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32. Investigation on different materials after pulsed high field conditioning and low-energy H- irradiation.

Author

Serafim, C., Peacock, R., Calatroni, S., Djurabekova, F., Fontenla, A. T. Perez, Wuensch, W., Sgobba, S., Grudiev, A., Lombardi, A., Sargsyan, E., Ramberger, S., Bellodi, G., Levko, Dmitry, Li, Zhongshan, and Lou, Xiaoyuan

Subjects
ELECTRIC breakdown, ELECTRIC fields, TOTAL body irradiation, IRRADIATION, MATERIALS testing, QUADRUPOLES
Abstract

During operation, the radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) of the LINAC4 at CERN is exposed to high electric fields, which can lead to vacuum breakdown. It is also subject to beam loss, which can cause surface modification, including blistering, which can result in reduced electric field holding and an increased breakdown rate. First, experiments to study the high-voltage conditioning process and electrical breakdown statistics have been conducted using pulsed highvoltage DC systems in order to identify materials with high electric field handling capability and robustness to low-energy irradiation. In this paper, we discuss the results obtained for the different materials tested. To complement these, an investigation of their metallurgical properties using advanced microscopic techniques was done to observe and characterize the different materials and to compare results before and after irradiation and breakdown testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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42. 3D‐Printed Poly(acrylic acid–vinylimidazole) Ionic Polymer Metal Composite Actuators.

Author

Wang, Yuyang, Liang, Yue, Bansode, Archana, Lou, Xiaoyuan, Zhang, Xinyu, Beckingham, Bryan S., and Auad, Maria L.

Subjects
ORGANIC conductors, METALLIC composites, SOLID state proton conductors, ION-permeable membranes, PROTON conductivity, ACTUATORS, CONDUCTING polymers, HYDROGEN bonding interactions
Abstract

Ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMC)—constructed using an ionic polymer sandwiched between metal electrodes—have shown great potential for the fabrication of soft actuators. IPMC architectures have many advantages including low actuation voltage, fast response, basic control, and relatively light weight. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)‐based ion exchange membranes are of particular interest for IPMC devices due to their large ion exchange capacity and ease of preparation; however, they suffer from relatively weak mechanical strength. Here, PAA‐based soft actuators are synthesized with enhanced mechanical properties and proton conductivity through the incorporation of hydrogen bonding interactions with imidazolium groups via copolymerization with 1‐vinylimidazole. In addition to examining the impact of composition on physiochemical (swelling, glass transition, decomposition, Young's modulus, etc.) and electrochemical (specific capacitance) properties, an additive manufacturing process, digital light projection (DLP), is utilized to fabricate complex geometries demonstrating the potential for the fabrication of IPMC devices with complex actuation modalities. Planar DLP 3D‐printed IPMC actuators of varied polymer compositions are fabricated with activated carbon and copper electrodes, and their actuation performance is evaluated in air, where large bending deformation is observed (14°–37°). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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