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While computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can solve a wide variety of fluid flow problems, accurate CFD simulations require significant computational resources and time. We propose a general method for super-resolution of low-fidelity flow simulations using deep learning. The approach is based on a conditional generative adversarial network (GAN) with inexpensive, low-fidelity solutions as inputs and high-fidelity simulations as outputs. The details, including the flexible structure, unique loss functions, and handling strategies, are thoroughly discussed, and the methodology is demonstrated using numerical simulations of incompressible flows. The distinction between low- and high-fidelity solutions is made in terms of discretization and physical modeling errors. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the approach is capable of accurately forecasting high-fidelity simulations.

To evaluate whether the use of low-fidelity otoscopy simulation improved medical students' theoretical knowledge of middle ear anatomy and pathologies compared to traditional teaching methods.This was a randomized controlled trial. Simulation workshops were conducted in April 2019 in the Lyon Sud University medical faculty, France. Students were randomly assigned to the simulation group (n=105) or to the control group (n=95). The students in the control group answered a questionnaire evaluating theoretical knowledge (25 true-false questions) before the simulation tutorial, while the students in the simulation group answered the same questions after the tutorial. Both groups also filled out a satisfaction questionnaire for feedback.196 of the 200 students who participated in the study completed the knowledge assessment questionnaire. Scores were 32.0% higher in the simulation group than in the control group (mean scores, 12.0/20 vs. 9.1/20; P0.0001). 184 of the 191 students who completed the satisfaction questionnaire (96.3%) were satisfied or very satisfied with the workshop, and all but one (99.5%) recommended keeping it in the curriculum. In the free comments fields, students highlighted the educational value of learning without the stress of patient discomfort.Otoscopy simulation is an effective training method, improving theoretical knowledge compared with conventional theoretical training.

Background Simulation-based training on obstetric management has demonstrated promising results. However, its impact has not been well documented particularly in low and middle income countries. Therefore, this study aimed to test the effectiveness of a low fidelity simulation-based training intervention in improving knowledge and skills of nurses on Active management of third stage of labor (AMTSL). Methods A quasi experimental study including 172 randomly selected nurses using low fidelity simulation-based training was conducted. Baseline, immediate and retention assessments were done. Findings Overall knowledge and skills on AMTSL were significantly improved after simulation training, skills retained even after six months. Conclusions A low fidelity simulation intervention showed positive change in knowledge and skills immediately after intervention and skills were highly retained even after six months of training.

Background: Good patient documentation writing skills are an essential component of a nurse's portfolio to satisfy the professional and legal requirements of record keeping. Traditionally, however, documentation is viewed as a dry topic as it is not always applied well to practical situations; therefore, this topic readily lends itself to being delivered in an innovative and engaging way. This pilot study used a low fidelity simulated “courtroom” session to teach this essential nursing skill to undergraduate nurses. Method: The pilot study took place with three cohorts of undergraduate nurses ( n = 200) from all four fields of nursing in the second year of a 3-year Bachelor of Science nursing program. Results: These results were captured in a variety of ways and evaluated using Kirkpatrick and Kirkpatrick's four-level evaluation model. The results indicated that the simulation engaged and focused students in an interactive way. Conclusion: The pilot study results indicated that a move away from traditional didactic teaching to a more customized method of learning accommodates the documented trends of learning styles across different generations. This pilot study has led to a university-wide study involving students and staff from three different faculties. [ J Nurs Educ . 2021;60(7):414–418.]

We present a low-cost, simple simulation model of major vascular injury repair for cardiothoracic trainees. This model uses commercially available orthopedic elastic bands to allow repetitive practice of the skills necessary during these rare but critical clinical scenarios. Practicing core skills in the simulation setting will help residents be better prepared when the situation arises.

U ovom radu napravljen je modularni sustav koji uključuje simulaciju kontrole zračnog prometa niže razine vjernosti te izračun i vizualizaciju niza značajki koje predstavljaju indikatore performanci i kompleksnosti zračnog prometa tijekom simulacijskih vježbi. U tom smislu, programsko ostvarenje u ovom radu predstavlja jednu ograničenu demonstraciju šireg koncepta sveobuhvatnijeg praćenja performanci i kompleksnosti zračnog prometa u stvarnom vremenu tijekom simulacijskog treninga u domeni kontrole zračnog prometa. Na temelju uvida u relevantnu literaturu definiran je skup značajki kompleksnosti zračnog prometa i performanci pri upravljanju zračnim prometom prikladan za okvire ovoga diplomskoga rada. Oblikovana je višeprocesna arhitektura cjelokupnog sustava u kojoj simulacija i sustav za izračun i vizualizaciju značajki, kao odvojeni procesi, komuniciraju preko TCP konekcije. Unutar sustava za izračun i vizualizaciju značajki, računanje značajki i njihov prikaz izvode se u različitim procesima, koji komuniciraju primjenom zajedničke memorije. Za potrebe vizualizacije značajki izabran je radarski grafikon. Simulacija zračnog prometa programski je ostvarena u pogonskom sustavu Unity, a sustav za izračun i vizualizaciju značajki u programskom jeziku Python. Prikazani su i komentirani ostvareni rezultati te je zaključeno da oni ispunjavaju postavljene ciljeve. In this thesis, a modular system was made that includes the simulation of air traffic control of a lower level of fidelity and the calculation and visualization of a series of features that represent indicators of the performance and complexity of air traffic during simulation exercises. In this sense, the implementation in this work represents a limited demonstration of a broader concept of more comprehensive monitoring of the performance and complexity of air traffic in real time during simulation training in the domain of air traffic control. Based on an insight into the relevant literature, a set of characteristics of the complexity of air traffic and performance in air traffic management suitable for the framework of this diploma thesis was defined. A multi-process architecture of the entire system was designed in which the simulation and the system for calculation and visualization of features, as separate processes, communicate via TCP connection. Within the feature calculation and visualization system, the feature calculation and their display are performed in different processes, which communicate using shared memory. For the purpose of visualizing the features, a radar chart was chosen. The simulation of air traffic is programmed in the game engine Unity, and the system for calculation and visualization of features in the programming language Python. The achieved results were presented and commented on, and it was concluded that they meet the set goals.

Objectives Minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy (SCP) is a compelling surgical procedure that requires advanced laparoscopic suturing and dissection skills and knowledge of pelvic retroperitoneal anatomy. The aim of this study was to develop a low-cost laparoscopic SCP model and educational curriculum to improve dissection and suturing skills along with anatomic knowledge to avoid complications. Methods The pelvic SCP model was developed with easily available material that was placed on the commercial pelvic bone model to construct a vagina, major vessels, ureter, peritoneum, and areolar tissue. A comprehensive curriculum encompassing didactic and technical skills components on the pelvic model was used to teach laparoscopic SCP. Participants completed precurriculum and postcurriculum multiple-choice questionnaires to evaluate the didactic component. A modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (OSATS) tool was used to measure technical skills before and after technical skills curriculum. Results Among the 10 senior residents, 6 (60%) were studying at their fourth postgraduate year, and 3 (30%) were studying at their third postgraduate year. Postcurriculum test scores (14.5 vs 10.6) for assessment of cognitive knowledge were significantly improved (P < 0.001). The median postcurriculum OSATS scores (26.5; range, 18-30) were significantly improved (P = 0.005). Laparoscopic SCP OSATS scores increased from median 21 to median 26.5 after cognitive and technical curriculum, showing a 21.4% improvement. The majority (70%) of residents believed that the SCP model would be useful to enhance skills acquisition before performing the skill in the operating room. Conclusions A low-fidelity laparoscopic SCP curriculum showed improvement in cognitive knowledge and technical skills.

Research on the risk-need-responsivity model has consistently demonstrated that programs that adhere to this model demonstrate greater reductions in recidivism. However, research often focuses on s...

Background and Aim: Blood collection from dogs is the most commonly performed procedure in the medical clinic. However, different factors can interfere with the quality of the material collected, potentially causing complications for patients. Simulated skill training is a teaching strategy designed to provide early training to students, develop their skills and self-confidence, and increase the procedure's success while reducing complications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate skill training using a low-fidelity simulator in the peripheral venipuncture procedure and examine the training's influence on the in vivo procedure. Materials and Methods: To assess skill training, this study used a low-fidelity simulator in the peripheral venipuncture procedure and examines the training's effect on the in vivo procedure. In total, 100 dogs, 65 undergraduate students, 3 veterinarians, and 4 previously trained evaluators participated. The canine in vivo venipuncture procedure was evaluated both before and after the simulated skill training and the low-fidelity simulator training. Data were collected on participants' self-confidence levels. Results: Local complications occurred during in vivo practice; however, after training, they decreased. Gloves were more frequently used during the procedure, resulting in a reduction of both harvest attempts and complications, as well as increased levels of self-confidence in post-training participants. The simulator developed had low fidelity, low cost, and was easy to create. Conclusion: Skill training in peripheral venipuncture using a low-fidelity simulator positively influences student learning, increases their self-confidence during in vivo harvesting, and reduces the complications of the procedure, improving patient well-being.

Background Simulation in a pharmacology nursing class has positive outcomes related to knowledge and confidence in undergraduate nursing education. The purpose of this study is to explore the use of simulation on knowledge, confidence, and competence in a prelicensure graduate pharmacology class. Sample A convenience sample was comprised of graduate prelicensure nursing students (N = 44) enrolled in a nursing pharmacology course. The sample was divided into an experimental (n = 21) and control (n = 23) group. Method This was a quasi-experimental comparison group pre/posttest research study. The Medication Administration Competence and Confidence Scale (MACCS) and the Medication Safety Knowledge Assessment (MSKA) were used to measure student confidence, competence, and knowledge prior to and then following three low-fidelity simulation-based experiences (SBE). Results The experimental group had a statistically significant difference in both self-reported confidence in safe medication administration and pharmacology knowledge. Conclusion Simulation is an effective teaching method for teaching graduate prelicensure students safe medication administration.

A significant amount of work is performed on various aerofoil profiles to improve their characteristics for wind turbine applications. The main purpose is to increase the power output of wind turbines by increasing the lift-to-drag ratio of the aerofoil blade sections. However, most of the developed aerofoil profiles work well only at their design angles of attack and for low Reynolds numbers with a very dramatic stall that could significantly influence the characteristics of the aerofoil profiles and the performance of wind turbines. The present paper is conducted to develop a new aerofoil profile with more gradual stall characteristics that works efficiently for different operational conditions (clean and rough working conditions) similar to those encountered by wind turbines in the free environment. The new aerofoil profile was developed based on a combination between experimental Box–Behnken design and XFOIL code, measurements, and 2D simulation conducted by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The established aerofoil can be used for wind turbine blades because it gives high lift-to-drag-ratios with very smooth and gradual stall characteristics even under very rough operating conditions.

Globally, the population is living longer and by 2050, it is predicted to reach 2.1 billion people. Sensory and cognitive impairments are common long-term conditions among older Europeans and have considerable functional, social, emotional and economic impacts on the individual and those caring for them. Nurses have frequent encounters with patients with these impairments and are expected to prioritise people, assess their needs and accommodate practice to meet these needs. In order to develop the requisite knowledge and understanding to support people living with these impairments, student nurses require an immersive and experiential approach to learning as opposed to just information transfer. This study reports on a cross-sectional analysis of a low fidelity simulation on sensory impairments as part of a wider dementia curriculum in semester one of the undergraduate nursing programme at the University of Highlands and Islands. Findings from an online questionnaire-based survey and content analysis of free text responses revealed that students found the simulation activities critical for gaining subject knowledge, understanding and insight. This study concluded that low-fidelity simulation of sensory/cognitive impairments, within the context of a broader curriculum of supportive activities, can be effective at developing relevant knowledge, understanding and gaining insights in this subject area among undergraduate nursing students.

Introdução: O movimento da Escola Nova traz o aluno como protagonista no processo de aprendizagem. As metodologias ativas colaboram neste protagonismo, uma vez que o aluno aprende através da exploração dos conteúdos. Nesse sentido, a segurança do paciente também envolve a participação de todos e a utilização de metodologias ativas pode contribuir para essa finalidade. Portanto, deve ser abordada em cursos de graduação e pós-graduação na área da saúde, favorecendo a internalização do conteúdo para os acadêmicos. Objetivo: Relatar a experiência do uso de metodologias ativas na disciplina eletiva de qualidade e segurança do paciente em um Curso de Medicina. Metodologia: Relato de experiência, descritivo, de uma disciplina eletiva ministrada em 2019, em uma faculdade privada de Medicina do interior de São Paulo. Resultados: Foram utilizadas as metodologias de viagem educacional para abordar a importância da segurança do paciente, da cultura de segurança e dos erros de medicação; Game sobre o Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente e a RDC 36; Simulação de baixa fidelidade sobre o check list de cirurgia segura e um Team-Based Learning (TBL) sobre Lesão por Pressão. Conclusão: É possível afirmar que as metodologias foram eficazes, tendo em vista que, na avaliação somativa, 92,8% dos alunos apresentaram notas acima da média. Os alunos foram protagonistas na construção do seu conhecimento sobre a temática de segurança do paciente, além de contribuir com a sua capacidade crítica e reflexiva. THE USE OF ACTIVE LEARNING METHOD FOR PATIENT SAFETY DISCIPLINE: AN EXPERIENCE REPORT ABSTRACT Introduction: The New School movement presents the student as the protagonist in the learning process. The active learning methods corroborate with such protagonism considering that the student learns from content investigation. In this regard, patient safety also involves everybody’s participation and the use of active learning methods may contribute to this purpose. Therefore, it may be approached in graduation and post-graduation programs from the health field, favoring the scholar’s content internalization. Purpose: Reporting an experienced case of the use of active learning methods for the elective discipline for patient quality and safety in Medical School. Method: Experience report, descriptive, of an elective discipline taught in 2019, at a private Medical School in the countryside of São Paulo. Results: The method of the field trip was used to approach the importance of patient safety, culture, and medication errors; Game about the National Patient Safety Program and RDC 36; Low fidelity simulation of the safe surgery checklist and a Team-Based Learning (TBL) about Pressure Injury. Conclusion: It is possible to state that the methods were effective, since, in the summative evaluation, 92,8% of the students presented above-average grades. The scholars were protagonist in the construction of their knowledge of patient safety issues, besides contributing to their critical and thoughtful capability. Keywords: Patient Safety. Teaching. Learning. Education and Medical School Graduation.

During medical education, medical students are often frustrated by difficulties in translating theoretical anatomical knowledge and basic surgical skills (suturing, tissue and instrument handling, and local anesthetic administration) into practice. A common etiological factor for this difficulty, among others, is lack of a low-cost and easy-to-assemble low fidelity suturing model. The purpose of this study is the demonstration of a validated, practical, inexpensive, hand-shaped anatomy training model. It is addressed to medical students and graduates that wish to get acquainted with neurovascular anatomy of the hand and improve their basic surgical skills. The model requires only two latex gloves, cotton, and two different color markers per trainee to draw the course of large nerve and vessels. Construction requires less than 15 minutes. For validation, 80 students participated as volunteers in the demonstration course. They evaluated course usefulness and their own confidence after the course. According to the 5-point Likert scale, the participants’ confidence increased in a statistically significant way (p < 0.05). All participants (100%) stated that their skills were “significantly improved” in terms of instrument handling, anatomy studying, performing digital anesthesia, and suturing technique. Overall experience was rated as “satisfactory” or above. The proposed model enables safe gentle soft-tissue handling, and it resembles a realistic human tissue. Low cost, availability, and fast construction are the most important characteristics, making this validated training model appropriate for acquiring fundamental local anesthesia, respect for hand neurovascular anatomy, and suturing skills.

OBJECTIVE: Develop and describe a set of low-cost hemorrhoidectomy task trainer prototypes in the setting of inadequate junior resident surgical skill preparation for anorectal cases. DESIGN: This is a study comparing expert and novice performance and opinions. Three task trainers were developed to simulate dissecting, knot-tying, and suturing in a confined space, like the anus. Participants were asked to dissect the peel off of an orange, tie seven 2-handed knots on a weight, and close a defect in a piece of felt with a running stitch. An 8 oz mason jar was used to simulate the confined space. in an 8oz mason jar. Participants were asked to fill out a 5-point Likert-based evaluation regarding the skills. The primary outcome was time to complete each task in seconds. Secondary outcome measures were number of errors associated with each task, subjective achievability of tasks, and utility of tasks for improving surgical skills. SETTING: General surgery residency program at a safety-net academic center PARTICIPANTS: Forty subjects participated in this study. There were 20 experts (seven attending surgeons, thirteen PGY-1 - PGY-5 surgical residents) and 20 novices (eleven 3rd and nine 4th year medical students). RESULTS: Experts knot-tied (59s vs 140s, p

The inguinal canal anatomy is of paramount clinical significance due to the common occurrence of direct and indirect inguinal hernias. However, the inguinal canal is often an area of great difficulty for medical students to understand. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of a low-cost, low-fidelity inguinal canal model as a teaching and learning aid. A low-fidelity inguinal canal model was introduced as a learning aid in an anatomy tutorial on the inguinal region. Students were randomised into intervention (n = 66) and control (n = 40) groups. Following the tutorial, all students completed a multiple-choice question quiz on the inguinal canal. The intervention group also completed a questionnaire evaluating the positive and negative aspects of the model. Students taught with the inguinal canal model achieved higher scores (mean: 88.31% vs 81.7%, p = 0.087). Positive aspects of the model as described by the students included its simplicity and ability to improve their three-dimensional understanding of the inguinal canal. Students requested more hands-on time with the model during the tutorial. The present study supports current literature in that low-fidelity anatomy models are a useful adjunct to aid students’ learning of complex anatomical concepts. Students may benefit from creating their own inguinal canal model to retain as a personal study tool.

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Sensibilisierung von klinisch tatigen Mitarbeitenden fur die unerwunschten Gefahren und Risiken moderner Gesundheitsversorgung im Krankenhaus ist auch in gut entwickelten Gesundheitssystemen eine kontinuierliche und methodische Herausforderung. Ein innovativer und zugleich organisatorisch mit geringem technischen Aufwand (low-fidelity) umsetzbarer Simulationsansatz zur interdisziplinaren, teambasierten Schulung von patientensicherheitsrelevanten Risikokonstellationen sind sogenannte „Rooms of horrors“. Die Umsetzbarkeit und Akzeptanz eines solchen, niederschwelligen Simulationstrainings zu prufen ist Gegenstand dieser Evaluierungsstudie. Methode Fur die Simulation des Room of horrors wurde ein fiktives Patientenzimmer inkl. im Bett liegender Patientenpuppe in einem Krankenhaus eingerichtet. Weitere Artefakte wie z.B. Nachttisch, Medikamente und Patientenakte vervollstandigten die Simulation, in der 12 typische Fehler bzw. latente patientensicherheitsrelevante Risiken platziert wurden. Einzelpersonen oder Kleingruppen (2-5 Teilnehmende) sollten nach einem kurzen Briefing moglichst viele dieser Fehler entdecken. Nach Beendigung der Simulation erfolgte eine direkte Auswertung der erreichten Fehlerdetektionsrate und ein kurzes Debriefing; die Teilnehmenden wurden zudem mittels strukturierter Fragebogen um inhaltliches Feedback zur Patientensicherheitssimulation gebeten. Ergebnisse Innerhalb von drei Tagen wurde der Room of horrors von insgesamt 89 Personen (27 Teams und 6 Einzelpersonen) besucht. Uber alle Teilnehmenden (n = 89) betrug die durchschnittliche Detektionsrate 8,54 von 12 versteckten Fehlern (71%), wobei Teams ein leicht besseres Ergebnis aufwiesen. Nahezu alle der befragten Teilnehmenden empfanden die spielerische Simulation des Room of horrors als lehrreich, profitierten davon und betonten den Nutzen des Teamaustauschs. 91% der Simulationsteilnehmenden erkannten ein falsches Patientenarmband und einen Joghurt auf dem Beistelltisch trotz dokumentierter Laktoseintoleranz, noch 88% eine auserhalb der Reichweite des Patienten installierte Rufglocke. Die wenigsten Personen (24%) erkannten die fehlende Indikation fur einen Dauerkatheter und eine Doppelverordnung von Paracetamol (42%). Diskussion Im Vergleich mehrerer internationaler Studien zu Rooms of horrors zeigt sich, dass die vorliegende Studie eine relativ hohe durchschnittliche Detektionsrate (71%) aufweist, obwohl ein groser Anteil der Teilnehmenden nicht im arztlichen oder pflegerischen Dienst tatig ist. Es ist nicht uberraschend, dass Teams durchschnittlich mehr Fehler gefunden haben als Einzelpersonen. Dies begunstigt unter anderem die These, dass ein diskursiver Austausch und der Dialog am Patientenbett die Patientensicherheit bzw. das Situationsbewusstsein fur klinische Risiken erhohen. Die durchweg positiven Ruckmeldungen decken sich mit den Evaluationsergebnissen anderer Kliniken und belegen somit die Akzeptanz von simulationsbasierten Vor-Ort-Trainings. Auch blieb der organisatorische und finanzielle Aufwand (mit Ausnahme der entstehenden Personalausfallzeiten durch die Simulationsteilnahme) sehr gering. Die Evaluierungsstudie bestatigt die generelle Umsetzbarkeit und Teilnehmerakzeptanz. Schlussfolgerung Die Studie liefert keine Erkenntnis daruber, inwiefern die Teilnahme an der Simulation das Verhalten und das Situationsbewusstsein der Teilnehmenden tatsachlich beeinflussen. Bei den Teilnehmenden wird aber zumindest temporar die Sensibilitat fur die realen Risiken moderner Patientenversorgung im Krankenhaus erhoht. Der Room of horrors kann niederschwellig an unterschiedliche Lernziele und Settings angepasst werden und ist ein fur viele Zielgruppen einsetzbares, flexibles und praxisnahes Lernarrangement. Im Verhaltnis zum betriebenen organisatorischen und finanziellen Aufwand kann die Durchfuhrung ausnahmslos empfohlen werden.

Background COVID-19 poses many challenges to healthcare systems and workers. Responding to medical emergencies in patients with suspected COVID-19 will require new guidelines and protocols. Simulation can support their development. Methods We organised seven simulations involving patients with suspected COVID-19 for staff at Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals. Participants completed pre- and post-simulation questionnaires. Results Fifty-six staff participated and they reported being significantly less prepared to respond to an emergency in a patient with suspected COVID-19 than in one in whom it is not suspected. The simulations significantly improved the participants9 confidence in responding to emergencies in patients with suspected COVID-19. Numerous challenges were identified along the themes of equipment, personnel, communication and procedures. Conclusions Low-fidelity simulation can provide relevant and timely information on how prepared health systems and their workforce are to respond to emergencies. We urge NHS trusts nationally to implement simulations to identify problems and develop effective solutions.

We describe the process and results of a study into the needs of a sleep diary for children that are suffering of insomnia. Applying a methodology oriented on the user we have identified needs of patients and professionals, transcribed them into functional and non-functional requirements, and created a low fidelity prototype.

Objectives To evaluate the effect of simulator fidelity on procedure skill training through a review of existing studies. Methods MEDLINE, OVID and EMBASE databases were searched between January 1990 and January 2019. Search terms included “simulator fidelity and comparison” and "low fidelity" and "high fidelity" and “comparison” and “simulator”. Author classification of low- and high-fidelity was used for non-laparoscopic procedures. Laparoscopic simulators are classified using a proposed schema. All included studies used a randomized methodology with two or more groups and were written in English. Data was abstracted to a standard data sheet and critically appraised from 17 eligible full papers. Results Of 17 studies, eight were for laparoscopic and nine for other skill training. Studies employed evaluation methodologies, including subjective and objective measures. The evaluation was conducted once in 13/17 studies and before-after in 4/17. Didactic training only or control groups were used in 5/17 studies, while 10/17 studies included two groups only. Skill acquisition and simulator fidelity were different for the level of training in 1/17 studies. Simulation training was followed by clinical evaluation or a live animal evaluation in 3/17 studies. Low-fidelity training was not inferior to training with a high-fidelity simulator in 15/17 studies. Conclusions Procedure skill after training with low fidelity simulators was not inferior to skill after training with high fidelity simulators in 15/17 studies. Some data suggest that the effectiveness of different fidelity simulators depends on the level of training of participants and requires further study.

Lack of female involvement in ICT field calls for new approaches to ICT education. Serious game is an effective tool for learning, so it can be used to motivate and engage female students to study Computing. Engagement elements for serious game were identified from previous researches and a conceptual model for gender-based engagement using serious game was constructed. In this paper, the model validation of a low fidelity prototype using heuristic evaluation technique for educational game is discussed. The heuristic scale was adapted from previous studies, comprise of playability and enjoyment constructs. In addition, educational elements items are also included. The scale was then validated for content validity, and a pilot study with four (5) HCI experts. Finally, five (5) experts from HCI, Game and Computer Networking subject evaluate the model using this scale. Results of the evaluation showed that the model’s constructs have good usability, playability, enjoyment. Future work will be to validate the model using high fidelity working prototype and user testing.

With nursing personnel in short supply, innovative approaches to teaching such as the use of virtual reality (VR) can be one way to attract more students to this field. The beneficial effects of VR in terms of customer motivation, satisfaction, and loyalty suggest that the application of VR application is also feasible in learning settings. However, the implementation of VR software can be expensive. This paper compares a high-interaction fidelity approach (complex and costly implementation) and a low-fidelity approach (a simple and less costly prototype). An experiment with nursing students was conducted to compare the two approaches regarding their effect on self-efficacy, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, trust, and intention to use. No relevant or significant differences between high- vs low-interaction fidelity implementation were found. Therefore, we recommend low fidelity approaches to VR use in delivering basic nursing education as they are easier and less costly to implement without having a negative effect on other relevant constructs.

Multifidelity (MF) metamodels have become a popular way to combine a small number of expensive high-fidelity (HF) sample points and many cheap low-fidelity (LF) sample points to make a trade-off be...

Background Thoracic injuries present many challenges for management in the acute and inpatient settings, including achieving appropriate pain control. Traditional modalities, such as opioids and spinal epidural anesthesia, are associated with multiple complications. Ultrasound-guided regional nerve blocks are becoming more prevalent, and they have been shown to be an effective modality of pain control for other traumatic injuries. Models comprised of animal tissue to simulate human anatomy are widely utilized to facilitate training of needle-guided procedures, but no such model for the serratus anterior plane block has yet been defined in the literature. Objectives Our goal was to produce a high-functionality serratus anterior plane block model with reasonable anatomic fidelity from low-cost materials. Discussion We describe the creation of an inexpensive high-functionality serratus anterior plane block model from common materials, including pork ribs and chicken breasts, to realistically simulate human anatomy, including multiple muscle and fascial planes, as well as to allow hydrodissection. Conclusions This model will facilitate training and can improve success when caring for patients with thoracic trauma.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: يتقن طلاب الطب الإجراءات والمهارات من خلال عدد من العناصر، بما في ذلك القدرة على فهم الأهداف التعليمية لمهام محددة. تبحث هذه الدراسة في عمليات تحديد أهداف التعلم التي حددها طلاب الطب، وما إذا كان اختيار المحاكاة الدقيقة يؤثر على هذه القدرة في دورات المهارات السريرية الأساسية وطب المسنين بجامعة لوبلن الطبية. طرق البحث: قام ما مجموعه ١٢١ من طلاب الطب بتقييم مدى تنفيذ هدف التعلم في دورتين مع محاكاة ذات دقة عالية ومنخفضة. باستخدام استطلاع عبر الإنترنت ذي أسئلة مغلقة، بعد إرسال قائمة بأهداف التعلم المخصصة للدورات التدريبية إلى المشاركين. قام الباحثون أيضا بتقييم كيفية تقييم الدورات بشكل عام من حيث قيمتها الموضوعية والتطبيق العام. النتائج: وجدنا أن الطلاب حددوا أهدافا تعليمية مضمنة في الدورات التدريبية وقاموا بتقييم كلا الدورتين بشكل إيجابي. ارتبطت آراء المشاركين الإيجابية بالقيمة الموضوعية العالية لكلا الصفين. الاستنتاجات: قد يستفيد المعلمون ومنشئو الدورات التدريبية من ملاحظات الطلاب حول وضوح أهداف التعلم، التي يمكن أن تعزز نهج التعلم المعتمد على الطالب في المحاكاة الطبية. يمكن اعتبار هذا النهج بمثابة مدخل لاختيار المهام لتحسين تعلم الطلاب. Abstract: Objectives: The mastering of learnt procedures by medical students is triggered by numerous elements, including the ability to understand educational goals for specific tasks. In this study, the authors investigated the processes for identifying learning objectives set forth by medical students and the possibility of the chosen simulation fidelity influencing this ability in Basic Clinical Skills and Elderly Medicine courses at the Medical University of Lublin. Methods: A total of 121 medical students assessed the extent to which learning objectives were implemented in two courses with high- and low-fidelity simulation. Using an online survey with closed-ended questions, a list of learning objectives assigned to the courses was sent to participants. The authors evaluated how the courses were generally assessed in terms of their substantive value and general applicability. The Spearman rank correlation (Spearman's rho), χ2, and descriptive statistics were used for investigating research problems. Results: Students correctly identified established learning objectives embedded in the courses and positively assessed both courses. Participants' affirmative opinions were related to the high substantive value of both courses. Conclusions: Teachers and course creators could benefit from students' feedback about the clarity of learning objectives. The application of some of their ideas would promote a student-centred approach in medical simulation. This approach could be considered input for task selection and optimisation of learning. الكلمات المفتاحية: محاكاة عالية الدقة, أهداف التعلم, محاكاة الدقة المنخفضة, التعليم الطبي, طلاب الطب, Keywords: High-fidelity simulation, Learning objective, Low-fidelity simulation, Medical education, Undergraduate medical students

Computational Thinking has been understood as an essential ability in a society mediated by technology. However, literature in the field shows that initiatives for developing this ability rarely address challenging contexts audiences. In this paper, we draw on the notion of mental models to relate the concepts of Computational Thinking and Digital Culture. We claim that practicing basic skills when exploring simple prototypes favors people to build mental models that are useful to understand and use technologies. In a case study, we engaged adults in their initial stages of literacy in activities that evolved from basic ones with a low fidelity ATM prototype to complex ones with a functional prototype. We identified that participants used the experience and knowledge they obtained from previous activities to carry out the next ones, showing confidence and autonomy when exploring a functional prototype.

Replacements for diseased aortic valves are limited. Repair of the aortic valve is performed by only a few surgeons. A novel technique of aortic valve reconstruction using autologous pericardium shows promising results. In this video tutorial, we demonstrate the Ozaki procedure using an ex vivo low fidelity simulation.

Particulate matter (PM) indices—those linking PM emissions from gasoline engines to the composition and properties of the fuel—have been a topic of significant study over the last decade. It has long been known that fuel composition has a significant impact on particulate emissions from gasoline engines. Since gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines have become the market-leading technology, this has become more significant because the evaporative behavior of fuel increases in importance. Several PM indices have been developed to provide metrics describing this behavior and correlating PM emissions. In this article, 16 different PM indices are identified and collected—to the authors’ knowledge, all of the indices are available at the time of writing. The indices are reviewed and discussed in the context of the information required to calculate them, as well as their utility. The authors believe that there is a need for indices that provide both a detailed and robust correlation, as well as those that are less sophisticated yet sufficient for specific use cases. Future research is suggested to guide the technical community toward improvements in the indices’ methods and equations for both high and low fidelity and high and low time investment.

Pressure gain combustion is a revolutionary concept to increase gas turbine efficiency and thus potentially reduces the environmental footprint of power generation and aviation. Pressure gain combustion can be realized through pulsed detonation combustion. However, this unsteady combustion process has detrimental effects on adjacent turbomachines. This paper identifies realistic time-variant compressor outlet conditions, which could potentially stem from pulsed detonation combustion. Furthermore, a low fidelity approach based on the 1D-Euler method is applied to investigate the performance of a compressor exposed to these outlet boundary conditions. The simulation results indicate that the efficiency penalty due to unsteady compressor operation remains below 1% point. Furthermore, between 80% and 95% of the fluctuations’ amplitudes are damped till the inlet of the 4-stage compressor.