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5. Meeting User Needs for Sea Level Rise Information: A Decision Analysis Perspective

Author

Jochen Hinkel John A. Church Jonathan M. Gregory Erwin Lambert Gonéri Le Cozannet Jason Lowe Kathleen L. McInnes Robert J. Nicholls Thomas D. van der Pol Roderik van de Wal

Abstract

Despite widespread efforts to implement climate services, there is almost no literature that systematically analyzes users' needs. This paper addresses this gap by applying a decision analysis perspective to identify what kind of mean sea level rise (SLR) information is needed for local coastal adaptation decisions. We first characterize these decisions, then identify suitable decision analysis approaches and the sea level information required, and finally discuss if and how these information needs can be met given the state of the art of sea level science. We find that four types of information are needed: (i) probabilistic predictions for short‐term decisions when users are uncertainty tolerant; (ii) high‐end and low‐end SLR scenarios chosen for different levels of uncertainty tolerance; (iii) upper bounds of SLR for users with a low uncertainty tolerance; and (iv) learning scenarios derived from estimating what knowledge will plausibly emerge about SLR over time. Probabilistic predictions can only be attained for the near term (i.e., 2030–2050) before SLR significantly diverges between low and high emission scenarios, for locations for which modes of climate variability are well understood and the vertical land movement contribution to local sea levels is small. Meaningful SLR upper bounds cannot be defined unambiguously from a physical perspective. Low‐ to high‐end scenarios for different levels of uncertainty tolerance and learning scenarios can be produced, but this involves both expert and user judgments. The decision analysis procedure elaborated here can be applied to other types of climate information that are required for mitigation and adaptation purposes.

Published
2019

13. Risk of Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules with Non-Diagnostic Fine-Needle Aspiration: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Author

De Ycaza, Ana E. Espinosa, Lowe, Kathleen M., Dean, Diana S., Castro, M. Regina, Fatourechi, Vahab, Ryder, Mabel, Morris, John C., and Stan, Marius N.

Subjects
*CANCER risk factors, *THYROID gland surgery, *NEEDLE biopsy, *THYROIDECTOMY, *GUIDELINES
Abstract

Background: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of thyroid nodules is commonly performed, and despite the use of ultrasound (US) guidance, the rate of non-diagnostic FNAs is still significant. The risk of malignancy of thyroid nodules with a non-diagnostic FNA is not clearly defined. However, most studies exclude the majority of patients without a repeat biopsy or surgery, thus increasing the likelihood of selection bias. The aims of this study were to determine the malignancy risk in nodules with an initial non-diagnostic FNA, and to identify the factors associated with malignancy. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients with thyroid nodules who underwent US-guided FNA between 2004 and 2010 and had a non-diagnostic result. Patients were followed until confirmatory diagnosis of the nature of the nodule was made. The outcome of malignant or benign disease was based on one of the following: (i) final surgical pathology following thyroidectomy; (ii) repeat biopsy; (iii) clinically, based on repeat ultrasound performed at least three years following biopsy; or (iv) report of thyroid status for patients without follow-up visits contacted by mail. Results: There were 699 nodules from 665 patients included. The mean age was 59 - 15 years, and 71.7% were women. There was complete follow-up of 495 nodules. After a median follow-up of 2.7 years, thyroid cancer was found in 15 nodules. The prevalence of malignancy was 3% (15/495). The presence of nodular calcifications was the strongest predictor of thyroid malignancy (odds ratio 5.03 [confidence interval 1.8-14.7]). Initial nodule size was inversely associated with malignancy (odds ratio 0.55 [confidence interval 0.28-0.93]). However, the 193 patients without follow-up had smaller nodules compared with those included in the analysis. None of the patients with repeatedly non-diagnostic results were diagnosed with thyroid cancer at follow-up. Conclusion: The prevalence of thyroid cancer in nodules with non-diagnostic results is lower than the malignancy rate in thyroid nodules in general, but not negligible. They should be followed as per guidelines with heightened suspicion for nodules containing calcifications. Nodules with repeatedly non-diagnostic FNA results especially in the absence of calcifications have a low risk of malignancy and may be observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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14. Digital Cameras and Information Literacy: Innovations From the Field.

Author

Melcher, Amanda and Lowe, Kathleen

Subjects
EDUCATION, INFORMATION science, INTERNET in education, LITERACY, DIGITAL media
Abstract

The authors describe a learning exercise for an English composition information literacy instruction session that merges technology with active learning and is fun and engaging. Librarians introduced digital cameras into library instruction. Students filmed one another as they searched the online catalog to locate call numbers, investigate subject headings, and find books on the shelves. This exercise infused technology and fun with the important skill of using the library's catalog to locate sources of information. Students gained comfort with using the library, they enjoyed the experience, and they interpreted the exercise in creative ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

15. Explaining Shrinkage in Molds and Cores.

Author

LOWE, KATHLEEN

Subjects
PLASTIC molds, BINDING agents, URETHANE, SOLVENTS, ADHESIVES
Abstract

The article presents a study which examined the causes of shrinkage in molds and cores. It claims that the main factors that affect shrinkage are the solvent utilized in the binder and the sand employed to make a mold or core. It cites the phenolic urethane coldbox (PUCB) binders as the materials used in the study. INSET: DIAL INDICATOR TEST ACCURATELY MEASURES DIMENSIONAL CHANGES.

Published
2011

16. Readers say.

Author

Crabtree, Peter M., Meier, Alan, Lowe, Kathleen H., Bowen, William G., Bok, Derek, and Noreen, Linnea

Subjects
LETTERS to the editor, PORNOGRAPHY, ENERGY consumption, ELECTRIC power consumption, EDUCATION of minorities
Abstract

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "Porn goes public," in the June 14, 1999 issue, "Dig more coal-the PCs are coming," in the May 31, 1999 issue, and "Lies, damned lies and blurs," by Thomas Sowell in the May 31, 1999 issue.

Published
1999

17. Castanea dentata

Author

Lowe, Kathleen and Lowe, Kathleen

Abstract

Near Highlands. 19 Jun 1953.

19. Increasing compliance to a medical regimen with a juvenile diabetic

Author

Lowe, Kathleen

Subjects
Diabetes Psychological aspects, Diabetics Rehabilitation, Diabetes in youth, Reinforcement (Psychology), Psychology, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

Studies investigating the use of behavioral techniques in the treatment of health-related problems have recently received considerable emphasis. Problems such as enuresis (Atthowe, 1972; Nordquist, 1971), obesity (Stuart, 19137), alcoholism (Miller, 1972; Sobell and Sobell, 1973), chronic pain (Fordyce, Fowler, Lehman, and DeLateur, 1975·), and asthma (Neisworth, 1972; Renne and Creer. 1976) have been treated by the use of behavioral techniques. Katz and Zlutnick (1975) mention two critical areas in which behavior analysis is particularly applicable to health care: a) rehabilitation, and b) patient management. Rehabilitation involves learning behaviors related to specific physical disabilities, for example stroke patients relearning walking skills, and amputees learning various self-care and vocational skills. Patient management involves increasing or decreasing specific patient behaviors to ensure they follow prescribed treatment plans. Patients with chronic dieases such as diabetes or multiple sclerosis must often be placed on stringent medical regimens. Thus, compliance with physicians 1 requests to take medication, follow diets, or engage in exercise is a vital component of patient management and must be maintained if a patient is to sustain optimal health. In view of these considerations, knowledge of the conditions under which

Published
1976

20. YOUR SAY.

Author

Contreras, Marisol, Braverman, Doreen, Lowe, Kathleen, Harnett, Melissa, and Hammond, Gray

Subjects
LETTERS to the editor, JOB applications, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, TRADE missions
Abstract

Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues. Qualifications for a good job in Canada; Impact of subsidy on entrepreneurship; Emphasis on the efforts of high school students in joining trade missions.

Published
2004

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