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The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has evolved industrial operations to be more efficient and reliable. The fastener forming process (FFP) used to rely on the judgments of in-process inspectors and experienced operators. Since no critical information was transmitted between machines, the machining status during production was unable to reveal. Now, with sensors installed in the machines of FFP, manufacturing data can be collected, analyzed, and responded to the machines. This IIoT-embedded FFP can not only carry out real-time data, pre-processing, and feature engineering but also enable optimally selecting classification algorithms for preventive maintenance. Consequently, the FFP establishes machine-health indicators for the production site and the heading process recognizes the abnormal situations between punches. The operator-delayed response leads to a great amount of loss that can be avoided. Besides, with the integration of enterprise resource planning (ERP) and manufacturing execution system (MES), this IIoT-embedded FFP converts receiving customer orders into work orders and coordinates operations and sales within enterprises. This system integration catches the status of various production indicators and further advances accurate materials preparation and inventory costs control. Overall, this IIoT-embedded FFP system becomes no necessity for increasing inventory and reserving backlog funds to cope with the impact of a vast number of scrap products. Finally, other types of machining processes or systems can adopt this systematic approach in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By loading properly arranged slots in a single-layer circular microstrip antenna, the novel bandwidth enhancement design is proposed and experimentally studied by using a single probe feed. For the proposed broadband design, a pair of narrow arc-shaped slots is close to the side edges of the circular patch and connected with a narrow rectangular slot oriented along the excited surface current direction of the fundamental resonant mode of the unslotted circular patch. By properly adjusting the narrow rectangular slot's length, broadband operation of the proposed circular microstrip antenna near its fundamental resonant mode can be achieved. And, it is found that the obtained impedance bandwidth in the proposed design can be greater than 2.3 times that of a conventional unslotted circular microstrip antenna. Details of the proposed antenna designs are described, and typical experimental results are presented and discussed. Index Terms--Arc-shaped slot, bandwidth enhancement, microstrip antenna.

By embedding properly arranged L-shaped slots in a circular patch, a novel broadband dual-frequency design is proposed and experimentally studied. With the use of an L-strip microstrip line for feeding the proposed antenna, the impedance bandwidths, determined from 10 dB return loss, of two operating bands can reach about 7.0% to 12.5% for the lower band and 18.9% to 21.5% for the higher band. Operating frequencies across the obtained lower and higher bands are of the same polarization planes, and have a tunable frequency ratio between the center frequencies of the two operating bands ranging from about 1.31-1.61. The application of the proposed antenna to the design of a 2 x 2 broadband dual-frequency patch antenna array is also demonstrated. Details of the proposed broadband dual-frequency design are described, and experimental results of the constructed prototypes are presented and discussed. Index Terms--Antenna array, broadband dual-frequency operation, microstrip patch antenna.

Novel designs of single-feed equilateral-triangular microstrip antennas for circular polarization (CP) are proposed and studied experimentally. It is demonstrated that by embedding a narrow slot or a cross slot of unequal slot lengths in the triangular patch, circularly polarized radiation of microstrip antennas can easily be achieved using a single probe feed. Furthermore, results show that for the design with a cross slot, the proposed antenna can perform CP radiation with a reduced antenna size at a given frequency (denoted as compact CP operation here); that is, the required antenna size is smaller for the proposed antenna for performing CP radiation as compared to a conventional circularly polarized triangular microstrip antenna at a fixed operating frequency. Details of the proposed CP designs are described, and typical experimental results are presented and discussed. Index Terms - Circular polarization, microstrip antenna, printed antennas.

The problem of double-sided cylindrical microstrip lines coupled through a rectangular slot in the common cylindrical ground plane is studied using the reciprocity theorem and a moment-method calculation. Theoretical results of the S parameters for the slot-coupled cylindrical microstrip lines are calculated and analyzed. Experiments are also conducted to verify the theoretical results.

Novel circular polarization (CP) designs of single-feed equilateral-triangular microstrip antennas are proposed and experimentally studied. The proposed CP designs can easily be achieved by loading a narrow tuning stub at the triangle tip or at the center of the bottom edge of the triangular patch. Moreover, by embedding a cross-slot of equal slot lengths in the triangular patch, a compact CP operation can easily be obtained, with an antenna size reduction up to about 22%, as compared to the CP design of a regular triangular microstrip antenna without cross-slot at a fixed frequency. Index Terms--Circularly polarized radiation, microstrip antenna.

By loading properly arranged slots in an equilateral-triangular microstrip patch, novel dual-frequency and broad-band operations of a single-feed triangular microstrip antenna are presented. For dual, frequency operation, the proposed design is achieved by loading two pair of narrow slots in the triangular patch, one embedded close to the side edges of the patch and the other inserted at the bottom edge of the patch. The obtained two operating frequencies are of the same polarization planes and by varying the positions and lengths of the inserted slots at the bottom edge of the patch, a tunable frequency ratio of the two frequencies ranging from about 1.16 to 2.06 is obtained. Furthermore, it is found that by protruding a narrow slot out of the embedded slots close to the side edges, broad-band operation of the triangular microstrip antenna near its fundamental resonant mode can be achieved. Results show that the antenna bandwidth of the proposed broad-band design can be greater than 2.6 times that of a conventional triangular microstrip antenna. Details of the proposed dual-frequency and broad-band designs are described and typical experimental results are presented and discussed. Index Terms--Broad-band operation, dual-frequency, microstrip antenna.

By introducing an L-shaped metal plate connecting with the spiral monopole antenna, a planar compact ultra-high-frequency (UHF) tag antenna for radiofrequency identification system is proposed. With the overall antenna size of only 13 × 9 × 1.6 mm3, the proposed tag antenna provides the measured impedance bandwidth of 12 MHz to comply with Taiwan UHF operating band (922–928 MHz). The measured peak gain and antenna efficiency are approximately −1.1 dBi and 27% for Taiwan UHF band, respectively. Meanwhile, the measured reading distance can approach 250 m. Good tag sensitivity is obtained across the desired frequency band. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

By introducing a modified F-shaped feeding strip and dual parasitic shorted strips, a small-size wireless wide area network/long-term evolution (WWAN/LTE) printed antenna is proposed and embedded in the 4 G mobile phone with octa-band operation. The operating impedance bandwidths (RL ≥ 6 dB) of 263/1093 MHz can be obtained across the LTE/WWAN bands, respectively. The overall antenna size of the proposed printed monopole antenna (MA) is only 35 × 10 × 0.8 mm3. Meanwhile, this small-size MA provides the measured peak gains and antenna efficiencies of 2.0/3.6 dBi and 80/75% for the LTE/WWAN bands, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]