Search

Largest record of Lophiodes triradiatus (Lloyd 1909) Ho et al. (2009, 2014) examined a number of specimens and synonymized two junior synonyms with L. triradiatus. The largest specimen examined by them was 337 mm SL (ZSI 878/1). The specimen reported herein (NMMB-P 36204; Fig. 3) was also collected from near Dongsha Island (Pratas Island), South China Sea. It is measured 404 mm SL and is a mature female with large ovaries containing numerous small immature eggs. As a result, this specimen represents the largest known individual of L. triradiatus to date. The measurements and proportions are showed in Table 1. The morphology of present specimen agrees with previous description (Ho et al., 2009, 2014), except for most spines on head are relatively blunt or reduced. The esca is damaged and the leaf-like structure is not detectable. These blunt or reduced spines on head may be attributed to the large body size, which is likely an old individual., Published as part of Ho, Hsuan-Ching & Lin, Chien-Hsiang, 2022, Redescription of Lophiodes lugubris (Alcock, 1894), with the largest record of Lophiodes triradiatus (Lloyd, 1909) from the South China Sea (Lophiiformes Lophiidae), pp. 138-145 in Zootaxa 5189 (1) on page 143, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.16, http://zenodo.org/record/7119351, {"references":["Lloyd, R. E. (1909) A description of the deep-sea fish caught by the R. I. M. S. ship`Investigator' since the year 1900, with supposed evidence of mutation in Malthopsis. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 2 (3), 139 - 180., pls. 44 - 50.","Ho, H. - C., Seret, B. & Shao, K. - T. (2009) Redescription of Lophiodes infrabrunneus Smith and Radcliffe, 1912, a senior synonym of L. abdituspinus Ni, Wu and Li, 1990 (Lophiiformes: Lophiidae). Zootaxa, 2326 (1), 62 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2326.1.5","Ho, H. - C., Bineesh, K. K. & Akhilesh, K. V. (2014) Rediscovery of Lophiodes triradiatus (Lloyd, 1909), a senior synonym of L. infrabrunneus Smith and Radcliffe (Lophiiformes: Lophiidae). Zootaxa, 3786 (5), 587 - 592. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3786.5.6"]}

Lophiodes lugubris (Alcock 1894) Figs. 1‒2; Table 1 Lophius lugubris Alcock, 1894a (Type locality: 13.5 miles north 64° west of Columbo Light House, Sri Lanka, Investigator station 151, 142‒400 fathoms [260‒731 m]; syntypes: ZSI F13467, 670/1, 671/1). Alcock, 1895: pl. 14, fig. 1 (drawing). Alcock, 1899:55 (based on type series). Lloyd, 1907: 5 (listed, 3 specimens). Weber, 1913:557 (mentioned). Chirolophius lugubris (Alcock): Regan, 1903:281 (review). Le Danois, 1975:88 (review). Lophiodes lugubris (Alcock): Ho et al., 2016:83 (record of Indonesia). Specimens examined. Syntypes. ZSI F670/1 (92.2 mm SL), ZSI F671/1 (94.3), west of Columbo Light House, Sri Lanka, Investigator station 151, 260‒ 731 m. Non-types. India: ZSI F6846/1 (115), Investigator station 391, 9°14’10”N, 75°45’E, southwestern Indian, 237 fms [433 m], 27 Apr. 1911. Gulf of Aden: ZSI F1281/1 (86.8, 1 of 3 in Lloyd 1907), Investigator station 360, 13°36’N, 47°32’E, 130 fms [238 m], 1897‒1898; plus 18 uncatalogued specimens (78.8‒198), collected from off southern Indian coast, precise locality not recorded. Dongsha Island: NMMB-P36203 (214), South China Sea, bottom trawl, ca. 500 m, Mar. 2022. Indonesia: HUMZ 190869 (41.6), 3°24.19’S, 100°21.06’E ‒3°23.44’S, 100°19.56’E, off Sumatra, Eastern Indian Ocean, 396–453 m, 28 September 2004. Diagnosis. A species of Lophiodes that can be separated from congeners in having only four dorsal-fin spine (fourth and sixth spines absent) and combination of following characters: esca a tiny bulb; third dorsal-fin spine thin and long, 42.1‒73.5% SL (mean 56.4% SL), extending to origin to middle of soft dorsal-fin base; 15‒16 pectoralfin rays. Description. Morphometric data are provided in Table 1. Dorsal-fin spines 4, 3 cephalic and 1 post-cephalic (fourth and sixth spines absent); dorsal-fin rays 8; anal-fin rays 6; pectoral-fin rays 15‒16. Head relatively short (HL 34.6–38.5% SL) and narrow (head width 52.9–61.1% HL); interorbital space flat; eyes large and rounded, directed dorsolaterally. Anterior half of premaxilla with two irregular rows of enlarged teeth, loosely arranged, those on the innermost row largest, followed by a single row of small teeth on posterior half; lower jaw with three rows of teeth anteriorly, those on the innermost row largest, gradually becoming 2 rows of smaller teeth; vomer with 1‒3 fang teeth on each end, the outer teeth largest; palatine with a single row of few fang teeth; fifth ceratobranchial with two rows of small teeth, forming a V-shaped patch; those on second and third pharyngobranchials forming small and rounded patches. No gill rakers. Pseudobranch present. Illicium relatively short to moderately long, 19.2‒31.6% SL, slightly extending beyond posteriormost frontal spine to slightly beyond epiotic spine (when retracted); esca a small simple bulb, without cirri at tip; second dorsalfin spine short to moderately long 18.2‒34.4% SL, generally longer than illicium, extending to the base of thirddorsal fin spine to postemporal spine; third dorsal-fin spine moderately long, 34.6‒73.5% SL, rather thin, bearing many tendrils along the entire length, extending to origin (larger specimens) to middle (smaller specimens) of soft dorsal-fin base; fourth dorsal-fin spine absent; fifth dorsal-fin spine short to moderately long (11.8‒24.6% SL), extending to origin of soft dorsal fin. All spines associated with skull short, sharp (smaller specimens), blunt or weakly developed (larger specimens), mostly beneath skin but feeble though skin. Palatine spines pointed but short; frontal ridge elevated posteriorly, serrated with 3 spines, the last spine largest, or a smooth ridge without spines in 214 mm specimen; inner frontal spine absent; inner sphenotic spines pointed and short or reduced with a feeble knob; outer sphenotic spines blunt, broad and compressed; epiotic spines blunt, beneath skin completely; quadrate and anterior articular spines blunt to strongly reduced, both knob-like; hyomandibular bears two low and blunt spines; opercular spines blunt, forming small knobs; subopercular and interopercular spines sharp or reduced and knob-like; cleithral spines strong and blunt; humeral spines slightly developed, simple with a small spine or knob on its base. Coloration. When fresh, dorsal surface of body pinkish gray to brown; ventral surface pale with irregular light gray marbles and patches; pectoral fin with white margin. When preserved, dorsal surface grey to brown with many large light brown patches on dorsal surface, pale to light grey on ventral surface; color of illicium and esca as on dorsal surface; all fins pale distally. Peritoneum black. Distribution. Specimens examined were collected from off India, Sri Lanka (holotype) and eastern Indian Ocean side off Indonesia (Ho et al., 2016) and now off Dong-sha Island (South China Sea). Bathymetric range 238‒731 m based on the Indian Ocean records. Size. Adults attain at least 214 mm. Otolith. The otolith (CHLOL 15743) described here is collected from NMMB-P36203 (Fig. 4 -6a, b). The inner face of the otolith is nearly flat, and the outer face is concave with its posterior part thicker than the anterior one. The otolith is characterized by two horn-shaped protrusions on the dorsal rim with a deeply incised notch in the middle of the otolith. The ventral rim is straight. The sulcus is only observable in the crista inferior, where it swells and becomes crest-like in the middle of the otolith. A dorsal depression occupies most of the dorsal area. Comparison. Lophiodes lugubris is closely similar to L. mutilus, L. iwamotoi Ho, Séret & Shao, 2011 and L. maculatus Ho, Séret & Shao, 2011. Except for the only four dorsal-fin spine (vs. five dorsal-fin spines), it can be separated from L. mutilus by having relatively broad head deep (66.2‒71.4% HL, vs. 61.1‒68.6% HL), relatively broad distance between inner sphenotic spines (43.0‒50.7% HL, vs. 38.8‒45.1% HL), relatively long snout length (56.9‒63.2% HL, vs. 51.5‒59.1% HL), relatively broad distance between pterotic and sphenotic spines (19.3‒23.7% HL, vs. 16.9‒20.1% HL); from L. iwamotoi by having relatively long snout length (56.9‒63.2% HL, vs. 55.4‒ 57.5%) and relatively broad distance between inner sphenotic spines (43.0‒50.7% HL, vs. 40.4‒42.5% HL); and from L. maculatus in having relatively short third dorsal-fin spine (34.6‒73.5% SL, vs. 71.9‒87.6% SL), relatively narrow head width (52.9‒61.1% HL, vs. 61.6‒67.5% HL) and head depth (66.2‒71.4% HL, vs. 73.3‒78.9% HL), relatively short snout length (56.9‒63.2% HL, vs. 63.2‒68.5% HL), relatively narrow snout width (17.3‒22.9% HL, 21.7‒28.6% HL), distance between posterior frontal spines (38.0‒45.6% HL, vs. 47.4‒56.0% HL), and distance between opercular and subopercular spines (42.7‒47.0% HL, vs. 50.0‒60.3% HL). Remarks. Le Danois (1975) reviewed the family Lophiidae and recognized Chirolophius lugubris as valid. She also put two junior synonyms, Lophiodes papillosus Weber, 1913 and Chirolophius japonicus Kamohara, 1938, under this name. These three names were further included in the synonymy of Lophiodes mutilus (Alcock) by Caruso (1981). However, the original descriptions of C. papillosus and C. japonicus showed both have five dorsalfin spines, thus we retained in the junior synonyms of L. mutilus, as suggested by Caruso (1981). Ho et al. (2016) examined two syntypes and many additional individuals of L. lugubris collected from off India and concluded that L. lugubris is a valid species, with comments on the type series. In the large among specimens collected from the Indo-west Pacific Ocean examined by the first author, we found that only L. mutilus present in the western Pacific Ocean and none of them can be referred to L. lugubris, except for the 214 mm specimen reported herein. The 214 mm specimen is by far the largest individual of L. lugubris. It has a pair of moderately developed gonads with sex cannot be determinate. It is presumed that this species is matured at slightly larger than this size. The 214 mm specimen has first threes spines relatively short. An analysis on the proportions of these three spines versus SL shows that the lengths of illicium and second dorsal-fin spine have very minor negative trend, whereas that of third dorsal-fin spine has a strong negative trend (Fig. 2). The relatively short third dorsal-fin spine is attributed to the growth change, whereas the lengths of illicium and second dorsal-fin do not change significantly. In addition, we also found that all head spines associated with skeleton are either strongly reduced, knob-like or blunt. Judging from the relatively large size, these reduced spines may also attribute to the growth change, which is common in congeners (Ho, pers. obse.). It is also notable that the 214 mm specimen has its ventral surface pale with irregular gray marbles or patches (Fig. 1C). Because all other specimens examined are either small individuals or had been preserved for a long time, the coloration of ventral surface is rather pale or faded. When more specimens are available, it may be proved that the coloration on ventral surface is a diagnostic character since most members we examined have a uniformly gray to brown ventral surface. Although Fricke et al. (2018) recorded Lophiodes lugubris from Madagascar, most of specimens they listed were identified as Lophiodes mutilus by the first author. Fricke et al. (2018) probably wrongly inferred “ Chirolophius (Lophiodes) lugubris var. madagascariensis ” described by Le Danois (1975) to L. lugubris. Because this variation was described after 1960 and thus not available according to Article 15.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999). Moreover, the original drawing of “ var. madagascariensis ” has six dorsal-fin spines and is clearly different from the definition of L. lugubris. Base on the original drawing and description, “ var. madagascariensis ” is likely misidentification of Lophiodes insidiator (Ragan, 1921)., Published as part of Ho, Hsuan-Ching & Lin, Chien-Hsiang, 2022, Redescription of Lophiodes lugubris (Alcock, 1894), with the largest record of Lophiodes triradiatus (Lloyd, 1909) from the South China Sea (Lophiiformes Lophiidae), pp. 138-145 in Zootaxa 5189 (1) on pages 139-143, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5189.1.16, http://zenodo.org/record/7119351, {"references":["Alcock, A. W. (1894 a) Natural history notes from H. M. Indian marine survey steamer`Investigator, ', Commander C. F. Oldham, R. N., commanding. Series II., No. 11. An account of a recent collection of bathybial fishes from the Bay of Bengal and from the Laccadive Sea. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 63 (pt. 2), 115 - 137., pls. 6 - 7.","Alcock, A. W. (1895) Illustrations of the zoology of the Royal Indian marine surveying steamer Investigator, under the command of Commander A. Carpenter, R. N., D. S. O., and of Commander R. F. Hoskyns, R. N. Fishes- - Part III. Office of the superintendent of government Printing, Calcutta, India, pls. XIV - XVI.","Alcock, A. W. (1899) A descriptive catalogue of the Indian deep-sea fishes in the Indian Museum: being a revised account of the deep-sea fishes collected by the Royal Indian marine survey ship Investigator. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 211 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4684","Lloyd, R. E. (1907) Contributions to the fauna of the Arabian Sea, with descriptions of new fishes and crustacea. Records of the Indian Museum, 1, 1 - 12.","Weber, M. (1913) Die Fische der Siboga-Expedition. Brill, Leiden, 710 pp.","Regan, C. T. (1903) A revision of the fishes of the family Lophiidae. The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology, 11 (7), 277 - 285. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222930308678765","Le Danois, Y. (1975) Etude osteo-myologique et revision systematique de la famille des Lophiidae (pediculates haplopterygiens). Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie A Zoologie, 91, 1 - 127.","Ho, H. - C., Kawai, T., Wudianto & Satria, F. (2016) Records of anglerfishes (Actinopterygii: Lophiiformes: Lophiidae) from Indonesia. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 46 (2), 77 - 85. https: // doi. org / 10.3750 / AIP 2016.46.2.03","Ho, H. - C., Seret, B. & Shao, K. - T. (2011) Records of anglerfishes (Lophiiformes: Lophiidae) from the western South Pacific Ocean, with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Fish Biology, 79 (7), 1722 - 1745. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1095 - 8649.2011.03106. x","Kamohara, T. (1938) On the offshore bottom-fishes of Prov. Tosa, Shikoku, Japan. Maruzen Kobushiki Kaisha, Tokyo, 1 - 86.","Caruso, J. H. (1981) The systematics and distribution of the lophiid anglerfishes: I. A revision of the genus Lophiodes with the description of two new species. Copeia, 1981 (3), 522 - 549. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1444556","Fricke, R., Mahafina, J., Behivoke, F., Jaonalison, H., Leopold, M. & Ponton, D. (2018) Annotated checklist of the fishes of Madagascar, southwestern Indian Ocean, with 158 new records. FishTaxa, 3 (1), 1 - 432."]}

Lophiodes caulinaris (Garman, 1899). Pacific Anglerfish, Pacific Goosefish, Spottedtail Goosefish, or Whitespotted Goosefish. To 44.5 cm (17.5 in) TL (Moncayo-Estrada et al. 2006). Central California (about 37��N, 122��W) (Personal communication: Scripps Institution of Oceanography Fish Collection, La Jolla, California) to Callao, Peru (Chirichigno and V��lez 1998), including Gulf of California (Caruso 1981), and various offshore islands (Robertson and Allen 2002). One record, possibly in error, from Islas Gal��pagos (Grove and Lavenberg 1997). Benthic; depth: 15���888 m (49���2,913 ft) (min.: Caruso 1981; max.: Jacobsen Stout et al. 2016)., Published as part of Love, Milton S., Bizzarro, Joseph J., Cornthwaite, Maria, Frable, Benjamin W. & Maslenikov, Katherine P., 2021, Checklist of marine and estuarine fishes from the Alaska-Yukon Border, Beaufort Sea, to Cabo San Lucas, Mexico, pp. 1-285 in Zootaxa 5053 (1) on page 86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5578008, {"references":["Moncayo-Estrada, R., Castro-Aguirre, J. L. & de la Cruz-Aguero, J. (2006) A fish checklist for the ichthyofauna of Bahia de Banderas, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 77, 67 - 80 [In Spanish].","Chirichigno, F. N. & Velez D, J. (1998) Clave para identificaticar los peces marinos del Peru (segunda edicion, revisada y actualizada). Instituto de Mar de Peru Publicacion Especial.","Caruso, J. (1981) The systematics and distribution of the lophiid anglerfishes: I. A revision of the genus Lophiodes with the description of two new species. Copeia, 1981, 522 - 549.","Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2002) Shorefishes of the tropical eastern Pacific: an information system. CD-ROM. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama.","Grove, J. S. & Lavenberg, R. J. (1997) The Fishes of the Galapagos Islands. Stanford University Press, Stanford.","Jacobsen Stout, N., Kuhnz, L., Lundsten, L., Schlining, B., Schlining, K. & von Thun, S. (Eds.). (2016) T he Deep-Sea Guide (DSG). Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. http: // dsg. mbari. org. Accessed 30 September 2016."]}

Species of Lophiidae collected from the western South Pacific Ocean are examined. Nine nominal species are recognized, all but one species with their distributions extended eastwards and southwards from the western Pacific Ocean. Two new species are described from Polynesia. Lophiodes iwamotoi n. sp. is described from five specimens collected from Savannah Seamount. It is characterized by a relatively long third dorsal-fin spine (56.9-70.8% standard length, L(S)) that extends (when retracted) to between the end of the soft dorsal fin and caudal-fin base; a relatively short fifth dorsal-fin spine (10.5-13.1% L(S)); a relatively short and narrow head; 19-20 pectoral-fin rays. Lophiodes maculatus n. sp. is described from 20 specimens collected from Marquesas Islands. It is characterized by an extremely long third dorsal-fin spine (71.9-87.2% L(S)), extending well beyond the caudal-fin base; a relatively short fifth dorsal-fin spine (11.4-16.5% L(S)); 17-18 pectoral-fin rays. A key to the lophiids in the western South Pacific Ocean is provided.

†Sharfia mirabilis, a new genus and species of lophiid anglerfish from the Ypresian of Monte Bolca, northern Italy, is described from a single specimen residing among collections of the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. Together with †Lophius brachysomus Agassiz, 1835, known from three or four individuals also from Monte Bolca, †Sharfia mirabilis is the oldest member of the teleost family Lophiidae known to date based on articulated skeletal remains. It possesses several autapomorphic features as well as a unique combination of character states, especially in the structure of the opercular bones, which clearly separate it from all other known lophiiform fishes. Among extant lophiid genera, the new taxon shows perhaps the strongest phenetic resemblance to Sladenia and Lophiodes. †Sharfia mirabilis most likely inhabited inner shelf regions of the central Tethys Sea about 50 Ma, living at moderate depths on soft mud or sand bottoms, much like extant members of the family.

Lophiodes infrabrunneus Smith and Radcliffe, 1912 is redescribed on the basis of all known specimens. The species is redefined as: a species of Lophiodes with three dorsal spines, postcephalic spines absent; illicium relatively short, 13.3– 24.2% of SL; second and third dorsal spine relatively short, 12.2–21.2% and 9.1–20.6% of SL respectively, a narrow leaf–like flap, and tendrils present on second and third dorsal spine. Lophiodes abdituspinus is a junior synonym of L. infrabrunneus based on examination of type series of both species. L. infrabrunneus is distributed from Japan, to the Timor Sea, Salomon Is. and northwestern Australia, in eastern Indian Ocean where it occurs in depths between 208–1412 m.

Lophiodes endoi sp. nov. is described from the western Pacific Ocean. Within the genus Lophiodes, the new species belongs in the L. mutilus group mainly defined by the absence of the fourth dorsal fin spine and differs from other species in the L. mutilus group in having a rounded esca with a paler tip, a third dorsal spine bearing a pair of black tendrils at two-thirds its length, 20–21 pectoral fin rays, a relatively short head, a relatively short illicium, a relatively short third dorsal spine, and a relatively long fifth dorsal spine, reaching the third soft dorsal fin ray when folded back. Comments on a similar species, L. bruchius, newly collected from the Kyushu–Palau Ridge, and notes on the distribution of congeneric species in the northwestern Pacific are provided.

Lophiodes triradiatus (Lloyd, 1909) Lophius triradiaus Lloyd, 1909: 166 (Holotype: ZSI 878 /1, Laccadive Sea, 10��08���43���N, 75��33���30���E, 300 fms [549 m]). Lophiodes infrabrunneus Smith & Radcliffe in Radcliffe, 1912: 202 (Holotype: USNM 70265; the Philippines, 10�� N, 125��06���45��� E, 772 fms [1412 m]). Ho et al., 2009: 63. Lophiodes abdituspinus Ni, Wu & Li, 1990: 341 (Holotype: SCSFRI D-2583; South China Sea, 20��22��� N, 115��52��� E, 649���665 m). Material examined. ZSI 878 / 1, 337 mm SL, 10��08���43��� N, 75��33���30��� E, off south India, Laccadive Sea, Investigator station 259, 300 fms [549 m]. ZSI 2446, 337 mm SL, off the Kerala coast, 9��21��� N, 75��48��� E, 230 m, May 2012. CMLRE 2810311, 243 mm SL, Laccadive Sea, 8��21���601��� N, 76��10���171��� E, 995 m, 12 Oct. 2010. SAIAB 3838, 62 mm SL, possibly off Mozambique (no other data). Condition of specimens. The holotype of Lophius triradiatus (ZSI 878/1) is in very poor condition (Fig. 1B). The skin has been totally lost and the muscles and skeleton are fragile. Three cephalic dorsal-fin spines are complete, except for the third spine, which is somewhat shorter than in the original drawing. The leaf-like esca, one of the diagnostic characters, is somewhat dried but detectable, and is identical to that of specimens examined by Ho et al. (2009). The first author took a series of photos, but no measurement can be made due to the fragile condition. The three newly found specimens are in excellent condition, except that the esca is somewhat dried in the 337-mm specimen, which is by far the largest known for the species. The esca of 62-mm and 243-mm specimens are in good condition. Description. The following is based on the three recently discovered specimens listed above. Morphometric and meristic data of the three specimens examined are provided in Table 1. Body relatively high, head elevated. Two blunt spines on palatine, the posterior spine larger than the anterior spine. Frontal ridge and outer surface of premaxilla smooth, posterior portion of frontal ridge elevated, bearing 3 spines on right side, 4 spines on left side in 337 mm specimen, 3 spines on both sides in 243 mm specimen, and 2 spines in 62 mm specimens; spines blunt in two large specimen and sharp in small specimen. Inner frontal spine reduced and not detectable in two larger specimens, present in small specimen. Two sphenotic spines present, inner spine sharply pointed and long, outer spine broad and low. Pterotic spine broad, compressed and blunt in two larger specimens, conical in small specimen. Two blunt and tubercular hyomandibular spines, anterior spine larger than posterior spine in two larger specimens, one single sharp spine in small specimen. Opercular spine tubercular, low in two larger specimens, conical in small specimen. Subopercular and interopercular spines sharply pointed and long. Humeral spine very strong, simple with a knob at its dorsal base in two larger specimens, trifid in small specimen. Illicium reaches level of inner sphenotic spines when fully laid back in two larger specimens, reaching anterior frontal spine in small specimen. Esca a leaf-like flap (somewhat dried in 337 mm specimen), its base at about distal 1/4 to 1/3 of illicial length. Second dorsal-fin spine slightly shorter than illicial length, reaching level of inner sphenotic spines when fully laid back, reaching posterior frontal spine in small specimen. Third dorsal-fin spine short, reaching level of cleithral spines when fully laid back, relatively long, and reaching nearly origin of soft dorsal fin. Fourth to sixth (post-cephalic) dorsal-fin spines absent. Two irregular rows of small teeth on outer margin of premaxilla, those on outermost row small and fixed; three irregular rows of larger teeth on inner margin of premaxilla, those on innermost row largest. Two to 4 teeth on outer corner of vomer. Palatine with 2 (1 in smallest specimen) irregular rows of strong teeth. All teeth on vomer and palatines fixed. Anal fin extends well beyond caudal-fin base. Coloration. Uniformly deep brown with darker fins. Ventral surface dark brown in two larger specimens, uniformly pale brown in small specimen. Peritoneum black. Distribution. Lophiodes triradiatus now includes the distribution of L. infrabrunneus plus the three newly- discovered specimens, and is therefore known from southern India, northwestern Australia, the Philippines, South China Sea, East China Sea, Japan, and western Indian Ocean, at depths 208���1412 m., Published as part of Ho, Hsuan-Ching, Bineesh, K. K. & Akhilesh, K. V., 2014, Rediscovery of Lophiodes triradiatus (Lloyd, 1909), a senior synonym of L. infrabrunneus Smith and Radcliffe (Lophiiformes: Lophiidae), pp. 587-592 in Zootaxa 3786 (5) on pages 588-590, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3786.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4913633, {"references":["Ho, H. - C., Seret B. & Shao, K. - T. (2009) Redescription of Lophiodes infrabrunneus Smith and Radcliffe, 1912, a senior synonym of L. abdituspinus Ni, Wu and Li, 1990 (Lophiiformes: Lophiidae). Zootaxa, 2326, 62 - 68.","Ni, Y., Wu, H. - L. & Li, S. (1990) On a new species of the genus Lophiodes (Pisces: Lophiidae) from the South China Sea. Journal of Fisheries of China, 14 (4), 341 - 343.","Caruso, J. H. (1981) The systematics and distribution of the lophiid anglerfishes: I. A revision of the genus Lophiodes with the description of two new species. Copeia, 1981 (3), 522 - 549. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1444556"]}

and one specimen of Lophiodes cf. mutilus (CSIRO H 6417-13, 296 mm SL, NW of North West Cape, Western Australia, 19�� 65'S, 113�� 20'E, 907 m, 16 May 2006)., Published as part of Peter R. Last, Daniel C. Gledhill & Bronwyn H. Holmes, 2007, A new handfish, Brachionichthys australis sp. nov. (Lophiiformes: Brachionichthyidae), with a redescription of the critically endangered spotted handfish, B. hirsutus (Lacepede)., pp. 53-68 in Zootaxa 1666 on page 54

Examination of the holotype and three recently collected additional specimens from the Indian Ocean has revealed that Lophius triradiatus Lloyd, 1909 (now under Lophiodes) is a valid species and a senior synonym of Lophiodes infrabrunneus Smith & Radcliffe, 1912 and Lophiodes abdituspinus Ni, Wu & Li, 1990. A detailed description of the additional specimens is provided.

A new species of lophiid anglerfish,Lophiodes fimbriatus, Is described. The holotype was captured from Wakayama and the paratype from Kuba-jima, Okinawa Prefecture, The present species is distinguished from its congeners by the combinations of the following characters: slender and branched tendrils present on both dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body, lightly pigmented illicium, simple vestigial esca, and paired tendrils on the third dorsal spine.

Etude des relations phylogenetiques entre 4 genres de Lophiidae: Sladenia, Lophiodes, Lophiomus et Lophius