26 results on '"Lopez, Alejandra M."'
Search Results
2. The effects of a nutritional packet (live yeast, vitamins C and B1, and electrolytes) offered to steers in a calf-fed system on growth performance, nutrient digestion, feeding behavior, carcass characteristics, and ruminal variables
- Author
-
Rush, Camron J, primary, Sarturi, Jhones O, additional, Huerta-Leidenz, Nelson O, additional, Woerner, Dale R, additional, Crossland, Whitney L, additional, Henry, Darren D, additional, Silva, Kaliu G S, additional, and Lopez, Alejandra M, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. PSIX-6 Ruminal Tissue Morphology of Beef Yearling Steers Offered Finishing Diets with Direct fed Microbial Mixtures
- Author
-
Lopez, Alejandra M, primary, Wilkes, Katherine, additional, Sarturi, Jhones O, additional, Henry, Darren H, additional, Johnson, Bradley J, additional, Scaranto Silva, Kaliu G, additional, Rush, Camron J, additional, Rodrigues, Barbara, additional, Peters, Sarah, additional, and Camarillo, Angela, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. 339 Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Feedlot Beef Yearling Steers Offered Finishing Diets with Direct fed Microbial Mixtures
- Author
-
Lopez, Alejandra M, primary, Sarturi, Jhones O, additional, Henry, Darren H, additional, Ciriaco, Francine M, additional, Johnson, Bradley J, additional, Woerner, Dale R, additional, Scaranto Silva, Kaliu G, additional, Nardi, Kaue Tonelli, additional, Rush, Camron J, additional, Rodrigues, Barbara, additional, Peters, Sarah, additional, Manna, Mikala Di, additional, Osorio-Doblado, Andrea M, additional, Coello, Kymberly, additional, and Quijada, Angel A, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. PSVIII-18 Nutrient Digestibility of Feedlot Beef Yearling Steers Offered Finishing Diets with Direct fed Microbial Mixtures
- Author
-
Lopez, Alejandra M, primary, Sarturi, Jhones O, additional, Henry, Darren H, additional, Ciriaco, Francine M, additional, Johnson, Bradley J, additional, Scaranto Silva, Kaliu G, additional, Nardi, Kaue Tonelli, additional, Rush, Camron J, additional, Rodrigues, Barbara, additional, Peters, Sarah, additional, and Manna, Mikala Di, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. PSIX-5 Ruminal Papillae Morphology and Volatile Fatty Acid Profile of Beef Steers Consuming Finishing Diets with an Added Nutritional Packet in a Calf-fed System
- Author
-
Peters, Sarah, primary, Sarturi, Jhones O, additional, Rush, Camron J, additional, Felizari, Luana, additional, Henry, Darren D, additional, Huerta-Leidenz, Nelson O, additional, Woerner, Dale R, additional, Rodrigues, Barbara, additional, Lopez, Alejandra M, additional, Silva, Kaliu G Scaranto, additional, Nardi, Kaue Tonelli, additional, and Wilkes, Katherine, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. 340 Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Beef Steers Consuming Finishing Diets with an Added Nutritional Packet in a Calf-fed System
- Author
-
Rush, Camron J, primary, Sarturi, Jhones O, additional, Henry, Darren H, additional, Ciriaco, Francine M, additional, Woerner, Dale R, additional, Huerta-Leidenz, Nelson O, additional, Crossland, Whitney L, additional, Lopez, Alejandra M, additional, Silva, Kaliu G Scaranto, additional, Nardi, Kaue Tonelli, additional, Peters, Sarah, additional, Manna, Mikala Di, additional, Hinds, Jordan, additional, Saes, Yasmim, additional, Osorio-Doblado, Andrea M, additional, Coello, Kymberly, additional, and Quijada, Angel A, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. PSVII-17 Feeding Behavior of Beef Feedlot Yearling Steers Offered Finishing Diets with Direct fed Microbial Mixtures
- Author
-
Lopez, Alejandra M, primary, Sarturi, Jhones O, additional, Henry, Darren H, additional, Johnson, Bradley J, additional, Scaranto Silva, Kaliu G, additional, Nardi, Kaue Tonelli, additional, Rush, Camron J, additional, Rodrigues, Barbara, additional, and Peters, Sarah, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. PSVII-18 Feeding Behavior of Beef Steers Consuming Finishing Diets with an Added Nutritional Packet in a Calf-fed System
- Author
-
Rush, Camron J, primary, Sarturi, Jhones O, additional, Henry, Darren H, additional, Ciriaco, Francine M, additional, Huerta-Leidenz, Nelson O, additional, Lopez, Alejandra M, additional, Scaranto Silva, Kaliu G, additional, Nardi, Kaue Tonelli, additional, Peters, Sarah, additional, Manna, Mikala Di, additional, Osorio-Doblado, Andrea M, additional, Coello, Kymberly, additional, Quijada, Angel A, additional, Hinds, Jordan, additional, Saes, Yasmim, additional, and Crossland, Whitney L, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. PSVIII-17 Nutrient Digestibility of Beef Steers Consuming Finishing Diets with an Added Nutritional Packet in a Calf-fed System
- Author
-
Rush, Camron J, primary, Sarturi, Jhones O, additional, Henry, Darren H, additional, Ciriaco, Francine M, additional, Huerta-Leidenz, Nelson O, additional, Crossland, Whitney L, additional, Lopez, Alejandra M, additional, Scaranto Silva, Kaliu G, additional, Nardi, Kaue Tonelli, additional, Osorio-Doblado, Andrea M, additional, Peters, Sarah, additional, Manna, Mikala Di, additional, Hinds, Jordan, additional, Saes, Yasmim, additional, Rodrigues, Barbara, additional, Quijada, Angel A, additional, and Coello, Kymberly, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. 342 Effects of Direct fed Microbial Mixtures on Beef Cattle Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics, Intake, and Nutrient Digestibility
- Author
-
Silva, Kaliu G Scaranto, primary, Sarturi, Jhones O, additional, Henry, Darren H, additional, Johnson, Bradley J, additional, Lopez, Alejandra M, additional, Rodrigues, Barbara, additional, Nardi, Kaue Tonelli, additional, Rush, Camron J, additional, Peters, Sarah, additional, Camarillo, Angela, additional, and Wilson, Ashleigh, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Mixed-Race School-Age Children: A Summary of Census Data.
- Author
-
Lopez, Alejandra M.
- Abstract
Examines data on racial identification from the 2000 Census to document the mixed race population of children in the United States. Using California data as an example, the article considers various methods for tabulating multiple-response race data, noting the impact of each on demographic conclusions. Discusses how federal guidelines on race classification will influence the collection and organization of race data in education. (SM)
- Published
- 2003
13. Collecting and tabulating race/ethnicity data with diverse and mixed heritage populations: a case-study with US high school students
- Author
-
Lopez, Alejandra M.
- Subjects
High school students -- Demographic aspects ,Ethnicity -- Research ,Ethnic, cultural, racial issues/studies - Abstract
The increasing diversity of the US coupled with the continuing need for information gathered about race/ethnicity require us to re-examine our practices of collecting and tabulating such data, particularly from individuals of mixed heritage. In the context of Census 2000, which allowed people for the first time to identify with multiple race groups, this article focuses on the context of education and looks at high school students' self-identification practices on forms. Survey data gathered from 638 freshmen during 1999-2000 at a diverse, public high school in California indicate: there can be high levels of inconsistency in students' individual identifications depending on question format and response options provided; and, overall demographic counts can greatly vary depending on how multiple-response data are tabulated. Students' responses raise questions about whether it is possible to attain a high level of measurement reliability when working with a diverse population that includes individuals of mixed heritage. Keywords: Racial/ethnic self-identification; mixed heritage; race classification in schools; demographic data collection and tabulation.
- Published
- 2003
14. Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbial mixtures offered to beef cattle consuming finishing diets on intake, nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, and ruminal kinetics/fermentation profile
- Author
-
Silva, Kaliu G Scaranto, Sarturi, Jhones O, Johnson, Bradley J, Woerner, Dale R, Lopez, Alejandra M, Rodrigues, Barbara M, Nardi, Kaue T, and Rush, Camron J
- Abstract
Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbial (DFM) mixtures on intake, nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, ruminal fermentation profile, and ruminal degradation kinetics of beef steers were evaluated. Crossbred Angus ruminally cannulated steers (n= 6; body weight [BW] = 520 ± 30 kg) were used in a duplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design and offered a steam-flaked corn-based finisher diet to ad libitum intake for 3, 28-d periods. Treatments were 1) Control (no DFM, lactose carrier only); 2) Treat-A (Lactobacillus animalis, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis), at 1:1:1:3 ratio, respectively; totaling 6 × 109CFU (50 mg)/animal-daily minimum; and 3) Treat-B, the same DFM combination, but doses at 1:1:3:1 ratio. Bacterial counts were ~30% greater than the minimum expected. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with the model including the fixed effect of treatment and the random effects of square, period, and animal (square). For repeated measure variables, the fixed effects of treatment, time, and their interaction, and the random effects of square, period, animal (square), and animal (treatment) were used. Preplanned contrasts comparing Control × Treat-A or Treat-B were performed. Intake and major feeding behavior variables were not affected (P≥ 0.17) by treatments. Steers offered Treat-A had an increased (P= 0.04) ADF digestibility compared with Control. Steers offered Treat-A experienced daily 300 min less (P= 0.04) time under ruminal pH 5.6, a greater (P= 0.04) ruminal pH average and NH3–N concentration (P= 0.05) and tended (P= 0.06) to have a lower ruminal temperature compared to Control. Ruminal VFA was not affected (P≥ 0.38) by treatments. Steers offered Treat-A increased (P= 0.02) and tended (P= 0.08) to increase the ruminal effective degradable NDF and ADF fractions of the diet-substrate, respectively. When the forage-substrate (low quality) was incubated, steers offered Treat-A tended (P= 0.09) to increase the effective degradable hemicellulose fraction compared to Control. In this experiment, the bacterial combinations did not affect intake and feeding behavior, while the combination with a greater proportion of B. licheniformis(Treat-A) elicited an improved core-fiber digestibility and a healthier ruminal pH pattern, in which the ruminal environment showed to be more prone to induce the effective degradability of fiber fractions, while also releasing more NH3–N.Steers receiving a bacterial DFM combination containing Lactobacillus animalis, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformisat 1:1:1:3 ratio (6 × 109CFU) showed improved core-fiber digestibility, and a safer ruminal pH pattern, enhancing ruminal effective degradability of fiber fractions, and increased NH3–N release.During the finishing phase, a high-energy diet offers benefits related to beef cattle growth and development. However, it is essential to acknowledge that finisher diets are energy-dense and can pose digestive challenges, such as subacute ruminal acidosis. Digestive disturbances negatively affect animal well-being, growth performance, and economic returns. To address digestive challenges endured by animals on high-energy diets, the current experiment focused on the addition of bacterial direct-fed microbial (DFM) mixtures. A unique combination of bacterial DFM containing Lactobacillus animalis, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformiswas evaluated. These bacteria have been individually reported to improve cattle nutrient utilization, digestibility, ruminal function, and maintain ruminal pH. The study aimed to investigate the effects of this specific microbial combination and doses when added to beef cattle finisher diets. The DFM mixtures offered seemed to not affect intake and major feeding behavior variables. The DFM combination containing a greater proportion of B. licheniformis(Treat-A) seemed to elicit an improved total tract core-fiber digestibility, and a safer ruminal pH pattern. The ruminal environment was shown to be more prone to improve the ruminal effective degradability of fiber fractions, while also releasing more NH3–N.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Effects of bacterial direct-fed microbial combinations on beef cattle growth performance, feeding behavior, nutrient digestibility, ruminal morphology, and carcass characteristics
- Author
-
Lopez, Alejandra M, Sarturi, Jhones O, Johnson, Bradley J, Woerner, Dale R, Henry, Darren D, Ciriaco, Francine M, Silva, Kaliu G S, and Rush, Camron J
- Abstract
The effects of the dietary inclusion of a mixture of bacterial direct-fed microbial (DFM) on feedlot beef cattle growth performance, carcass characteristics, nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, and ruminal papillae morphology were evaluated. Crossbred-Angus steers (n = 192; initial body weight (BW) = 409 kg ± 8 kg) were blocked by BW and randomly assigned into 48 pens (4 steers/pen and 16 pens/treatment) following a randomized complete block design. A steam-flaked corn-based fishing diet was offered to ad libitum intake once daily for 153 d containing the following treatments: (1) Control (no DFM, lactose carrier only); (2) treat-A (Lactobacillus animalis, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis), at 1:1:1:3 ratio, respectively; totaling 6 × 109CFU (50 mg)/animal-daily minimum; and (3) treat-B, the same DFM combination, but with doses at 1:1:3:1 ratio. Bacterial counts were ~30% greater than the minimum expected. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS, with pen as the experimental unit, the fixed effect of treatment, and the random effect of BW-block, while preplanned contrasts comparing Control × treat-A or treat-B were used. Steers offered treat-A had increased carcass-adjusted average daily gain (P = 0.03) by 6.7%, gain efficiency (P < 0.01) by 6%, tended (P = 0.07) to have increased carcass-adjusted final BW by 15 kg, and hot carcass weight (P = 0.07) by 10 kg, while treat-B did not differ (P ≥ 0.17) from control. Overall dry matter (DM) intake (P= 0.36) and other carcass traits (P ≥ 0.13) were not affected by treatments. Steers offered treat-A tended to have increased digestibility of DM (P = 0.07) by 3%, neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.10), and hemicellulose (P= 0.08) by 9% compared with control, while treat-B did not differ (P ≥ 0.10) from control. No treatment × period interactions (P ≥ 0.21) or main effects of treatment (P ≥ 0.12) were observed during 24-h feeding behavior. Steers ruminated, ate, chewed, and were more active (P ≤ 0.01) during the second behavioral assessment (day 113), while drinking behavior was not affected (P ≥ 0.88). Ruminal papillae morphology and ruminal ammonia concentration (ruminal fluid collected at slaughter facility) were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.39). Steers offered the DFM treat-A had improved growth performance and it positively affected carcass weight and nutrient digestion. The DFM combinations did not seem to affect feedlot cattle feeding behavior or ruminal papillae morphology.Lactobacillus animalis, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus blicheniformisoffered to feedlot finishing yearlings improved average daily gain and feed efficiency, positively impacting hot carcass weight and nutrient digestibility, without affecting feeding behavior and ruminal papillae.Direct-fed microbials (DFM) are naturally occurring microorganisms that alter cattle ruminal fermentation and intestinal function and have been shown to improve growth performance and nutrient digestibility of cattle. The use of DFM in animal feed has continuously increased in feedlots as an alternative to traditional antibiotic additives, which have gained negative public perception and additional regulatory scrutiny. High-energy diets can induce physiological challenges to cattle, especially when based on high starch availability ingredients, which may negatively affect animal growth performance. Such physiological digestive challenges may be overcome by a target combination of DFM bacterial strains (Lactobacillus animalis, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus licheniformis). These microorganisms individually have shown to have positive effects on finishing cattle offered high-energy diets, which highlights the need for research to optimize DFM types and doses to enhance the use of bacterial strains that can positively affect cattle growth performance, carcass traits, nutrient digestibility, and other variables relevant to the physiology of digestion. In the current experiment, feedlot steers offered a specific bacterial DFM combination/dose had improved average daily gain and feed efficiency, which were reflected as a positive influence on hot carcass weight and digestibility of nutrients, while not effectcting feeding behavior and ruminal morphology.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Hydrolysis of Ti[Cl.sub.4]: initial steps in the production of Ti[O.sub.2]
- Author
-
Tsang-Hsiu Wang, Navarrete-Lopez, Alejandra M., Shenggang Li, and Dixon, David A.
- Subjects
Chlorides -- Chemical properties ,Dichloropropane -- Chemical properties ,Hydrolysis -- Analysis ,Nanoparticles -- Chemical properties ,Titanium dioxide -- Chemical properties ,Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries - Published
- 2010
17. Relationship between the critical points found by the electron localization function and atoms in molecules approaches in adducts with hydrogen bonds
- Author
-
Navarrete-Lopez, Alejandra M., Garza, Jorge, and Vargas, Rubicelia
- Subjects
Hydrogen bonding -- Research ,Perturbation (Mathematics) -- Analysis ,Atomic size -- Analysis ,Binding energy -- Research ,Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries - Abstract
The B3YLP exchange-correlation functional of the Kohn-Sham approach and the Moller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory MP2 are used for studying adducts with hydrogen bonds. A linear correlation is found between the critical points positions found by the atoms in molecules (AIM).
- Published
- 2007
18. Nutrient Digestibility of Feedlot Beef Yearling Steers Offered Finishing Diets with Direct fed Microbial Mixtures.
- Author
-
Lopez, Alejandra M., Sarturi, Jhones O., Henry, Darren H., Ciriaco, Francine M., Johnson, Bradley J., Scaranto Silva, Kaliu G., Nardi, Kaue Tonelli, Rush, Camron J., Rodrigues, Barbara, Peters, Sarah, and Di Manna, Mikala
- Subjects
- *
FEED analysis , *LACTOSE , *BEEF cattle , *DIET , *MIXTURES , *BLOCK designs , *BODY weight , *HEMICELLULOSE - Abstract
The effects of dietary inclusion of live bacteria on feedlot beef cattle apparent total tract nutrient digestibility were evaluated. Crossbred-Angus yearling steers (n = 192; initial BW = 409 kg ± 8 kg) were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned into 48 pens (4 steers/pen; 16 pens/treatment) following a randomized complete block design. A steam-flaked corn-based fishing diet was offered ad libitum once daily containing the following treatments: 1) Control, in which no direct fed microbial (DFM) was offered (lactose as carrier only); 2 and 3) Probiotic mixtures at distinct concentrations [Mixture A and B, at 2g/animal-daily (lactose used as carrier)]. Orts DM were quantified (if any) daily and subtracted from total dietary DM offered to calculate DM intake. Fecal samples were collected twice daily (0700 and 1700 h) for 5 consecutive days (d 68 to 72) from at least 3 steers per pen, while feed samples were collected daily. Samples were composited within period, dehydrated (55°C), and ground (1mm) for further analyses. Total fecal output was estimated with a dietary internal marker (288-h indigestible NDF) and used to calculate nutrient digestibility. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS and pen was considered the experimental unit. Intakes of DM, OM, NDF, and ADF during the digestibility assessment were not affected (P = 0.13) by treatments. Steers offered DFM mixture-A tended to increase digestibility of DM (P = 0.07; 79.3 vs. 77.1%), NDF (P = 0.10; 56.9 vs. 51.6%), and hemicellulose (P = 0.08; 59.4 vs. 53.9%) compared with control, while digestibility of ADF was not affected (P = 0.24) by treatment. The DFM mixture-A seemed to positively affect apparent digestibility of nutrients in steers consuming a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet, in which improvements in the fiber fraction digestion seemed to be a meaningful contributor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Feeding Behavior of Beef Feedlot Yearling Steers Offered Finishing Diets with Direct fed Microbial Mixtures.
- Author
-
Lopez, Alejandra M., Sarturi, Jhones O., Henry, Darren H., Johnson, Bradley J., Scaranto Silva, Kaliu G., Nardi, Kaue Tonelli, Rush, Camron J., Rodrigues, Barbara, and Peters, Sarah
- Subjects
- *
LACTOSE , *BEHAVIORAL assessment , *FEEDLOTS , *BEEF cattle , *DIET , *CATTLE feeding & feeds , *MIXTURES - Abstract
The effects of dietary inclusion of live bacteria mixtures on feedlot beef cattle feeding behavior were evaluated. Crossbred-Angus yearling steers (n = 192; initial BW = 409 kg ± 8 kg) were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned into 48 pens (4 steers/pen; 16 pens/treatment) following a randomized complete block design. A steam-flaked corn-based fishing diet was offered ad libitum once daily containing the following treatments: 1) Control, in which no direct fed microbial (DFM) was offered (lactose as carrier only); 2 and 3) Probiotic mixtures at distinct concentrations [Mixture A and B, at 2g/animal-daily (lactose used as carrier)]. Orts DM were quantified daily and subtracted from total dietary DM offered to calculate DM intake. Feeding behavior activities (continuous 24 h) were visually assessed (d 106 and 113) by trained personnel, where time spent on each activity was recorded every 5 min. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedures of SAS and pen was considered the experimental unit. No treatment × period interactions (P ≥ 0.21) were observed. Main feeding behavior variables consisting of time spent ruminating, chewing, eating, and drinking in minutes per day were not affected (P ≥ 0.17) by treatments, while steers in general ruminated, ate, chewed, and were more active (P ≤ 0.01) during the second behavioral assessment, regardless of treatments. Rates of intake in minutes per kg of DM, OM, fiber and digestible DM, OM, and fiber were not affected (P ≥ 0.12) by treatments; however more time spent (P < 0.01) ruminating, eating, and chewing in minutes per kg were observed on d113 compared to d106 regardless of treatments. Drinking time (min/d) and drinking rates (min/kg) were not affected (P ≥ 0.81) by period. The DFM mixtures did not negatively affect feeding behavior of yearling steers consuming steam-flaked corn-based finishing diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Ruminal Tissue Morphology of Beef Yearling Steers Offered Finishing Diets with Direct fed Microbial Mixtures.
- Author
-
Lopez, Alejandra M., Wilkes, Katherine, Sarturi, Jhones O., Henry, Darren H., Johnson, Bradley J., Scaranto Silva, Kaliu G., Rush, Camron J., Rodrigues, Barbara, Peters, Sarah, and Camarillo, Angela
- Subjects
- *
LACTOSE , *BACTERIA morphology , *BEEF cattle , *AREA measurement , *RUMEN (Ruminants) , *MORPHOLOGY , *ELECTRONIC measurements - Abstract
The effects of the dietary inclusion of live bacteria mixtures on feedlot beef cattle ruminal papillae morphology were evaluated. Crossbred-Angus yearling steers (n = 192; initial BW = 409 kg ± 8 kg) were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned into 48 pens (4 steers/pen; 16 pens/treatment) following a randomized complete block design. A steam-flaked corn-based fishing diet was offered ad libitum once daily during 153 d containing the following treatments: 1) Control, in which no direct-fed microbial (DFM) was offered (lactose as carrier only); 2 and 3) Probiotic mixtures at distinct concentrations [Mixture A and B, at 2g/animal-daily (lactose used as carrier)]. Upon harvest at a federally inspected slaughter facility, epithelium samples were collected from the cranial sac of the rumen, immersed in a 70% alcohol, and preserved under refrigeration (5°C). Ruminal tissue fragments were trimmed (1cm2), in which papillae were completely counted within the fragment, followed by the removal of 12 random individual papillae for further area measurement using electronic scanning (ImageJ). Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS and pen was considered the experimental unit with the fixed effect of treatment and the random effect of block. Regardless of treatments, average papillae area in cm2 (P = 0.39; control: 0.38, DFM mixture-A: 0.40, DFM mixture-B: 0.37), papillae number within fragment (P = 0.70; control: 47, DFM mixture-A: 52, DFM mixture-B: 49), absorptive surface area in cm2/fragment cm2 (P = 0.87; control: 37, DFM mixture-A: 39, DFM mixture-B: 38), and ruminal absorptive surface area (P = 0.74; control: 97%, DFM mixture-A: 97%, DFM mixture-B: 97%) were not affected compared with control. The addition of DFM mixtures did not seem to affect ruminal papillae physical aspect, although the long-term effects of dietary inclusion of live bacteria on ruminal morphology needs to be further evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Feedlot Beef Yearling Steers Offered Finishing Diets with Direct fed Microbial Mixtures.
- Author
-
Lopez, Alejandra M., Sarturi, Jhones O., Henry, Darren H., Ciriaco, Francine M., Johnson, Bradley J., Woerner, Dale R., Silva, Kaliu G. Scaranto, Nardi, Kaue Tonelli, Rush, Camron J., Rodrigues, Barbara, Peters, Sarah, Di Manna, Mikala, Osorio-Doblado, Andrea M., Coello, Kymberly, and Quijada, Angel A.
- Subjects
- *
LACTOSE , *BEEF cattle , *CATTLE growth , *DIET , *MIXTURES , *BLOCK designs , *BODY weight - Abstract
The effects of dietary inclusion of live bacteria on feedlot beef cattle growth performance and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Crossbred-Angus yearling steers (n = 192; initial BW = 409 kg ± 8 kg) were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned into 48 pens (4 steers/pen; 16 pens/treatment) following a randomized complete block design. A steam-flaked corn-based fishing diet was offered ad libitum once daily containing the following treatments: 1) Control, in which no direct fed microbial (DFM) was offered (lactose as carrier only); 2 and 3) Probiotic mixtures at distinct concentrations [Mixture A and B, at 2g/animal-daily (lactose used as carrier)]. Orts DM were quantified daily and subtracted from total dietary DM offered to calculate DM intake. Two-day consecutive unshrunk BW were recorded before feeding on d 0, 30, 60, 90, 121, and 153 (prior to shipment to a federally inspected slaughter facility). Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS and pen was considered the experimental unit, in which F-test protected pre-planned contrasts comparing control versus DFM mixture-A and control versus DFM mixture-B were used. Steers offered mixture-A increased carcass-adjusted ADG (P = 0.03) by 6.7%, gain efficiency (P < 0.01) by 6%, tended to increase carcass-adjusted final BW (P = 0.07) by 15kg and hot carcass weight (P = 0.07) by 10kg. The overall (d 0 to end) DM intake (P = 0.36) was not affected by treatment; however, a subtle (1.2%) decrease (P < 0.01) during the initial 30 days for steers offered DFM mixture-B was observed. Carcass variables (dressing percentage, 12th rib fat, longissimus muscle area, marbling, yield grade, and liver scores) were not affected (P = 0.13) by treatments. Growth performance was improved with DFM mixture-A which seemed to positively affect carcass weight without inducing deleterious effects on other carcass characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Nutrient Digestibility of Beef Steers Consuming Finishing Diets with an Added Nutritional Packet in a Calf-fed System.
- Author
-
Rush, Camron J., Sarturi, Jhones O., Henry, Darren H., Ciriaco, Francine M., Huerta-Leidenz, Nelson O., Crossland, Whitney L., Lopez, Alejandra M., Scaranto Silva, Kaliu G., Nardi, Kaue Tonelli, Osorio-Doblado, Andrea M., Peters, Sarah, Di Manna, Mikala, Hinds, Jordan, Saes, Yasmim, Rodrigues, Barbara, Quijada, Angel A., and Coello, Kymberly
- Subjects
CORN as feed ,NUTRITIONAL status ,DIET ,VITAMIN B1 ,CATTLE feeding & feeds ,HEMICELLULOSE ,SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae ,BLOCK designs - Abstract
The effects of a nutritional packet containing a direct-fed microbial combined with vitamins/electrolytes offered to beef steers in a calf-fed system on apparent total tract nutrient digestibility were evaluated. Angus crossbred steer-calves (n = 60; BW = 234 ± 4 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete block design (block = body weight; steer = experimental unit) and stratified into 2 treatments: a) control (no packet, finely-ground corn carrier only); and b) 30 g of DM/animal-daily of a nutritional packet [liveyeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae; 8.7 Log CFU/g), Vitamin C (5.4 g/kg of Ascorbic acid), Vitamin B1 (13.33 g/kg of Thiamine hydrochloride), and electrolytes of NaCl (80 g/kg) and KCl (80 g/kg)]. Animals were individually offered [electronic feed-bunks (Smart-Feed/C-Lock Inc.)] a steamflaked corn-based finishing diet ad libitum, once daily for 233 d. Treatments were offered during the first (phase-1) and last (phase-2) 60 d on feed. At the conclusion of each phase, feed samples were collected once daily (1400 h), while fecal samples twice daily (0700 and 1700 h) from each steer during 4 consecutive days. Fecal and feed sample composites were dehydrated (55oC), ground (1 mm), and analyzed to assess DM, OM, NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose. The 288-h indigestible NDF was used as dietary internal marker to estimate fecal output and used to calculate nutrient digestibility. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Intake of DM, OM, and fiber components during both digestibility trials were not affected (P = 0.56) by treatments. Steers offered the nutritional packet had increased (P < 0.01) apparent total tract digestibility of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, and hemicellulose by at least 2.4, 2.4, 8.3, 10, and 7.5%, respectively, in both digestibility phases. Superior nutrient digestibility without affecting nutrient intake may justify a potential enhanced carcass energy deposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Feeding Behavior of Beef Steers Consuming Finishing Diets with an Added Nutritional Packet in a Calf-fed System.
- Author
-
Rush, Camron J., Sarturi, Jhones O., Henry, Darren H., Ciriaco, Francine M., Huerta-Leidenz, Nelson O., Lopez, Alejandra M., Silva, Kaliu G. Scaranto, Nardi, Kaue Tonelli, Peters, Sarah, Di Manna, Mikala, Osorio-Doblado, Andrea M., Coello, Kymberly, Quijada, Angel A., Hinds, Jordan, Saes, Yasmim, and Crossland, Whitney L.
- Subjects
CALVES ,VITAMIN B1 ,DIET ,SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae ,VITAMIN C ,BLOCK designs ,BODY weight ,HEMICELLULOSE - Abstract
The effects of a nutritional packet containing a direct-fed microbial combined with vitamins/electrolytes offered at the beginning and end of the finishing phase to beef steers in a calf-fed system on feeding behavior were evaluated. Angus crossbred steer-calves (n = 18; BW = 234 ± 4 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete block design (block = body weight; steer = experimental unit) and stratified into two treatments: a) control (no packet, finely-ground corn carrier only); and b) 30 g of DM/animal-daily of a nutritional packet [live-yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae; 8.7 Log CFU/g), vitamin C (5.4 g/kg of ascorbic acid), vitamin B1 (13.33 g/kg of thiamine hydrochloride), and electrolytes of NaCl (80 g/kg) and KCl (80 g/kg)]. Animals were individually offered [electronic feed-bunks (Smart-Feed/C-Lock Inc.)] a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet ad libitum once daily for 233 d, while treatments were offered during the first (phase-1) and last 60 d (phase-2) on feed only. Feeding behavior activities were assessed in min/d by using CowManagerTM ear tag sensors. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. There was no treatment × phase interactions (P ≥ 0.15), except that steers receiving the nutritional packet tended (P = 0.10) to spend more time (6 vs. 9 min/kg) eating digestible DM during phase-2 only. Regardless of phase, steers consuming the nutritional packet spent more time (P = 0.04) eating per kg of hemicellulose. Regardless of treatment, a decreased rumination (P ≤ 0.03) and chewing (P ≤ 0.01) activity-variables were observed for the phase-2 compared to phase-1. Steers receiving the nutritional packet exhibited superior time spent on eating activities, especially during the final 60 d before slaughter, and fiber seems to be the major driver inducing such effect. Towards the end of the finishing phase, cattle reduced rumination and chewing compared to the arrival phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Ruminal Papillae Morphology and Volatile Fatty Acid Profile of Beef Steers Consuming Finishing Diets with an Added Nutritional Packet in a Calf-fed System.
- Author
-
Peters, Sarah, Sarturi, Jhones O., Rush, Camron J., Felizari, Luana, Henry, Darren D., Huerta-Leidenz, Nelson O., Woerner, Dale R., Rodrigues, Barbara, Lopez, Alejandra M., Scaranto Silva, Kaliu G., Nardi, Kaue Tonelli, and Wilkes, Katherine
- Subjects
RUMEN fermentation ,CORN as feed ,FATTY acids ,VITAMIN B1 ,MORPHOLOGY ,VITAMIN C ,AREA measurement - Abstract
The effects of a nutritional packet containing a direct-fed microbial combined with vitamins/electrolytes offered to beef steers in a calf-fed system on ruminal papillae morphology and volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile were evaluated. Angus crossbred steercalves (n = 60; BW = 234 ± 4 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete block design (block = body weight; steer = experimental unit) and stratified into two treatments: a) control (no packet, finely-ground corn carrier only); and b) 30 g of DM/animal-daily of a nutritional packet [live-yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae; 8.7 Log CFU/g), Vitamin C (5.4 g/kg of Ascorbic acid), Vitamin B1 (13.33 g/kg of Thiamine hydrochloride), and electrolytes of NaCl (80 g/kg) and KCl (80 g/kg)]. Animals were individually offered [electronic feed-bunks (Smart-Feed/C-Lock Inc.)] a steamflaked corn-based finishing diet ad libitum once daily for 233 d, while treatments were offered during the first and last 60 days on feed only. Upon harvest (federally inspected facility), individual samples of ruminal cranial sac epithelium and rumen content (quickly frozen) were collected. Preserved (70% alcohol at 5oC) ruminal tissue fragments were trimmed (1 cm2), in which papillae were counted, followed by a random removal of 12 individual papillae for further area measurement using electronic scanning (ImageJ). Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Steers offered to nutritional packet had a 30% increased (P = 0.02) average papillae area, which induced a tendency (P = 0.14) to improve ruminal absorptive surface area (89 vs. 93%), while not affecting ruminal papillae number (P = 0.39). Molar proportions of acetate, butyrate, and propionate were not affected (P ≥ 0.51) by treatments, while total VFA (mM) tended (P = 0.09) to increase by 8% for animals consuming the nutritional packet. The nutritional packet seemed to improve ruminal fermentation products while positively affecting ruminal papillae morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Beef Steers Consuming Finishing Diets with an Added Nutritional Packet in a Calf-fed System.
- Author
-
Rush, Camron J., Sarturi, Jhones O., Henry, Darren H., Ciriaco, Francine M., Woerner, Dale R., Huerta-Leidenz, Nelson O., Crossland, Whitney L., Lopez, Alejandra M., Silva, Kaliu G. Scaranto, Nardi, Kaue Tonelli, Peters, Sarah, Di Manna, Mikala, Hinds, Jordan, Saes, Yasmim, Osorio-Doblado, Andrea M., Coello, Kymberly, and Quijada, Angel A.
- Subjects
CORN as feed ,BEEF carcasses ,DIET ,POTASSIUM chloride ,VITAMIN B1 ,BODY weight ,SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae ,VITAMIN C - Abstract
The effects of a nutritional packet containing a direct-fed microbial combined with vitamins/electrolytes offered to beef steers in a calf-fed system on growth performance and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Angus crossbred steer-calves (n = 60; BW = 234 ± 4 kg) were assigned to a randomized complete block design (block = body weight; steer = experimental unit) and stratified into two treatments: a) control (no packet, finely-ground corn carrier only); and b) 30 g of DM/animal-daily of a nutritional packet [live-yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae; 8.7 Log CFU/g), Vitamin C (5.4 g/kg of Ascorbic acid), Vitamin B1 (13.33 g/kg of Thiamine hydrochloride), and electrolytes of sodium chloride (80 g/kg) and potassium chloride (80 g/kg)]. Animals were individually offered [electronic feed-bunks (Smart-Feed/C-Lock Inc.)] a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet ad libitum, once daily for 233 d. Treatments were offered during the first (phase-1) and last (phase-2) 60 d on feed. Body weight measurements were taken every 30 d before feeding. Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. Steers offered the nutritional packet had 14% less (P < 0.01) intake and 18% greater gain efficiency during the initial 30-d on feed, while such advantage did not (P = 0.26) persist when accounting for the initial 60 d for either variable. Overall intake (d0 to d233) was 6% greater (P = 0.02), while carcass-adjusted ADG (1.61 vs. 1.56), and carcass-adjusted gain efficiency (0.198 vs. 0.204) were unaffected (P = 0.44) compared with control, respectively. Dressing percent of steers offered the packet was 1 percentage-unit greater (P = 0.02), while other carcass variables were unaffected (P = 0.33). Calffed steers seem to benefit from such nutritional packet during the initial 30 d after feedlot arrival, while both superior intake and dressing percentage appears to last until cattle harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Effects of Direct fed Microbial Mixtures on Beef Cattle Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics, Intake, and Nutrient Digestibility.
- Author
-
Silva, Kaliu G. Scaranto, Sarturi, Jhones O., Henry, Darren H., Johnson, Bradley J., Lopez, Alejandra M., Rodrigues, Barbara, Nardi, Kaue Tonelli, Rush, Camron J., Peters, Sarah, Camarillo, Angela, and Wilson, Ashleigh
- Subjects
BEEF cattle ,RUMEN fermentation ,LACTOSE ,MAGIC squares ,FERMENTATION ,MIXTURES - Abstract
Direct fed microbials (DFM) dietary mixture effects on beef cattle ruminal variables, intake, and apparent total tract digestibility were evaluated. Six ruminally cannulated beef steers (BW = 520 ± 30 kg) were used in a duplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design and offered a steam-flaked corn-based finishing diet ad libitum for three 28-d periods (21-d adaptation and 7-d collection). Treatments assigned were: 1) Control (no DFM mixture; lactose only); 2 and 3) DFM mixtures at distinct concentrations [Mixture A and B, at 2 g/animal-daily (lactose used as carrier)]. Ruminal pH and temperature were measured every 6 min (wireless probes). Ruminal samples were collected at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 23 h post-feeding on d28. Feed and fecal samples (collected once and twice daily, respectively) were composited by period and analyzed. Fecal output was estimated with a dietary internal marker (288-h indigestible-NDF). Data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. No treatment × time interactions (P = 0.20) were observed. Steers offered mixture-A experienced 300 min/d less (P = 0.04) time under the ruminal pH 5.6, tended (P = 0.13) for a lesser area under the curve of ruminal pH 5.6, while showing a greater (P = 0.04) ruminal pH average (5.67 vs. 5.50), and tended (P = 0.06) for a lesser ruminal temperature (39.2 vs. 39.4°C) compared to control. The ruminal concentration of NH3-N was greater (P = 0.02) for mixture-A compared with control (10.78 vs. 4.35 mg/dL), while animals offered mixture-B tended (P = 0.07) to be greater (9.11 mg/dL) than control. Steers offered DFM mixture-A increased (P = 0.04) ADF digestibility compared with control (39.8 vs. 54.0%), while not affecting DM intake (P = 0.61). The DFM mixture-A induced a safer ruminal pH environment and encouraging fiber degradation and NH3-N release, while not affecting animal intake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.