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Introduction. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is considered one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. It is a high-risk factor for developing early cardiovascular disease and it also affects bone health. Objective. To describe demographic characteristics and biochemical parameters of a population of children with type 1 diabetes, evaluated in the pediatric diabetes unit of a tertiary Spanish hospital. Materials and methods. In this retrospective study, we determined metabolic, lipid, and bone parameters in 124 children with type 1 diabetes who were monitored in the pediatric diabetes unit of the Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet in Zaragoza (Spain) from May 2020 to July 2021. Results. Children with type 1 diabetes have worse metabolic control of the disease at puberty, but their lipid control is considered acceptable. We found an inverse correlation between bone formation markers and disease duration, as well as with metabolic control. Conclusion. Bone formation markers are inversely correlated with the percentage of glycated hemoglobin and diabetes evolution time. Patients’ lipid and bone profiles are more favorable when metabolic control of the disease is achieved.

Introduction: Introduction: vitamin D plays a key role in regulating insulin secretion and its deficit seems to confer an increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus. In this study, we have tried to analyze the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in our type 1 diabetic children population and if their deficiency is related to a worse control of the disease, as well as with their bone and lipid metabolism. Material and methods: this is a retrospective study, in which both clinical and laboratory data were available for 124 children who were controlled in the Pediatric Diabetes Unit of our Hospital. Results: the median vitamin D concentration of the total sample was 25.41 (7.43) ng/ml, higher in males than in females (p = 0.006); 43.55 % of patients had good metabolic control with glycosylated hemoglobin lower than 7.5 %. Slightly lower glucose and cholesterol concentrations and higher bone alkaline phosphatase concentrations were found when vitamin D concentration was ≥ 20 ng/ml. Conclusions: we have not found any significant differences in relation to metabolic control between children with sufficient and insufficient concentration of vitamin D. The children in the present study presented very similar vitamin D concentrations to those found in a study made in healthy children, and a good metabolic control of their diabetes, with bone and lipid profiles being more favorable when they had good metabolic control.

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM-1) is one of the most common chronic childhood diseases, and it is essential to optimize glycemic control in order to avoid complications. For years, interstitial glucose measurement systems (MGI systems) have been among the new technologies at the forefront of self-care., Objectives: To determine the impact on the well-being of the caregivers of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus under 18 years of age, controlled at a Pediatric Diabetes Unit of a third level hospital, of the use of MGI systems., Material and Methods: This was an observational, descriptive and analytical cohort study based on a questionnaire completed by the patients' caregivers, as well as from the patient's clinical history., Results: There were 120 participants (55.5% males), with a mean age 13.20+/-3.71 years and mean glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 7.36%+/-0.90. 52.5% of the sample used MGI systems. The caregivers of patients using MGI systems showed significantly higher scores (p<.05) regarding well-being, compared to the caregivers of patients not using this technology. In the former, a significant improvement (p<.05) in these variables with respect to the values prior to the beginning of their use was observed., Conclusions: The use of MGI systems for diabetes self-management in our study led to a greater sense of well-being on the part of caregivers compared with before their introduction, as well as in comparison with those who continued to perform measurements using daily capillary glycemias., (Copyright © 2020 SEEN y SED. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM-1) is one of the most common chronic childhood diseases, and it is essential to optimize glycemic control in order to avoid complications. For years, interstitial glucose measurement systems (MGI systems) have been among the new technologies at the forefront of self-care., Objectives: To determine the impact on the well-being of the caregivers of patients with DM-1 under 18 years of age, controlled at a Pediatric Diabetes Unit of a third level hospital, of the use of MGI systems., Material and Methods: This was an observational, descriptive and analytical cohort study based on a questionnaire completed by the patients' caregivers, as well as from the patient's clinical history., Results: There were 120 participants (55.5% males), with a mean age 13.20 +/- 3.71 years and mean glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) 7.36% +/- 0.90. 52.5% of the sample used MGI systems. The caregivers of patients using MGI systems showed significantly higher scores (p < 0.05) regarding well-being, compared to the caregivers of patients not using this technology. In the former, a significant improvement (p < 0.05) in these variables with respect to the values prior to the beginning of their use was observed., Conclusions: The use of MGI systems for diabetes self-management in our study led to a greater sense of well-being on the part of caregivers compared with before their introduction, as well as in comparison with those who continued to perform measurements using daily capillary glycemias., (Copyright © 2020 SEEN and SED. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Polyglandular autoimmune syndromes are rare diseases based on autoimmune mechanisms in which endocrine and non-endocrine disorders coexist. In type 1 the characteristic manifestations are chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism and adrenal insufficiency. A case is presented of a patient with typical clinical sequence, along with other changes, and in whom a mutation in homozygosis, C322fsX372, was detected after performing a molecular analysis of autoimmunity regulator gene (AIRE). Inheritance is autosomal recessive, associated with mutations in the AIRE gene, which encodes a protein involved in autoimmunity and immunodeficiency. For diagnosis, At least two of the three major clinical manifestations are required for a diagnosis. However, only one of them is necessary in the study of relatives of affected patients. These syndromes must be diagnosed early, given their high morbidity and mortality. Every manifestation needs to be treated, in order to maintain the quality of life., (Copyright © 2013 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)