48 results on '"Louise Vandelac"'
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2. Introduction numéro spécial : Le Québec urbain face aux défis socio- écologiques du 21e siècle
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Éric Pineault and Louise Vandelac
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Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Published
- 2022
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3. Poisoning Regulation, Research, Health, and the Environment: The Glyphosate-Based Herbicides Case in Canada
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Marie-Hélène Bacon, Louise Vandelac, Marc-André Gagnon, and Lise Parent
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pesticide ,glyphosate ,glyphosate-based-herbicides ,herbicide ,Canada ,Quebec ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Despite discourse advocating pesticide reduction, there has been an exponential increase in pesticide use worldwide in the agricultural sector over the last 30 years. Glyphosate-Based Herbicides (GBHs) are the most widely used pesticides on the planet as well as in Canada, where a total of almost 470 million kilograms of declared “active” ingredient glyphosate was sold between 2007 and 2018. GBHs accounted for 58% of pesticides used in the agriculture sector in Canada in 2017. While the independent scientific literature on the harmful health and environmental impacts of pesticides such as GBHs is overwhelming, Canada has only banned 32 “active” pesticide ingredients out of 531 banned in 168 countries, and reapproved GBHs in 2017 until 2032. This article, based on interdisciplinary and intersectoral research, will analyze how as a result of the scientific and regulatory captures of relevant Canadian agencies by the pesticide industry, the Canadian regulation and scientific assessment of pesticides are deficient and lagging behind other countries, using the GBH case as a basis for analysis. It will show how, by embracing industry narratives and biased evidence, by being receptive to industry demands, and by opaque decision making and lack of transparency, Health Canada’s Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) promotes commercial interests over the imperatives of public health and environmental protection.
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- 2023
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4. Quand des pesticides empoisonnent la recherche, la réglementation et la démocratie: L’Affaire Roundup à la lumière des Monsanto Papers
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Louise Vandelac
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Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Recension d’ouvrage: Seralini, G.-E.; Douzelet, J. L'affaire Roundup à la lumière des Monsanto Papers. Paris: Éditions Actes Sud, 2020.
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- 2021
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5. Quand des pesticides empoisonnent la recherche, la réglementation et la démocratie
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Louise Vandelac
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Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Never in the history of science has been published such a detailed account of the attacks and perfidious manipulations of an agribusiness giant to destroy the reputation and life of one of the most published scientists on its flagship product : Bayer-Monsanto's Roundup, the world's best-selling pesticide and a glyphosate-based herbicide used on GMOs designed to absorb it without dying, a key to agro-industrial concentration. Gilles-Éric Seralini, a molecular biologist and university professor, subject of these persecutions which led him to file seven defamation lawsuits - all won - could have never suspected the scope and severity of these attacks whose main strings are revealed in this exceptional investigative account. Indeed, this analytical work, based on Seralini's first-hand experience and on, something utterly unique, 2.5 million pages of internal documents from Bayer-Monsanto, the Monsanto Papers, declassified during the first American trials against Bayer-Monsanto of the 125.000 victims of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), attributed to Roundup, and on the 20.000 pages where Seralini's name appears 55.952 times. Thus, for discerning the company's dubious schemes too clearly, he became its target. Without losing sight of the essential points, Seralini and Douzelet expose the agrochemical giant’s tremendous power to manipulate information to conceal Roundup’s toxicity, but above all, the extent of its strategies to subvert the very foundations of public regulations intended to protect health and the environment. As a result, it is the regulation of all pesticides that is targeted, with its huge economical stakes, but more significantly, a vital one for health, food, and biodiversity. To oppose opacity and lies, they therefore shed light on the Monsanto Papers (U.S. Right to Know [online] URL : https://usrtk.org/), provide access to scientific articles [online] URL : www.seralini.fr, and expose the landmarks of this saga in a recent seminar [online] URL : https://www.unicaen.fr/recherche/mrsh/forge/6930.
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- 2021
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6. Introduction
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Louise Vandelac and Frédérick Lemarchand
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Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Published
- 2021
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7. Pesticides: Le Talon d’Achille des politiques alimentaires canadiennes et québécoises
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Marie-Hélène Bacon, Louise Vandelac, and Sébastien Petrie
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pesticides ,herbicides à base de glyphosate ,politique alimentaire ,canada ,agroalimentaire ,évaluation ,santé ,environnement ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Comment expliquer que le projet de politique alimentaire du Canada ignore le dossier des pesticides alors que la récente politique bioalimentaire du Québec évoque vaguement la question, mais sans engagements significatifs? Pourquoi évacuer ainsi l’analyse des enjeux et des effets sanitaires et environnementaux préoccupants des pesticides et notamment du glyphosate, premier pesticide au monde, en croissance exponentielle, qui, déclaré cancérogène probable par le Centre international de recherche sur le cancer (CIRC) de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS) (IARC, 2015), constitue au Canada 56 pour cent des pesticides agricoles et 44 pour cent de ceux du Québec (Santé Canada, 2017a; MDDELCC, 2017)? Presqu’omniprésent dans les champs, les cours d’eau agricoles et dans 30 pour cent des aliments au Canada, le glyphosate est l’objet de vives controverses scientifiques et citoyennes dans le monde entier (Robin, 2008, 2018). En Europe, sa ré-autorisation, suite à deux ans de vives controverses a été limitée à 5 ans. Aux États-Unis, 3,500 victimes d’un lymphome non-hodgkinien attribué au Roundup, premier herbicide à base de glyphosate (HBG) en importance au monde, poursuivent en justice son principal fabricant Monsanto (Gonzague & Michel, 2017) alors qu’en France et en Argentine, des poursuites pour malformations congénitales s’amorcent également contre Monsanto (Foucart, 2018). Cet article examine, dans une approche interdisciplinaire et intersectorielle, les facteurs de la montée en puissance des HBG, leurs principaux effets sur l’environnement et la santé, et les lacunes d’évaluation et d’encadrement des pesticides, contribuant à leur diffusion massive et à leurs effets. Il met aussi en évidence que les projets et politiques alimentaires canadiennes et québécoises, centrés sur le développement de modèles agro-industriels intensifs et technicisés d’exportation soumis à une conception de croissance économique, sont peu compatibles avec les exigences de protection de la biodiversité, de la santé et de la sécurité alimentaire. Or, dans un contexte de globalisation des marchés et d’accords de libre-échange avec l’Europe, plus soucieuse du Principe de Précaution et de droits des consommateurs, la négligence de ces enjeux écologiques et sanitaires risque d’en constituer le talon d’Achille. How do we account for the fact that the proposed Food Policy for Canada ignores the issue of pesticides while Quebec’s recent Bio-Food policy vaguely evokes the question, but without significant commitments? Why unpack the issues and the worrying health and environmental effects of pesticides and in particular of glyphosate, the foremost pesticide in the world, declared a probable carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and the World Health Organization (WHO) (IARC, 2015)? This compound constitutes 56 percent of agricultural pesticides in Canada and 44 percent of those in Quebec (Health Canada, 2017a; MDDELCC, 2017). Almost ubiquitous in fields, agricultural streams and in 30 percent of food in Canada, glyphosate is the subject of intense scientific and citizen controversy around the world (Robin, 2008, 2018). In Europe, its re-authorization, following two years of heated controversy, was limited to 5 years. In the United States, 3,500 victims of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma attributed to Roundup, the world's leading glyphosate-based (HBG) herbicide, are suing its main manufacturer Monsanto (Gonzague & Michel, 2017) while in France and Argentina, lawsuits for congenital malformations are also beginning against Monsanto (Foucart, 2018). Using an interdisciplinary and intersectoral approach, this article examines the factors that have contributed to the rise of HBGs, their main effects on the environment and health, and the gaps in the evaluation and supervision of pesticides, contributing to their mass dissemination. It also highlights that Canadian and Quebec food projects and policies, centered as they are on the development of intensive and technicized agro-industrial models for export and subject to the demand for economic growth, are hardly compatible with the requirements of biodiversity protection, health and food safety. Further, in a context of market globalization and free trade agreements with Europe, more concerned with the Principle of Precaution and consumer rights, neglect of these ecological and health issues constitutes something of an Achille’s heel.
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- 2018
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8. Manifeste pour une sortie de crise par l’écologie
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Yohan Ariffin, Christian Arnsperger, Floran Augagneur, Guillemette Bolens, Nicolas Bouleau, Dominique Bourg, Isabelle Cassiers, Gauthier Chapelle, Éric Duchemin, Marc Dufumier, Benoît Faraco, Augustin Fragnière, Benoît Frund, Jean-David Gerber, Gaël Giraud, Pierre Henry Gouyon, Alain Grandjean, Marek Hudon, Nicolas Hulot, Gérald Hess, Claire Jaquier, Jean Jouzel, Alain Kaufmann, Etienne Klein, Pietro Majno, Jacques Mirenowicz, Cécile Ostria, Déborah Philippe, Cécile Renouard, Philippe Roch, Adèle Thorens Goumaz, and Louise Vandelac
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ressources naturelles ,changement climatique ,économie ,Sommet de la terre ,Rio+20 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Published
- 2012
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9. In vitro effects of PCDDs/Fs on NK-like cell activity of Eisenia andrei earthworms
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Hayet Belmeskine, Sami Haddad, Louise Vandelac, and Michel Fournier
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PCDD/Fs, immunosuppression, NKlike activity, flow cytometry, earthworms. ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 ,Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 - Abstract
In this study, we assessed in vitro the effects of PCDD/Fs on the NK-like cell activity in Eisenia andrei earthworms using flow cytometry for analysis. NK-like coelomocytes isolated from E. andrei and used as effectors were exposed to various concentrations of PCDDs/Fs mixture, C1 (6.25x10-3 ng 2378- TCDD/mL), C2 (12.5x10-3 ng 2378-TCDD/mL) and C3 (25x10-3 ng 2378-TCDD/mL), before adding them to human tumoral cells (K562) used as targets. We evaluated the percentage of targets lysed by Nk-like cells. The results showed a significant stimulation of the NKlike activity at C3 when PCDD/Fs were not removed from effectors before contact with targets, while no effects were noted when the effectors were washed (PCDD/Fs removed) or fixed. Assessment of the viability of the targets (K562), exposed alone and separately from effectors, to the three concentrations of PCDD/Fs, C1, C2 and C3, showed that all these concentrations were cytotoxic for K562. Results suggest that PCDD/Fs concentrations tested in this assay may be considered too low to induce suppressive effects on the immune function such as the NK-like activity in E. andrei earthworms.
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- 2012
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10. Effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans on phagocytic response of Eisenia andrei coelomocytes
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Hayet Belmeskine, Pauline Brousseau, Sami Haddad, Louise Vandelac, and Michel Fournier
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PCDDs/Fs, earthworms, Eisenia andrei, immunosuppression, phagocytosis, coelomocytes. ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 ,Toxicology. Poisons ,RA1190-1270 - Abstract
The immunotoxicological effects of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs) mixtures on Eisenia andrei earthworms have never been studied. In this work we investigated these effects both for in vitro and in vivo exposure, using the viability and the phagocytic activity of coelomocytes as immunological biomarkers and the flow cytometry was used for analysis. The in vitro exposure revealed a cytotoxic effect of PCDD/Fs mixture (C2) containing 50¥10-3 ng/mL of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD and an induction of the phagocytic capacity at the mixture (C1) containing 25¥10-3 ng/mL of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD. In the in vivo filter paper exposure, the immunocompetence of earthworms was assessed after 3 h-exposure to mixtures of PCDD/Fs at the levels of C1, C2, C3 and C4 containing about; 0.05, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.83 ng of 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD/cm², respectively. Morphological observations showed an excessive secretion of mucus and body surface lesions in worms exposed to higher concentrations (C3 and C4), which revealed that these organisms were affected by PCDD/Fs either through skin and/or by feeding. The levels of the extruded cell yield decreased significantly at all the concentrations tested. However, the cell viability was shown to be unaffected by PCDD/Fs concentrations. It was also shown, that exposure to the highest PCDD/Fs concentrations; C2, C3 and C4 inhibited both phagocytic activity and efficiency.
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- 2011
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11. De l’impensé du corps à sa mise en joue : chirurgies esthétiques ou l’effritement des limites
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Louise Vandelac
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Political science (General) ,JA1-92 ,Sociology (General) ,HM401-1281 - Abstract
Dans l’univers du remodelage généralisé du vivant, où la chirurgie esthétique n’est qu’un symptôme d’une vague de réification et d’instrumentalisation du corps humain, marquant de son empreinte l’élaboration même de la pensée et de la culture, comment penser ces transformations du corps, ce roc du réel, ce creuset des métaphores sexuelles et ce support vivant de l’Être et de l’Altérité ? Comment comprendre ce recours croissant aux prothèses, liposuccions, lifting, etc. prétendant permettre, à corps défendant ou à corps perdu, de conjurer les signes du temps, d’ajouter une plus-value identitaire ou de s’échapper de soi-même ? Quand ces chirurgies s’inscrivent dans un contexte de technologies convergentes et d’essor du génie tissulaire, comment ne pas s’inquiéter du silence de l’État face à ce marché du remodelage corporel et à ses dérives ?
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- 2008
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12. Inondations de 2017 à 2019 à Pierrefonds-Roxboro
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Clémentine Rose Tchuitchou Dueyou and Louise Vandelac
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- 2022
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13. Chapitre XIII. Nouveaux territoires de la culture scientifique et technique : érosion de la culture ou démocratisation des technosciences ?
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Donna Mergler and Louise Vandelac
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- 2018
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14. Nanofoods: Environmental, Health, and Socioeconomic Risks or the Achilles’ Heel of Nanotechnologies?
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Simon Beaudoin, Louise Vandelac, and Christian Papilloud
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Economic growth ,Work (electrical) ,Annual percentage rate ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,European union ,Market share ,League ,China ,Competitive advantage ,Socioeconomic status ,media_common - Abstract
After more than 20 years of laboratory and research and development (R&D) work, advances in the nanotechnology eld permeate almost all research areas in live and material sciences (e.g., chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, engineering). They are widely commercialized owing to substantial help from public authorities, themselves banking heavily on the competitive advantages touted by the industry (Roco 2005). Since early 2000, more than 60 countries in the world show strong activities in this eld. The major league players, including the United States, China, South Korea, the European Union, Russia, and Japan (PCAST 2012), accelerate their strategic development plans in the hope of better market shares (EEB 2009). The rise of nanotechnologies can also be clearly observed through the multiplication of specialized and vernacular publications (from a little more than 30,000 in 1998 to more than 100,000 in 2009; cf. ObservatoryNANO 2011), as well as the increasing annual rate of patent submissions (+34.5% between 2000 and 2008; cf. Dang et al. 2010).
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- 2016
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15. Toxic effects of PCDD/Fs mixtures on Eisenia andrei earthworms
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Louise Vandelac, Michel Fournier, Hayet Belmeskine, Sami Haddad, Sébastien Sauvé, Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Département de santé environnementale et santé au travail, Département des sciences de l'environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire de chimie environnementale, and Département de Chimie
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Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins ,Polymers ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Eisenia andrei ,NK-like cells ,Dioxins ,Soil ,Phagocytosis ,Animals ,Soil Pollutants ,Earthworms ,Ecotoxicology ,Oligochaeta ,Biotic potential ,Benzofurans ,Persistent organic pollutant ,Toxicity ,biology ,Chemistry ,Earthworm ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Pollution ,Eisenia ,[SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology ,Environmental chemistry ,Soil water - Abstract
International audience; The earthworms Eisenia andrei were used to study the toxicity of PCDD/Fs mixtures to earthworms during 28 day of exposure. The experiments were performed on artificial soils contaminated with dioxins at levels of C1 (0.1 ng 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD/g soil), C2 (1 ng 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD/g soil) and C3 (1.5 ng 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD/g soil). Effects of PCDD/Fs on survival, growth rate and immune responses; phagocytosis and NK-like cell activity, were determined. No mortality was observed at the lowest concentration (C1), while mortalities of 10 and 100% were noted at the highest concentrations tested C2 and C3, respectively. A significant reduction in growth rate was obtained at C2 and no effects at C1. Additionally, an inhibition of phagocytic activity and efficiency was observed at higher concentrations. In contrast, an enhancement of NK-like cell activity was shown at lower concentrations. Based on our results, we hypothesize that the PCDD/Fs mixtures tested at levels equal or higher to C2 (1 ng 2378-TCDD/g soil), lead to adverse effects on biotic potential and immune functions in E. andrei earthworms.
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- 2012
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16. Factors to consider before production and commercialization of aquatic genetically modified organisms: the case of transgenic salmon
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Gilles-Eric Séralini, Joseph Caron, Olivier Le Curieux-Belfond, and Louise Vandelac
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Regulation of genetic engineering ,Aquaculture ,business.industry ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Wildlife ,AquAdvantage salmon ,Genetically modified crops ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,business ,Food safety ,Commercialization ,Genetically modified organism ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Many genetically modified plants have been developed, and four of them (soya, maize, cotton, and colza) representing more than 99% of commercial crops, are widely distributed, mainly in the United States and in America [ISAAA, 2006. Report on global status on biotech/GM crops, Brief 35. International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications organization, US]. Yet all over the world policy is still in development in regard to authorization of modified plants and modified and/or cloned animals for food or feed and for their environmental release. The most advanced animal commercial projects concern various fish species, more easy to genetically transform, notably because conception and development take place in water and easy access to numerous eggs. A request for authorization to introduce genetically modified (GM) salmon onto the market has been presented to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the US. In the interim, questions have been raised concerning the impacts of transgenic salmon, modified for productivity, on aquaculture, wildlife, ecosystems and on human health. Herein we review these scientific studies and sanitary, environmental, social and economic arguments. This paper analyses current gaps in the knowledge of the impacts of transgenic fish and proposes legislation orientations necessary for environmental and sanitary protection, should the marketing of animal genetically modified organisms (GMOs) be authorized.
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- 2009
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17. Le participatory technology assessment : entre renouveau démocratique, candeur politique et urgence…
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Louis-Joseph Saucier and Louise Vandelac
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Au Québec et au Canada, alors que la transgenèse à visées alimentaires a jusqu’à présent été imposée par faits accomplis successifs, quels peuvent être les dispositifs d’information, d’évaluation scientifique et sociale et de débats publics susceptibles de combler le déficit démocratique pour que les décisions soient davantage éclairées, viables et socialement responsables ? Pour répondre à cette question, cet article examine la méthode participative en évaluation des technosciences, le participatory technology assessment (PTA). Le rôle d’un exercice de PTA – à travers l’appropriation sociale ou politique – apparaît comme fortement tributaire de l’ampleur et de l’intensité du débat public sur l’enjeu technoscientifique abordé, de même que de l’attitude de gouvernants susceptibles de lire dans la controverse publique la nécessité de rassurer les citoyens. Loin de constituer une panacée démocratique, le PTA peut néanmoins être considéré comme un outil salutaire d’appropriation collective des enjeux de la transgenèse à visées alimentaires. While transgenesis for foods production have been imposed through successive “faits accomplis” in Québec and Canada, what type of information, scientific and social evaluation and public debate strategies are susceptible to make up for the democratic deficit that would allow more enlightened, sustainable and socially responsible decision-making? In an attempt to address this vast question, this article focuses on the analysis of the participatory approach in technoscientific evaluation, through so-called Participatory Technology Assessment (PTA). After having traced the historic filiation between the “classic” Technology Assessment, the european Constructive Technology Assessment and the PTA, the paper examines some of the important factors favoring the emergence of the participatory approach. Finally, our study will uncover the relationship between formal plans of deliberation and the informal processes before focusing on the major obstacles of the PTA. The role of a PTA exercise – via either political or social appropriation – appears to be strongly benefit from the intensity and scope of the public debate on the technoscientific issue addressed, as well as the attitude of the governments susceptible to understand, in the public controversy, a need to reassure citizens. Far from representing a democratic panacea, the PTA can nonetheless be considered a beneficial tool for the collective appropriation of some of the issues raised by transgenic foods debate.
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- 2015
18. Hair Manganese and Hyperactive Behaviors: Pilot Study of School-Age Children Exposed through Tap Water
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Louise Vandelac, François Laforest, Maryse F. Bouchard, Donna Mergler, and David C. Bellinger
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Male ,Adolescent ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,CPRS-R ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Manganese ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Tap water ,children ,Water Supply ,Environmental health ,Environmental monitoring ,Medicine ,Humans ,well water ,Child ,Psychomotor Agitation ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ,0303 health sciences ,School age child ,Schools ,Inhalation ,business.industry ,Ecology ,Water pollutants ,Research ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Quebec ,hair ,3. Good health ,CTRS-R ,chemistry ,Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders ,Psychiatric status rating scales ,Children's Health ,Epidemiological Monitoring ,Female ,business ,hyperactive behaviors ,Biomarkers ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Background Neurotoxic effects are known to occur with inhalation of manganese particulates, but very few data are available on exposure to Mn in water. We undertook a pilot study in a community in Québec (Canada) where naturally occurring high Mn levels were present in the public water system. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that greater exposure to Mn via drinking water would be reflected in higher Mn content in hair which, in turn, would be associated with increased level of hyperactive behaviors. Methods Forty-six children participated in the study, 24 boys and 22 girls, 6–15 years of age (median, 11 years). Their homes received water from one of two wells (W) with different Mn concentrations: W1: mean 610 μg/L; W2: mean 160 μg/L. The Revised Conners’ Rating Scale for parents (CPRS-R) and for teachers (CTRS-R) were administered, providing T-scores on the following subscales: Oppositional, Hyperactivity, Cognitive Problems/Inattention, and ADHD Index. Results Children whose houses were supplied by W1 had higher hair Mn (MnH) than those supplied by W2 (mean 6.2 ± 4.7 μg/g vs. 3.3 ± 3.0 μg/g, p = 0.025). MnH was significantly associated with T-scores on the CTRS-R Oppositional (p = 0.020) and Hyperactivity (p = 0.002) subscales, after adjustment for age, sex, and income. All children with Oppositional and Hyperactivity T-scores ≥ 65 had MnH > 3.0 μg/g. Conclusions The findings of this pilot study are sufficiently compelling to warrant more extensive investigations into the risks of Mn exposure in drinking water.
- Published
- 2006
19. Une situation ambiguë : les hommes qui enseignent en études sur les femmes
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Louise Vandelac, Denise Léonard, Margrit Eichler, and Huguette Dagenais
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General Economics, Econometrics and Finance - Abstract
Issu d'une vaste recherche intitulée Canadian Women's Studies Project, cet article analyse les réponses d'hommes qui ont enseigné des cours sur les femmes/féministes dans les universités canadiennes à des questions portant sur leur rôle dans ce champ. La situation de ces professeurs apparaît meilleure que celle des professeures, ils renncontrent moins de difficultés dans leur enseignement et ce sont les hommes qui, comme aux femmes, leur causent le plus de problèmes. Selon leurs motivations, ces hommes peuvent être regroupés en quatre types : 1) ceux qui ont un engagement émotif envers la cause des femmes; 2) ceux qui s'intéressent à la justice sociale en général; 3) ceux qui sont intellectuellement stimulés par la production féministe; et 4) les pragmatiques. Ironiquement, les hommes les plus sensibles aux contradictions de leur position sont les plus susceptibles d'y enseigner sur une base temporaire seulement alors que ceux qui sont le moins sympathiques au féminisme revendiquent, au contraire, le droit pour les hommes d'enseigner en études sur les femmes/féministes., This paper is part of a larger study on Women's Studies Professors. It examines the response male professors gave when reflecting on their own role in women's studies. The employment situation of male professors teaching women's studies is superior to that of female professors as a group, they experience fewer problems in teaching these courses than do women, and most problems (for both female and male professors) originate from men, not women. In examining the motivations of men in teaching such courses, we found four distincts types : 1) men who are emotionally committed to the cause of women, 2) men with a generalized interest in social justice issues, including for women, 3) men who are intellectualy stimulated by feminist scholarship, and 4) pragmatically oriented men who see the field as a growth area. The ironic conclusion is that those men who are most aware of and sensitive to the dynamics of men teaching women's studies are least likely to do so on a continuing basis, while those who are least supportive of feminist goals claim the right to do so.
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- 2005
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20. Technologies de la reproduction ; L’irresponsabilité des pouvoirs publics et la nôtre
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Louise Vandelac
- Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Alors que s'annonce une ciise majeure de la fertilité humaine due notamment aux œstrogènes synthétisés, crise risquant d'accélérer la fuite en avant de technologies de la reproduction coûteuses, inefficaces, aux effets ¡atrogènes et aux dérives problématiques qui bouleversent la conception des êtres humains et de l'humanité et qui fissurent les frontières mêmes de l'espèce, le Canada n'a toujours pour seule politique, après dix ans de débats et une Commission royale de trente millions de dollars, qu'un moratoire " volontaire ". II demeure ainsi, jusqu'à nouvel ordre, l'un des rares pays à laisser explicitement au seul libre-arbitre individuel et aux lois du marché des champs de recherche et d'intervention comme la modification génique germinale; les hybrides animal-humain; la production d'embryons à partir d'ovules de fœtus et de cadavres; l'ectogénèse, le clonage, le sexage, etc., pratiques si lourdes de sens que nombre de pays les ont interdites. Par son retard endémique à intervenir, " le meilleur pays du monde " serait-il en train de nous faire glisser dans " le meilleur des mondes " ?, In spite of the development of a major crisis in human fertility associated particularly with synthesized oestrogens, a crisis which risks accelerating the relentless pursuit of costly and inefficient reproduction technologies whose iatrogenic effects and problematical shifts in direction are having a profound effect on the conception of human beings and of humanity, and are threatening what we understand as the very frontier of the species, Canada's only policy sofar, after ten years of debates and a $30 million Royal Commission, is a "voluntary" moratorium. It is one of a few rare countries which has left fields of research such as genetic modification of the reproductive cell, animal-human hybrids, production of embryos from ovaries of foetuses and corpses; ectogenesis, cloning, gender determination, etc., all practices of such gravity that many countries have outlawed them, explicitly and completely to individual free choice and the laws of the market. By its endemic lateness in reacting, would "the best country in the world" be letting us slip into the "best of all worlds"?, Mientras se perfila una crisis mayor de la fertilidad humana asociada en particular a los eoestrógenos sintéticos, crisis que puede acelerar la fuga hacia adelante de las tecnologías de reproducción costosas, ineficaces, con efectos iatrógenos y desviaciones problemáticas, que altera la concepción del ser humano y de la humanidad y que desdibujan la frontera misma de la especie, Canadá tiene hasta ahova como única política, luego de 10 años de debates y de una Comisión Real de $3U millones, una moratoria " voluntaria ". De esta manera, Canadá es uno de los pocos países que déjà explícitamente al libre albedrío individual y a las leyes del mercado, ciertos campos de investigación y de intervención como la modificación genética germinal; los híbridos entre animales y humanos; la producción de embriones a partir de óvulos de fetos y cadáveres; la ectogenética, el " clonaje ", el " sexaje ", etc., prácticas tan cargadas de sentido que fueron prohibidas en numerosos países. ¿Por su retraso endémico para intervenir, " el mejor país del mundo " no nos estará llevando hacia el " mejor de los mundos " ?
- Published
- 2002
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21. « . . . Et si le travail tombait enceinte??? »
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Louise Vandelac
- Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Si le "travail" ménager n'était pas du "Travail"? Si le concept Travail, son complément Famille et le concept de Nature sur lequel ils s'échafaudent étaient des concepts masculins taisant la lutte politique et économique ayant historiquement opposé les hommes aux femmes pour le contrôle de la production-reproduction de l'espèce, sur laquelle s'est édifiée la société patriarcale et productiviste?, What if housework were not "Work"? What if the concept of work along with its complement, family, and the concept of nature on which they are built were masculine concepts concealing the political and economic struggle which has historically opposed men and women over the control of the production-reproduction of the species upon which patriarchal and productivist society has been built?, Y si el "trabajo" doméstico no fuera "trabajo"? Y si el concepto de Trabajo, su complemento Familia y el concepto de Naturaleza sobre el que echan sus bases fueran conceptos masculinos, callando la lucha política y económica que históricamente ha opuesto los hombres a las mujeres por el control de la produccio'n-reproduccio'n de la especie, sobre la que se ha edificado la sociedad patriarcal y productivista?
- Published
- 2002
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22. Will we be taught ethics by our clones? The mutations of the living, from endocrine disruptors to genetics
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Marie-Hélène Bacon and Louise Vandelac
- Subjects
Male ,Cloning, Organism ,Reproduction (economics) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Prudence ,Fertility ,Disease ,Reproductive technology ,Endocrine System Diseases ,Reproductive Techniques ,Humans ,Medicine ,Ethics, Medical ,media_common ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Environmental ethics ,General Medicine ,Bioethics ,Technological fix ,Biotechnology ,Reproductive Medicine ,Infertility ,Humanity ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,business - Abstract
Considering the worldwide threat to health and reproduction related to endocrine disruptors (by-products of the chemical industry); considering the untrammelled development of the industrialization and engineering of the living, ethics and gynaecology/obstetrics itself is at a crossroads. Endocrine disruptors (derived from organochlorines and persistent organic pollutants such as PCBs, dioxins and furans, and pesticides such as aldrin, chlordane and DDT), are prime suspects in the deterioration of fertility and intellectual faculties and possibly a key factor in endometriosis, breast cancer and prostate cancer. The long-term and pernicious impacts of endocrine disruptors show our poor understanding of the complexities of life's mechanisms. Paradoxically, with our short-term perspectives and predilection for a technological fix, the problem posed by endocrine disruptors may accelerate the use of reproductive technologies such as ICSI and even cloning, as well as the dissemination of genetically modified organisms. The cure could be worse than the disease. Given the gravity of the challenge to humanity related to the chemical erosion of human health, the mutation of human conception introduced by reproductive technologies and by the drive to genetically modify nature and even human nature, we must urgently re-evaluate the direction in which our societies are headed and the reliance on profit-oriented technology to save us from ourselves. In these circumstances, the collective exercise of wisdom, prudence and responsibility towards the essence and integrity of humanity has become, more than ever, an ethical, and perhaps even a survival, imperative.
- Published
- 1999
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23. Technologies de la reproduction
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Louise. Vandelac
- Published
- 2007
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24. impossible travail des femmes
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Louise Vandelac
- Published
- 2007
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25. Menace sur l?espèce humaine--, ou, Démocratiser le génie génétique
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Louise Vandelac
- Published
- 2007
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26. L'état, problèmes sociaux et législation sociale
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Jean-Robert. Sansfaçon and Louise Vandelac
- Published
- 2007
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27. ́thique de la parole donnée
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Louise. Vandelac and null .
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- 2007
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28. Présentation
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Francine Descarries and Louise Vandelac
- Published
- 2007
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29. Et si le travail tombait enceinte???»
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Louise. Vandelac
- Published
- 2007
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30. Concilier travail et maternité
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Louise Vandelac
- Published
- 2007
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31. famille reconstituée par la biologie
- Author
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Louise Vandelac
- Published
- 2007
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32. Social context, the struggle with uncertainty, and subjective risk as meaning-rich constructs for explaining HBP noncompliance
- Author
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Louise Vandelac, Nicole Leduc, Johanne Collin, Jean-Pierre Grégoire, and Michelle Proulx
- Subjects
Value (ethics) ,Adult ,Male ,Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,Decision Making ,Self Administration ,Social Environment ,Compliance (psychology) ,Treatment Refusal ,Risk-Taking ,Patient Education as Topic ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Adaptation, Psychological ,Humans ,Meaning (existential) ,Deferral ,Antihypertensive Agents ,Qualitative Research ,Aged ,Motivation ,Communication ,Quebec ,Uncertainty ,Social environment ,General Medicine ,Professional-Patient Relations ,Middle Aged ,Vignette ,Hypertension ,Female ,Explanatory power ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Stress, Psychological ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Objective To identify the reasons for which people fail to take blood-pressure-lowering medication regularly, a qualitative study was conducted. Methods Interviews lasting approximately 90 min were conducted with 27 patients (15 women, 12 men) aged 40–70. The verbatim of the 27 interviews was first read and divided into segments with explanatory value. This was followed by the production of a final text in vignette form for all interviews. An integrative, analytical phase consisted of identifying trends, significant central themes, regularities, and divergences in the vignettes. Results Analysis revealed the explanatory power that 3 broad groups of subjective meanings could hold for given medication noncompliance scenarios. These scenarios are expressing the role of: (1) stress and living conditions in the occasional skipping or deferral of medication-taking; (2) doubt as the motivating factor for transitory, irregular medication use; (3) subjective risk as the motivating factor for persistent irregular use. Conclusion Life and social contexts, doubt and risk subsume extremely meaning-rich constructs that can help identify dilemmas facing people about medication-taking. Practice implications By discussing these dimensions with their patients, health professionals will be better able to understand patient medication behaviors that sometimes run counter to their recommendations.
- Published
- 2006
33. À droites toutes !, ou, L'impact 'des droites' sur le féminisme et les rapports de sexes
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Louise Vandelac
- Published
- 2003
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34. Distribution of MnH concentrations with respect to wells
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Maryse Bouchard, François Laforest, Louise Vandelac, David Bellinger, Donna Mergler, Maryse Bouchard, François Laforest, Louise Vandelac, David Bellinger, and Donna Mergler
- Published
- 2011
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35. Quand l’État confie la « protection » de la santé aux entreprises
- Author
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Marie-Hélène Bacon, Rosanna Baraldi, and Louise Vandelac
- Abstract
Dans un premier temps, l’auteur accuse le ministère canadien de la Santé de travailler insidieusement au démantèlement de la Direction générale de la protection de la santé pour dorénavant confier la responsabilité de veiller à la sécurité des aliments et des médicaments à l’industrie privée. Face à cette dangereuse déresponsabilisation des pouvoirs publics, l’auteur reproche ensuite aux instances éthiques leur instrumentalisation politique. Par opposition, il importe de mettre en place une éthique de la responsabilité, chien de garde des instances publiques de recherche, d’examen et de contrôle. First, the author suggests that Health Canada has been working towards desolving the Health Protection Branch in order to give the responsibility of food and drug security to the private sector. In the face of this dangerous transfer of public authorities, the author reproach ethical agencies and their policies. On the other hand, it is essential to initiate an ethic of responsibility that is going to monitor public research agencies.
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- 1999
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36. The International Team in NanosafeTy (TITNT): A Multidisciplinary group for an improvement of Nanorisk Assessment and Management
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Asmus Meyer-Plath, Louise Vandelac, Claude Emond, C. Torkaski, Karim Maghni, C. Sentein, F. Schuster, Olivier Jolliet, C. Rolando, Stéphane Hallé, and S. Hirano
- Subjects
History ,Engineering ,business.industry ,Public policy ,Legislation ,Dynamic assessment ,Computer Science Applications ,Education ,Biosafety ,Work (electrical) ,Multidisciplinary approach ,Engineering ethics ,Environmental impact assessment ,business ,Risk assessment - Abstract
Nanotechnology allows the ability to design many new materials and devices with multiple applications, such as in medicine, electronics, and energy production. However, nanotechnology also raises several concerns about the toxicity and environmental impact of nanomaterials. A report published by the Council of Canadian Academies points out the necessity to respond about many uncertainties associated with risk assessment for ensuring the safety of health and environment. Nanotoxicology (or Nanosafety) is a part of the toxicology science that aims to study adverse effects of nanomaterials or nanoparticles on living organisms. This field includes different aspects from workers prevention to the environment protection. Group of researchers have initiated an international powerful interactive milieu for researchers to work in concert for a global and integrated study of many aspects of nanotoxicology. The International Team in NanosafeTy (TITNT) is composed of research scientists from 5 different countries (Canada, USA, Japan, France and Germany) working together on 6 different specific thematics, and organized as 9 different technology platforms (www.titnt.com). TITNT aims to study different features of nanomaterials related to nanosafety, such as in vivo and in vitro studies, life cycle, occupational protections and monitoring, early biomarkers detection, characterization and nanotoxicokinetic/dynamic assessment during and after nanoparticles synthesis and the societal, public policy and environmental aspects. While the rapid growth of nanotechnology is opening up a floodgate of opportunities, the legislation related is lagging behind mainly because of a lack of knowledge in the biosafety of most nanomaterials. The main goal of TITNT is to improve knowledge in nanosafety science for the benefit of the discipline, for better public policies and for the public itself.
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- 2011
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37. L'« Enviropig » ou le dernier avatar transgénique de l'agrobusiness porcin
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Simon Beaudoin and Louise Vandelac
- Abstract
Quelle place occupe le guerir dans l’ecriture d’Helene Cixous ? Son dernier livre, Hyperreve, en amenant a s’interroger sur les temps ultimes, souleve paradoxalement cette question. Entre la mort toute recente de son ami Jacques Derrida et la presence du corps mourant de sa mere, Helene Cixous a situe le cadre et les conditions de son ecriture autobiographique.Ecrire et soigner le corps maternel mourant participent du meme geste qui tente d’approcher l’irremediable a venir, de le reintroduire dans le quotidien fait des promiscuites intolerables du reel. Ecrire pour venir doubler le corps maternel et tisser ainsi un premier linceul d’ecriture d’avant la mort elle-meme.Face a l’inexorable qui s’annonce, l’espace du reve ouvre une possibilite de « guerison » quand, un instant, vivants et morts se retrouvent. N’est-ce pas cette « guerison » de la mort qui constitue, face au reel, la voie ouverte par Hyperreve ?
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- 2011
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38. La crise, le travail ménager et les féministes italiennes
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Louise Vandelac
- Abstract
Vandelac Louise. La crise, le travail ménager et les féministes italiennes. In: Les Cahiers du GRIF, n°16, 1977. Leur crise nos luttes. pp. 5-18.
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- 1977
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39. Avez-vous des cordes à linge en France ?
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Louise Vandelac
- Abstract
Vandelac Louise. Avez-vous des cordes à linge en France ?. In: Autogestions, NS N°20-21, 1985. Alternatives Québécoises. pp. 12-22.
- Published
- 1985
40. L’engendrement du savoir
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Francine Descarries and Louise Vandelac
- Subjects
General Medicine
41. Clonage ou la traversée du miroir
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Louise Vandelac
- Subjects
General Medicine - Abstract
Dans cet article, l'A s'interroge sur les consequences possibles de l'avenement du clonage humain. C'est dans un univers de technicisation de la procreation, qui a su distiller une conception de plus en plus morcelee et instrumentale de l'engendrement, parfois transforme en production serielle de vivants ( dont certains sont destines a naitre , et d'autres a n'etre que du materiel de laboratoire), que l'A tentera ici de lire l'ethique du temps, a travers les franges du futur clone que certains medias nous annoncent
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42. Herbicides à base de glyphosate et enjeux de droits pour la santé, le travail et les dispositifs évaluatifs et réglementaire
- Author
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Louise Vandelac, Mia Sarrazin, Marie-Hélène Bacon, and Lise Parent
- Subjects
Glyphosate-based herbicides ,travail ,health ,and public policy ,labor ,Herbicides à base de glyphosate ,santé ,politiques publiques - Abstract
En 2015, la France reconnaissait les hémopathies malignes, dont les lymphomes non hodgkiniens (LNH), comme maladies professionnelles liées aux pesticides. Le CIRC de l’OMS déclarait alors le glyphosate et les herbicides à base de glyphosate génotoxiques et cancérigènes probables. Aux États-Unis, 125 000 victimes américaines de LNH attribué au Roundup de Bayer-Monsanto recourraient aux tribunaux qui autorisèrent la déclassification de 2,5 millions de pages de documents internes, les Monsanto Papers, témoignant de décennies de manipulations des dispositifs évaluatifs et réglementaires pour taire la dangerosité du Roundup. Après trois coûteuses condamnations, Bayer-Monsanto signa un règlement hors cours partiel de 11 milliards de dollars américains, et retira du marché, aux ÉtatsUnis, le Roundup à usage domestique. La hausse structurelle des pesticides, passée de 2,3 à 4,1 millions de tonnes de 1990 à 2018, contribuant aux 385 millions de cas par an d’empoisonnement graves et non intentionnels, et leurs impacts menaçants sur le climat, la biodiversité et les limites planétaires, exigent d’aller au-delà des compensations de certaines maladies pour mettre en évidence les responsabilités des firmes productrices, des instances réglementaires et des pouvoirs publics : c’est le cœur de cet article centré sur les HBC, premiers pesticides au monde, au Canada et au Québec et sur leurs liens avec certains cancers, dont les lymphomes non hodgkiniens (LNH)., In 2015, France recognized hematological malignancies, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), as an occupational disease resulting from pesticide exposure. The IARC of the WHO then declared glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides to be genotoxic and probably carcinogenic. In the United States, 125,000 American victims of NHL attributed to Bayer-Monsanto's Roundup have filed lawsuits against the company, while 2.5 million pages of declassified internal documents, the Monsanto Papers, illustrated the incredible manipulations to conceal Roundup’s dangers and to subvert the evaluation and regulatory systems. After three costly convictions, Bayer-Monsanto signed a partial out-of-court settlement of $11 billion and withdrew Roundup from the U.S. domestic market. The structural increase in pesticides, from 2.3 to 4.1 million tons from 1990 to 2018, contributing to the 385 million cases per year of serious and unintentional poisoning, and their threatening impacts on the climate, biodiversity and planetary limits, require going beyond the compensation of certain diseases to highlight the responsibilities of producing firms, regulatory bodies and public authorities : This is the core of this article focused on glyphosate-based herbicides (HBC), the first pesticides in the world, in Canada and Quebec and their links with certain cancers, including non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).
43. L’économie des femmes?
- Author
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Louise Vandelac
- Subjects
General Medicine - Full Text
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44. Écocitoyenneté et sciences citoyennes
- Author
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Louise Vandelac and Lucie Sauvé
- Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science
45. Production alimentaire et pratiques culturales en agriculture urbaine
- Author
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POURIAS, Jeanne, Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, AgroParisTech, Université du Québec à Montréal, Christine Aubry, Louise Vandelac, and Eric Duchemin
- Subjects
montréal ,jardin familial ,food function ,jardin associatif urbain ,community garden ,agronomy ,paris ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,agriculture urbaine ,autoproduction alimentaire ,agronomie de système technique ,jardin communautaire ,urban agriculture ,urban collective garden ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,multifunctionality ,multifonctionnalité ,cropping practice ,fonction alimentaire ,farming system ,jardin collectif ,système de culture ,pratique culturale - Abstract
This PhD in agronomy and environmental sciences, conducted under the joint supervision of UQAM and AgroParisTech on two study areas (Paris, France and Montreal, Qc, Canada) focuses on the analysis of the food function of a non-professional form of urban agriculture: urban collective gardens. It focuses on the importance of this food function from the point of view of gardeners, among other functions they attribute to the gardens, and aims to provide quantified data on gardens’ products. The premise of the thesis is a postulate of coherence between the functions assigned to the gardens by gardeners, their cropping practices and productions of their gardens. The thesis aims therefore at describing these three components and their interrelationships. After defining the research question related to the state of the art on urban agriculture and collective gardens, we discuss the selected methodologies that combine semistructured and structured interviews (questionnaires) with a sample of gardeners in eight gardens of Paris and Montreal, field observation on gardeners cropping practices and measurement of plots production. The results are presented in four chapters. We first show the diversity of regulations that apply to collective gardens, and the recommendations they contained intended to frame the practices of gardeners, highlighting the conflicting aspects that may exist from one regulation to another or even within a regulation. Secondly, we show the complexity of the food function of collective gardens, the central role it plays in the motivations expressed by gardeners and its links with other functions of the gardens. Thirdly, we describe and organize the analysis of gardeners’ cropping practices; we show that they are varied but their consistency can be revealed by the construction of a typology. We then link this typology and the functions assigned to the gardens. We show that the importance given to the food function is correlated to the intensity level of practices, even though gardeners also orientate their practices in respect to other functions they attribute to the garden. Finally, the last chapter of results presents data on production levels in the gardens: we see varying yields and highlight one of the important determinants of yields, namely the intensity of land use. We conclude on the importance of deepening this study of garden productions and related cropping practices after discussing the methodological contributions of the thesis and the limits of our approach.; Cette thèse en agronomie et sciences de l’environnement, menée en co-tutelle entre l’UQAM et AgroParisTech sur deux terrains d’étude (région parisienne et Montréal) porte sur l’analyse de la fonction alimentaire d’une forme d’agriculture urbaine non-professionnelle : les jardins associatifs urbains. Elle s’intéresse à l’importance de la fonction alimentaire des jardins du point de vue des jardiniers, au sein des autres fonctions qu’ils attribuent aux jardins, et a pour objectif d’apporter des éléments quantifiés sur les productions des jardins. Le postulat de départ de la thèse est un postulat de cohérence entre les fonctions attribuées aux jardins par les jardiniers, les pratiques culturales des jardiniers et les productions de leurs jardins. La thèse a donc pour objectif de décrire ces trois volets et leurs liens réciproques. Après avoir exposé la problématique, défini la question de recherche en lien avec l’état de l’art sur l’agriculture urbaine et les jardins associatifs, nous abordons les méthodologies employées qui combinent des entretiens semi-directifs et directifs (questionnaires) auprès d’un échantillon de jardiniers dans 8 jardins associatifs de Paris et Montréal, l’observation sur le terrain des pratiques de ces jardiniers et la mesure des productions des parcelles. Les résultats sont présentés en quatre chapitres. Nous montrons tout d’abord la diversité des textes qui s’appliquent aux jardins associatifs, et les préconisations qu’ils contiennent destinées à encadrer les pratiques des jardiniers, en mettant en évidence les aspects antagonistes qui peuvent exister d’un règlement à un autre ou même au sein d’un règlement. Deuxièmement, nous montrons la complexité de la fonction alimentaire des jardins associatifs, la place centrale qu’elle occupe dans les motivations exprimées par les jardiniers et ses liens avec les autres fonctions des jardins. Troisièmement, nous décrivons et organisons l’analyse des pratiques culturales des jardiniers, et mettons en relation ces pratiques culturales, qui sont variées mais dont la cohérence peut être révélée par la construction d’une typologie, et les fonctions attribuées aux jardins. Nous montrons ainsi que l’importance accordée à la fonction alimentaire est corrélée au niveau d’intensité des pratiques, mais que les jardiniers orientent également leurs pratiques en fonction d’autres fonctions qu’ils attribuent au jardin. Enfin, le dernier chapitre de résultat présente des données sur les niveaux de production dans les jardins : nous observons des rendements variables et mettons en évidence un des déterminants importants des rendements qui est l’intensité de l’utilisation du sol. Nous concluons sur l’importance d’approfondir cette étude des productions en lien avec la connaissance des pratiques après avoir discuté des apports méthodologiques de la thèse et des limites de notre démarche.
- Published
- 2014
46. Analyse agronomique de la fonction alimentaire des jardins associatifs urbains à Paris et Montréal
- Author
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POURIAS, Jeanne, Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, AgroParisTech, Université du Québec à Montréal, Christine Aubry, Louise Vandelac, and Eric Duchemin
- Subjects
montréal ,jardin familial ,food function ,jardin associatif urbain ,community garden ,agronomy ,paris ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,agriculture urbaine ,autoproduction alimentaire ,agronomie de système technique ,jardin communautaire ,urban agriculture ,urban collective garden ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,multifunctionality ,multifonctionnalité ,cropping practice ,fonction alimentaire ,farming system ,jardin collectif ,système de culture ,pratique culturale - Abstract
This PhD in agronomy and environmental sciences, conducted under the joint supervision of UQAM and AgroParisTech on two study areas (Paris, France and Montreal, Qc, Canada) focuses on the analysis of the food function of a non-professional form of urban agriculture: urban collective gardens. It focuses on the importance of this food function from the point of view of gardeners, among other functions they attribute to the gardens, and aims to provide quantified data on gardens’ products. The premise of the thesis is a postulate of coherence between the functions assigned to the gardens by gardeners, their cropping practices and productions of their gardens. The thesis aims therefore at describing these three components and their interrelationships. After defining the research question related to the state of the art on urban agriculture and collective gardens, we discuss the selected methodologies that combine semistructured and structured interviews (questionnaires) with a sample of gardeners in eight gardens of Paris and Montreal, field observation on gardeners cropping practices and measurement of plots production. The results are presented in four chapters. We first show the diversity of regulations that apply to collective gardens, and the recommendations they contained intended to frame the practices of gardeners, highlighting the conflicting aspects that may exist from one regulation to another or even within a regulation. Secondly, we show the complexity of the food function of collective gardens, the central role it plays in the motivations expressed by gardeners and its links with other functions of the gardens. Thirdly, we describe and organize the analysis of gardeners’ cropping practices; we show that they are varied but their consistency can be revealed by the construction of a typology. We then link this typology and the functions assigned to the gardens. We show that the importance given to the food function is correlated to the intensity level of practices, even though gardeners also orientate their practices in respect to other functions they attribute to the garden. Finally, the last chapter of results presents data on production levels in the gardens: we see varying yields and highlight one of the important determinants of yields, namely the intensity of land use. We conclude on the importance of deepening this study of garden productions and related cropping practices after discussing the methodological contributions of the thesis and the limits of our approach.; Cette thèse en agronomie et sciences de l’environnement, menée en co-tutelle entre l’UQAM et AgroParisTech sur deux terrains d’étude (région parisienne et Montréal) porte sur l’analyse de la fonction alimentaire d’une forme d’agriculture urbaine non-professionnelle : les jardins associatifs urbains. Elle s’intéresse à l’importance de la fonction alimentaire des jardins du point de vue des jardiniers, au sein des autres fonctions qu’ils attribuent aux jardins, et a pour objectif d’apporter des éléments quantifiés sur les productions des jardins. Le postulat de départ de la thèse est un postulat de cohérence entre les fonctions attribuées aux jardins par les jardiniers, les pratiques culturales des jardiniers et les productions de leurs jardins. La thèse a donc pour objectif de décrire ces trois volets et leurs liens réciproques. Après avoir exposé la problématique, défini la question de recherche en lien avec l’état de l’art sur l’agriculture urbaine et les jardins associatifs, nous abordons les méthodologies employées qui combinent des entretiens semi-directifs et directifs (questionnaires) auprès d’un échantillon de jardiniers dans 8 jardins associatifs de Paris et Montréal, l’observation sur le terrain des pratiques de ces jardiniers et la mesure des productions des parcelles. Les résultats sont présentés en quatre chapitres. Nous montrons tout d’abord la diversité des textes qui s’appliquent aux jardins associatifs, et les préconisations qu’ils contiennent destinées à encadrer les pratiques des jardiniers, en mettant en évidence les aspects antagonistes qui peuvent exister d’un règlement à un autre ou même au sein d’un règlement. Deuxièmement, nous montrons la complexité de la fonction alimentaire des jardins associatifs, la place centrale qu’elle occupe dans les motivations exprimées par les jardiniers et ses liens avec les autres fonctions des jardins. Troisièmement, nous décrivons et organisons l’analyse des pratiques culturales des jardiniers, et mettons en relation ces pratiques culturales, qui sont variées mais dont la cohérence peut être révélée par la construction d’une typologie, et les fonctions attribuées aux jardins. Nous montrons ainsi que l’importance accordée à la fonction alimentaire est corrélée au niveau d’intensité des pratiques, mais que les jardiniers orientent également leurs pratiques en fonction d’autres fonctions qu’ils attribuent au jardin. Enfin, le dernier chapitre de résultat présente des données sur les niveaux de production dans les jardins : nous observons des rendements variables et mettons en évidence un des déterminants importants des rendements qui est l’intensité de l’utilisation du sol. Nous concluons sur l’importance d’approfondir cette étude des productions en lien avec la connaissance des pratiques après avoir discuté des apports méthodologiques de la thèse et des limites de notre démarche.
- Published
- 2014
47. The gardening practices in front of environmental and sanitary risks of pesticides. The differentiated approaches by France and Quebec
- Author
-
Barrault, Julia, Politiques Publiques, Environnement et Société (PPES), Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-France, Amériques, Espagne – Sociétés, pouvoirs, acteurs (FRAMESPA), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités, Sociétés, Territoires (LISST), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA)-Institut national universitaire Champollion [Albi] (INUC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, Université du Québec à Montréal, Denis Salles et Louise Vandelac(denis.salles@irstea.fr), and Barrault, Julia
- Subjects
marché des pesticides ,[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,[SHS.SOCIO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,responsabilité ,risk prevention ,pesticide market ,pesticides ,santé et environnement ,health and environment ,pesticide certification ,jardins privés ,homologation des pesticides ,responsibility ,private gardens ,political regulation ,régulations politiques ,prévention des risques ,politiques publiques - Abstract
In 2008, the amount of pesticides used by amateur gardeners in the approximately fifteen million private gardens which exist in France and which represent a total area of a million hectares, rose to 3500 tons. Within the framework of a highly growing social awareness regarding health and environment problems and whilst the cut back on the use of pesticides in agriculture represents one of the main political objectives in the field of environmental protection, and Europe defines its chemical substances control policies (REACH), a study on the use of pesticides in gardening practices represents a good observation point to understand representations, dispositions and social practices linked to the use of pesticides in private gardens, to question the announced "greening" of life styles, to appreciate the capacity of the commercial production-distribution chain to manage such problems, and finally to evaluate the impact and direction of public policies to prevent health and environment risks. The results of the thesis are supported by sociological investigations carried out with amateur gardeners, by means of questionnaires (N=900) and interviews (N=24), with producers and distributors of phytosanitary products and with the press specialized in gardening (N=17) in France. The analysis of the pesticides code of management applied since 2003 in Quebec and which constitutes a regulation which prohibits the use and sale of a series of pesticides recognized as the most hazardous health-wise in municipal and private gardens, represents a counterpoint of the French situation. In the case of France, the thesis underlines a sort of composite regulation regarding the sanitary and environmental risks linked to the use of pesticides by amateur gardeners, involving three dimensions. (1) Intimately linked to the marketing mechanisms, this type of regulation attributes the core of the responsibility to the user, considered as the consumer to be blamed, while public authorities consider the firms which produce the pesticides as economic operators whose competitive advantages must be considered, seeking to respect the dynamics of offer and demand as well as controlling this market based on product certification. (2) It adopts the principles of the one-man society where the individual would be the main reference of the dynamics of contemporary societies and the regulator of collective problems based on his consumer choices and his individual position-taking. (3) It is located in a context where the State has lost its central position under the double influence of "Europeanization" and "decentralization" and where the types of political regulations are characterized by less interventionist forms of government, which can be defined as "politics without politics". The composite regulation of domestic pesticides has an implicit postulate which attributes the responsibility of the risks involved to the users and which, in case of leaving an open door to the potential reduction of the use of products, tends to limit their exclusion as well as the possibilities of a transition towards pesticide free gardening., L'utilisation des pesticides par les jardiniers amateurs s'est élevée à 3500 tonnes environ en 2008 pour les quinze millions de jardins privés que compte la France, ce qui représente une surface totale d'un million d'hectares. Dans le contexte d'une sensibilité sociale croissante aux problématiques sanitaires et environnementales, alors que la réduction des pesticides en agriculture est affichée comme un objectif politique du Grenelle de l'environnement et que l'Europe définit des politiques de contrôle des substances chimiques (REACH), une étude de l'usage des pesticides dans les pratiques de jardinage constitue un bon observatoire pour comprendre les représentations, les dispositions et les pratiques sociales liées à l'usage des pesticides dans les jardins privés, pour questionner l'écologisation annoncée des modes de vies, pour apprécier la capacité de la chaine de production-distribution commerciale à se saisir d'une telle problématique, et finalement pour évaluer la direction et l'impact des politiques publiques de prévention des risques sanitaires et environnementaux. Les résultats de la thèse s'appuient sur des enquêtes sociologiques menées auprès de jardiniers amateurs (par questionnaire (N=900) et par entretiens (N=24)), auprès de fabricants et de distributeurs de produits phytosanitaires et de la presse spécialisée jardin (N=17) en France. Un contrepoint à la situation française est apporté par une analyse du Code de gestion des pesticides appliqué depuis 2003 au Québec et qui constitue une régulation de type réglementaire qui interdit l'utilisation et la vente d'une partie des pesticides reconnus comme étant les plus dangereux pour la santé dans les municipalités et les jardins privés. La thèse met en évidence, dans le cas de la France, une forme de régulation composite des risques sanitaires et environnementaux liés aux usages des pesticides par les jardiniers amateurs, qui comporte trois principales dimensions. (1) Intimement articulée aux mécanismes de marché, cette forme de régulation impute l'essentiel de la responsabilité à l'utilisateur considéré en tant que consommateur à responsabiliser, alors que les autorités publiques considèrent les firmes de pesticides comme des opérateurs économiques dont les avantages compétitifs sont à valoriser, veillant donc à respecter la dynamique de l'offre et de la demande tout en se chargeant d'encadrer ce marché par l'homologation des produits. (2) Elle épouse les principes de la société singulariste où l'individu serait la référence centrale de la dynamique des sociétés contemporaines et le régulateur des problèmes collectifs par ses choix de consommation et ses prises de positions individuelles. (3) Elle s'opère dans un contexte où l'État a perdu sa centralité sous la double influence de l'européanisation et de la décentralisation et où les modes de régulations politiques sont caractérisés par des formes moins dirigistes de gouvernement pouvant être définies comme des " politiques sans politique ". La régulation composite des pesticides domestiques est porteuse d'un postulat implicite qui impute la responsabilité des risques aux usagers et qui, si elle laisse ouverte la voie à une potentielle réduction de l'usage des produits, tend à limiter leur exclusion et réduit les possibilités d'une transition vers un jardinage sans pesticides.
- Published
- 2012
48. Les pratiques de jardinage face aux risques sanitaires et environnementaux des pesticides : les approches différenciées de la France et du Québec
- Author
-
Barrault, Julia, Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, Denis Salles, and Louise Vandelac
- Subjects
[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology ,Health ,Prévention des risques ,Risk prevention ,Environment ,Jardins privés ,Private gardens ,Pesticide certification ,Homologation des pesticides ,Environnement - Abstract
In 2008, the amount of pesticides used by amateur gardeners in the approximately fifteen million private gardens which exist in France and which represent a total area of a million hectares, rose to 3500 tons. Within the framework of a highly growing social awareness regarding health and environment problems and whilst the cut back on the use of pesticides in agriculture represents one of the main political objectives in the field of environmental protection, and Europe defines its chemical substances control policies (REACH), a study on the use of pesticides in gardening practices represents a good observation point to understand representations, dispositions and social practices linked to the use of pesticides in private gardens, to question the announced “greening” of life styles, to appreciate the capacity of the commercial production-distribution chain to manage such problems, and finally to evaluate the impact and direction of public policies to prevent health and environment risks.The results of the thesis are supported by sociological investigations carried out with amateur gardeners, by means of questionnaires (N=900) and interviews (N=24), with producers and distributors of phytosanitary products and with the press specialized in gardening (N=17) in France. The analysis of the pesticides code of management applied since 2003 in Quebec and which constitutes a regulation which prohibits the use and sale of a series of pesticides recognized as the most hazardous health-wise in municipal and private gardens, represents a counterpoint of the French situation.In the case of France, the thesis underlines a sort of composite regulation regarding the sanitary and environmental risks linked to the use of pesticides by amateur gardeners, involving three dimensions. (1) Intimately linked to the marketing mechanisms, this type of regulation attributes the core of the responsibility to the user, considered as the consumer to be blamed, while public authorities consider the firms which produce the pesticides as economic operators whose competitive advantages must be considered, seeking to respect the dynamics of offer and demand as well as controlling this market based on product certification. (2) It adopts the principles of the one-man society where the individual would be the main reference of the dynamics of contemporary societies and the regulator of collective problems based on his consumer choices and his individual position-taking. (3) It is located in a context where the State has lost its central position under the double influence of “Europeanization” and “decentralization” and where the types of political regulations are characterized by less interventionist forms of government, which can be defined as “politics without politics”. The composite regulation of domestic pesticides has an implicit postulate which attributes the responsibility of the risks involved to the users and which , in case of leaving an open door to the potential reduction of the use of products, tends to limit their exclusion as well as the possibilities of a transition towards pesticide free gardening.; La thèse met en évidence, dans le cas de la France, une forme de régulation composite des risques sanitaires et environnementaux liés aux usages des pesticides par les jardiniers amateurs, qui comporte trois principales dimensions. (1) Intimement articulée aux mécanismes de marché, cette forme de régulation impute l’essentiel de la responsabilité à l’utilisateur considéré en tant que consommateur à responsabiliser, alors que les autorités publiques considèrent les firmes de pesticides comme des opérateurs économiques dont les avantages compétitifs sont à valoriser, veillant donc à respecter la dynamique de l’offre et de la demande tout en se chargeant d’encadrer ce marché par l’homologation des produits. (2) Elle épouse les principes de la société singulariste où l’individu serait la référence centrale de la dynamique des sociétés contemporaines et le régulateur des problèmes collectifs par ses choix de consommation et ses prises de positions individuelles. (3) Elle s’opère dans un contexte où l’État a per¬du sa centralité sous la double influence de l’européanisation et de la décentralisation et où les modes de régulations politiques sont caractérisés par des formes moins dirigistes de gouvernement pouvant être définies comme des « politiques sans politique ». La régulation composite des pesticides domestiques est porteuse d’un postulat implicite qui impute la responsabilité des risques aux usagers et qui, si elle laisse ouverte la voie à une po¬ten-tielle réduction de l’usage des produits, tend à limiter leur exclusion et réduit les possibilités d’une transition vers un jardinage sans pesticides.
- Published
- 2012
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