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The hip fracture causes significant disabilities in many elderly people. Many studies around the world have identified various risk factors for the hip fracture. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the risk factors of hip fractures. This study is a systematic review of risk factors for hip fractures. All published papers in English and Persian languages on patients in Iran and other countries between 2002 - 2022 were examined. The search strategy used keywords matching the mesh, including : predictors, hip fracture, and disability. Articles were selected from international databases (PubMed, Proquest,Web of Sience, Scopus, Google scholar and Persian(Sid,Magiran), and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias. The study has identified several factors that were significantly correlated with the risk of hip fracture, including age, cigarette and alcohol consumption, visual and hearing problems, low BMI levels, history of falling, weakness, and diseases such as stroke, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, arthritis, diabetes, dementia, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, liver and kidney diseases, bone density, osteoporosis, vertebral fracture, and hyperthyroidism. However, the study did not find any significant correlations between the consumption of calcium and vitamin D, history of fractures, cognitive disorders, schizophrenia, and household income, and the risk of hip fracture. The results of this study reveal the determining role of some risk factors in hip fracture in older persons. Therefore, it is recommended that health policy makers provide the possibility of early intervention for some changeable factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Trauma is a prominent reason for morbidity and death in Iran. The objective of this study was to provide epidemiological and clinical features of the injured patients admitted to one of the collaborating centers of the national trauma registry of Iran (NTRI). Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at the one NTRI center from March 25, 2017, to November 20, 2020. Patients who had the NTRI criteria were included in the study. Data comprised demographics, injury information, prehospital and in-hospital information, procedures, International Classification of Diseases 10 codes, diagnoses, injury severity, and outcomes. Results: Overall, 4043 trauma patients were included in the trauma. Of whom, 3036 (75.0%) were men. There was a statistically significant association between the cause of trauma and the severity of the injury. The post hoc test results demonstrated that the percentage of the injury severity score (ISS) ≥9 in patients with falls was higher than in patients with road traffic injuries (RTI) (26.9% vs. 16.8%, P = 0.01). The univariable and multiple logistic regression analyses showed statistically significant associations between age ≥65, cause of trauma, years of school, and ISS ≥9 with intensive care units (ICU) admission. After adjusting for age and cause of trauma, the odds of ICU admission in patients with ISS ≥9 were 6.23 times more than in patients with ISS <9 (odds ratio = 6.23, 95% confidence interval [4.92--7.88]). Conclusion: The odds of ICU admission were higher in older patients (age ≥65), lower educated patients, patients with falling, and severe injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) among the elderly is one of the major healthcare challenges worldwide. The present study assessed the rates of DDI and inappropriate drug prescription among the elderly in Kashan City, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was designed, conducted, and reported according to the guideline of Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE). A random sample of 368 elderly who lived in Kashan City, Iran, was selected through cluster sampling technique. Data collection tools were a demographic questionnaire and a drug checklist. The obtained data were analyzed by the Chi-squared test, logistic regression analysis, and Odds Ratio (OR) in SPSS. Results: In total, 308 (88%) participants used at least one drug. The Mean±SD scores of daily consumed drugs and the number of inappropriate drugs taken daily by the study participants were 6.21±3.52 and 0.28±0.62, respectively. Most of the study participants were taking more than two drugs (n=267, 86.68%) and more than four drugs (n=200, 64.9%) per day. The OR of DDI among the study participants who were taking =2 drugs per day was 2.49 times greater than those who were taking one or two drugs (OR=2.49, 95% confidence interval=1.20-5.18). The most frequent DDIs were between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and beta-blocker agents (n=84, 18.22%) and between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and nitrates (n=46, 9.9%). Conclusion: The rate of inappropriate drug use among the elderly living in Kashan, Iran, is low, however, polypharmacy and DDIs are highly prevalent among them. To reduce the rates of DDI and polypharmacy, educational programs for different healthcare providers are required to improve their knowledge. Moreover, further studies are needed to assess the effects of polypharmacy and DDI preventive measures, like drug history cards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hip fracture causes significant disabilities in many elderly people. Many studies around the world have identified various risk factors for the hip fracture. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the risk factors of hip fractures. This study is a systematic review of risk factors for hip fractures. All published papers in English and Persian languages on patients in Iran and other countries between 2002 - 2022 were examined. The search strategy used keywords matching the mesh, including : predictors, hip fracture, and disability. Articles were selected from international databases (PubMed, Proquest ,Web of Sience, Scopus, Google scholar and Persian(Sid,Magiran), and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias. The study has identified several factors that were significantly correlated with the risk of hip fracture, including age, cigarette and alcohol consumption, visual and hearing problems, low BMI levels, history of falling, weakness, and diseases such as stroke, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, arthritis, diabetes, dementia, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, liver and kidney diseases, bone density, osteoporosis, vertebral fracture, and hyperthyroidism. However, the study did not find any significant correlations between the consumption of calcium and vitamin D, history of fractures, cognitive disorders, schizophrenia, and household income, and the risk of hip fracture. The results of this study reveal the determining role of some risk factors in hip fracture in older persons. Therefore, it is recommended that health policy makers provide the possibility of early intervention for some changeable factors., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 International Journal of Preventive Medicine.)