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To solve the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) path planning problem, a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm called competitive game optimizer (CGO) is proposed. In the CGO model, three phases of exploration and exploitation, and candidate replacement, are established, corresponding to the player's search for supplies and combat, and the movement toward a safe zone. In the algorithm exploration phase, Levy flight is introduced to improve the global convergence of the algorithm. The encounter probability which adaptively changes with the number of iterations is also introduced in the CGO. The balance between exploration and exploitation of solution space of optimization problem is realized, and each step is described and modeled mathematically. The performance of the CGO was evaluated on a set of 41 test functions taken from CEC2017 and CEC2022. It was then compared with eight widely recognized meta-heuristic optimization algorithms. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm successfully achieves a balanced trade-off between exploration and exploitation, showcasing remarkable advantages when compared to seven classical algorithms. In addition, in order to further verify the effectiveness of the CGO, the CGO is applied to 8 practical engineering design problems and UAV path planning, and the results show that the CGO has strong performance in dealing with these practical optimization problems, and has a good application prospect.

In this paper, the ensemble consider Kalman filter is proposed to mitigate the negative effects of uncertain parameters in nonlinear dynamic and measurement models. The ensemble Kalman filter can avoid using the Jacobian matrices and reduce the computational complexity, the unknown parameters of the models still are not considered. By incorporating the statistics of the uncertain parameters into the state estimation formulations and using an augmented-state approach, the ensemble integration is reset by resampling the ensemble members in the new step, and the EnCKF algorithm is derived. Two numerical simulations show that the presented EnCKF can mitigate the negative effects of the uncertain parameters., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, conference