-ECOFOR consortium under the F-ORE-T forest observation and experimentation network, as well as from the MDM-2017-0714 Spanish grant. Computer time for EMEP model runs was supported by the Research Council of Norway through the NOTUR project EMEP (NN2890K). Finalization of the paper was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UKSCAPE programme delivering national capability.

Published
2020

43. Environmental control of land-atmosphere CO 2 fluxes from temperate ecosystems: a statistical approach based on homogenized time series from five land-use types

Author

Moreaux, Virginie, Longdoz, Bernard, Berveiller, Daniel, Delpierre, Nicolas, Dufrêne, Eric, Bonnefond, Jean-Marc, Chipeaux, Christophe, Joffre, Richard, Limousin, Jean-Marc, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Klumpp, Katja, Darsonville, Olivier, Brut, Aurore, Tallec, Tiphaine, Ceschia, Eric, Panthou, Gérémy, Loustau, Denis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Université de Liège, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), national agency ADEME, 'Nouvelle Aquitaine' region, Regional Spatial Observatory (OSR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, European Project: 730944,H2020,H2020-INFRADEV-2016-1,RINGO(2017), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Ecosystem respiration, Gross primary production, random forest analysis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Net CO2 ecosystem exchange, spectral analysis
Abstract

International audience; (2020) Environmental control of land-atmosphere CO 2 fluxes from temperate ecosystems: a statistical approach based on homogenized time series from five land-use types, ABSTRACT We assembled homogenized long-term time series, up to 19 years, of measurements of net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 (NEE) and its partitioning between gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (R eco) for five different ecosystems representing the main plant functional types (PFTs) in France. Part of these data was analyzed to determine the influence of the main environmental variables on carbon fluxes between temperate ecosystems and the atmosphere, and to investigate the temporal patterns of their variations. A multi-temporal statistical analysis of the time series was conducted using random forest (RF) and wavelet coherence approaches. The RF analysis showed that, in all ecosystems, the incident solar radiation was highly correlated with GPP and that GPP was better correlated with the temporal variations of NEE than R eco. The air temperature was the second most important driver in ecosystems with seasonal foliage, i.e., deciduous forest, cropland and grassland; whereas variables related to air or soil drought were prominent in evergreen forest sites. The environmental control on CO 2 fluxes was tighter at high frequency suggesting an increased resilience to environmental variations at longer time spans. The spectral analysis performed on three of the five sites selected revealed contrasting temporal patterns of the cross-coherence between CO 2 fluxes and climate variables among ecosystems; these were related to the respective PFT, management and soil conditions. In all PFTs, the power spectrum of GPP was well correlated with NEE and clearly different from R eco. The spectral correlation analysis showed that the canopy phenology and disturbance regime condition the spectral correlation patterns of GPP and R eco with the soil moisture and atmospheric vapour deficit.

Published
2020

44. Non-stomatal processes reduce gross primary productivity in temperate forest ecosystems during severe edaphic drought

Author

Gourlez de la Motte, Louis, Beauclaire Quentin, Heinesch Bernard, Cuntz Mathias, Foltýnová Lenka, Šigut Ladislav, Kowalska Natalia, Manca Giovanni, Goded Ballarin Ignacio, Vincke, Caroline, Roland Marilyn, Ibrom Andreas, Lousteau Denis, Siebicke Lukas, Longdoz Bernard, ICOS CONFERENCE, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences

Subjects
Non-stomatal processes, ICOS, edaphic drought, ecosystems, sécheresse
Abstract

Severe drought events are known to cause important reductions of gross primary productivity (GPP) in forest ecosystems. However, it is still unclear whether this reduction originates from stomatal closure (Stomatal Origin Limitation) and/or non-stomatal limitations (Non-SOL). In this study, we investigated the impact of edaphic drought in 2018 on GPP and its origin (SOL, NSOL) using a data set of 10 European forest ecosystem flux towers. In all stations where GPP reductions were observed during the drought, these were largely explained by declines in the maximum apparent canopy scale carboxylation rate VCMAX,APP (NSOL) when the soil relative extractable water content dropped below around 0.4. Concurrently, we found that the stomatal slope parameter (G1, related to SOL) of the Medlyn et al. unified optimization model linking vegetation conductance and GPP remained relatively constant. This result was unexpected as it implies that NSOL (instead of stomatal closure) was the main process limiting GPP during drought

Published
2020

45. Energy, water and carbon exchanges in managed forest ecosystems: description, sensitivity analysis and evaluation of the INRAE GO+ model, version 3.0

Author

Moreaux, Virginie, Martel, Simon, Bosc, Alexandre, Picart, Delphine, Achat, David, Moisy, Christophe, Aussenac, Raphael, Chipeaux, Christophe, Bonnefond, Jean-Marc, Figuères, Soisick, Trichet, Pierre, Vezy, Rémi, Badeau, Vincent, Longdoz, Bernard, Granier, André, Roupsard, Olivier, Nicolas, Manuel, Pilegaard, Kim, Matteucci, Giorgio, Jolivet, Claudy, Black, Andrew T., Picard, Olivier, Loustau, Denis, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Office National des Forêts (ONF), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of British Columbia (UBC), Centre National de la Propriété Forestière (CNPF), ANR-13-AGRO-0005,MACACC,Modélisation pour l'accompagnement des ACteurs, vers l'Adaptation des Couverts pérennes ou agroforestiers aux Changements globaux(2013), European Project: 730944,H2020,H2020-INFRADEV-2016-1,RINGO(2017), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Office national des forêts (ONF), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Centre National de la Propriété Forestière (CNPF-IDF), and Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )

Subjects
ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES, Aménagement forestier, STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE, water and carbon exchanges, MARITIME PINE, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, BEECH FAGUS-SYLVATICA, biogéochimie, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Développement forestier, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, SDG 13 - Climate Action, CLIMATE-CHANGE, PINUS-PINASTER AIT, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, SAP-FLOW, forest ecosystems, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, séquestration du carbone, Modélisation, Écosystème forestier, 3 ORGANIZATIONAL SCALES, accroissement forestier, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, SOIL CARBON, PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY
Abstract

The mechanistic model GO+ describes the functioning and growth of managed forests based upon biophysical and biogeochemical processes. The biophysical and biogeochemical processes included are modelled using standard formulations of radiative transfer, convective heat exchange, evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, respiration, plant phenology, growth and mortality, biomass nutrient content, and soil carbon dynamics. The forest ecosystem is modelled as three layers, namely the tree overstorey, understorey and soil. The vegetation layers include stems, branches and foliage and are partitioned dynamically between sunlit and shaded fractions. The soil carbon submodel is an adaption of the Roth-C model to simulate the impact of forest operations. The model runs at an hourly time step. It represents a forest stand covering typically 1 ha and can be straightforwardly upscaled across gridded data at regional, country or continental levels. GO+ accounts for both the immediate and long-term impacts of forest operations on energy, water and carbon exchanges within the soil–vegetation–atmosphere continuum. It includes exhaustive and versatile descriptions of management operations (soil preparation, regeneration, vegetation control, selective thinning, clear-cutting, coppicing, etc.), thus permitting the effects of a wide variety of forest management strategies to be estimated: from close to nature to intensive. This paper examines the sensitivity of the model to its main parameters and estimates how errors in parameter values are propagated into the predicted values of its main output variables.The sensitivity analysis demonstrates an interaction between the sensitivity of variables, with the climate and soil hydraulic properties being dominant under dry conditions but the leaf biochemical properties being most influential with wet soil. The sensitivity profile of the model changes from short to long timescales due to the cumulative effects of the fluxes of carbon, energy and water on the stand growth and canopy structure. Apart from a few specific cases, the model simulations are close to the values of the observations of atmospheric exchanges, tree growth, and soil carbon and water stock changes monitored over Douglas fir, European beech and pine forests of different ages. We also illustrate the capacity of the GO+ model to simulate the provision of key ecosystem services, such as the long-term storage of carbon in biomass and soil under various management and climate scenarios.

Published
2020

46. Soil data from Non-stomatal processes reduce gross primary productivity in temperate forest ecosystems during severe edaphic drought

Author

Motte, Louis Gourlez De La, Beauclaire, Quentin, Heinesch, Bernard, Cuntz, Mathias, Foltýnová, Lenka, Šigut, Ladislav, Kowalska, Natalia, Manca, Giovanni, Ballarin, Ignacio Goded, Vincke, Caroline, Roland, Marilyn, Ibrom, Andreas, Lousteau, Denis, Siebicke, Lukas, Neiryink, Johan, and Longdoz, Bernard

Abstract

Data about relative extractable warer content computations

Published
2020
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47. Carbon/nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation. Part I: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

Author

Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., de Vries, Wim, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., Dise, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F.J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, André-Jean, Augustin, Jürgen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radosław, Aurela, Mika, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, André, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horváth, László, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-Do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal V., Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjoerring, Jan K., Sebastià, Maria-Teresa, Tang, Y. Sim, Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, van Dijk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamás, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Nemitz, Eiko, and Sutton, Mark A.

Abstract

ISSN:1810-6277 ISSN:1810-6285

Published
2019

48. Carbon/nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation. Part II: Untangling climatic, edaphic, management and nitrogen deposition effects on carbon sequestration potentials

Author

Flechard, Chris R., Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., de Vries, Wim, Ibrom, Andreas, Buchmann, Nina, Dise, Nancy B., Janssens, Ivan A., Neirynck, Johan, Montagnani, Leonardo, Varlagin, Andrej, Loustau, Denis, Legout, Arnaud, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Aubinet, Marc, Aurela, Mika, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Drewer, Julia, Eugster, Werner, Francez, André-Jean, Juszczak, Radosław, Kitzler, Barbara, Kutsch, Werner L., Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Matteucci, Giorgio, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Olejnik, Janusz, Sanz, Maria J., Siemens, Jan, Vesala, Timo, Vincke, Caroline, Nemitz, Eiko, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Skiba, Ute M., and Sutton, Mark A.

Abstract

ISSN:1810-6277 ISSN:1810-6285

Published
2019

49. Non-stomatal processes reduce gross primary productivity in temperate forest ecosystems during severe edaphic drought

Author

Gourlez de la Motte, Louis, primary, Beauclaire, Quentin, additional, Heinesch, Bernard, additional, Cuntz, Mathias, additional, Foltýnová, Lenka, additional, Šigut, Ladislav, additional, Kowalska, Natalia, additional, Manca, Giovanni, additional, Ballarin, Ignacio Goded, additional, Vincke, Caroline, additional, Roland, Marilyn, additional, Ibrom, Andreas, additional, Lousteau, Denis, additional, Siebicke, Lukas, additional, Neiryink, Johan, additional, and Longdoz, Bernard, additional

Published
2020
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