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1. Effect of thalamic nucleus reuniens on spindle waves in the medial prefrontal cortex during non-rapid eye movement sleep

Author

ZHANG Lei, LU Minmin, and ZHANG Xiaolong

Subjects
thalamic nucleus reuniens, non-rapid eye movement, medial prefrontal cortex, optogenetic inhibition, spindles, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

‍Objective‍ ‍To determine the effect of thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE) on sleep spindles and neuronal activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Methods‍ ‍Thirteen wild-type C57BL/6 male mice (8~12 weeks old, weighing 22~28 g) were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=7) and a control group (n=6). Optogenetic inhibition combined with multi-channel recording technology was used to specifically inhibit RE projections to mPFC during NREM sleep with yellow light for 20 s, in a 5-min interval between 2 times of light stimuli. The types and distribution of neurons were identified based on the waveform width and firing frequency of neurons. The changes in spindle activity in the mPFC following inhibition, as well as in firing of interneurons and pyramidal neurons were analyzed. Results‍ ‍Morphological data confirmed that neural fibers originating from the RE densely projected to the mPFC, primarily distributed in the deep layers. In the experimental group, light stimulation significantly affected the spindle activity in the mPFC when compared with the period before light stimulation, mainly manifested as a decrease in spindle rate, central frequency, and peak-to-peak amplitude (P

Published
2025
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7. Thalamic nucleus reuniens regulates spatial memory via medial entorhinal cortex: a preliminary study

Author

LU Minmin, XIAO Qin, and LUO Xinwei

Subjects
thalamic nucleus reuniens, medial entorhinal cortex, spatial memory, open field, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Objective To preliminarily investigate the role of thalamic nucleus reuniens (RE) on medial entorhinal cortex (MEC)-related spatial memory and its mechanism. Methods Retrobeads-mediated retrograde tracing and anterograde tracing were used to identify the morphological connections between RE and MEC brain regions. Then in vivo fiber photometry was used to record and analyze the activities of REMEC-projecting neurons when mice were exploring in the open field. Chemical genetics was utilized to explore the effects of RE-MEC pathway inhibition on spatial memory. Results Retrograde and anterograde tracing confirmed that RE sent neuronal fibers to MEC, which were mainly distributed in the superficial layers. Optical fiber recording showed that the activities of REMEC-projecting neurons were increased when the mice were rearing and looking up, but were decreased when the mice were stationary and grooming (R2=0.077 3, P < 0.01). And the calcium signal of these neurons was positively correlated with movement speed. Compared with the control group, chemogenetic inhibition of the RE-MEC pathway significantly prolonged the exploration distance of the mice in the treatment group in the open field (P < 0.01), but showed no effects on the center time, rearing time, number of head ups and number of grooming. Conclusion RE-MEC pathway is activated during spatial exploratory behaviors and participates in spatial learning and memory. Chemogenetic inhibition of RE-MEC pathway impairs spatial memory and extends the exploration distance to represent the spatial information of novel environment, and has no effects on emotions. [Key words] thalamic nucleus reuniens , medial entorhinal cortex , spatial memory , open field ,

Published
2024
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13. Spatial memory requires hypocretins to elevate medial entorhinal gamma oscillations

Author

Liao, Yixiang, Wen, Ruyi, Fu, Shengwei, Cheng, Xiaofang, Ren, Shuancheng, Lu, Minmin, Qian, Ling, Luo, Fenlan, Wang, Yaling, Xiao, Qin, Wang, Xiao, Ye, Hengying, Zhang, Xiaolong, Jiang, Chenggang, Li, Xin, Li, Shiyin, Dang, Ruozhi, Liu, Yingying, Kang, Junjun, Yao, Zhongxiang, Yan, Jie, Xiong, Jiaxiang, Wang, Yanjiang, Wu, Shengxi, Chen, Xiaowei, Li, Yulong, Xia, Jianxia, Hu, Zhian, and He, Chao

Published
2024
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24. Primary metabolomics and transcriptomic techniques were used to explore the regulatory mechanisms that may influence the flavor characteristics of fresh Corylus heterophylla × Corylus avellana.

Author

Lu, Minmin, Xie, Tiantian, Wang, Yaru, Yang, Jieyan, Bai, Yan, Gao, Shuang, Wu, Xiaofan, and Yang, Xiuqing

Subjects
AMINO acid derivatives, KREBS cycle, HAZEL, ORGANIC acids, CARBOHYDRATES
Abstract

To explore the flavor related regulatory mechanisms of fresh Corylus heterophylla × Corylus avellana , a joint analysis of metabolome and transcriptome were utilized to compare the two typical C. heterophylla × C. avellana varieties with different flavors ('yuzhui' and 'pingou21') in this paper. The results showed that the genes including E2.4.1.67-1 , E2.4.1.67-2 , SUS-1 , SUS-2 , SUS-4 , SUS-5 , SUS-7 , SUS-8 , SUS-9 , UGP2-2 were identified as responsible for regulating the levels of stachyose, manninotriose and raffinose in hazelnuts. CS and OGDH were deemed as the genes involved in the citric acid cycle, which was a central metabolic pathway that generated energy through the oxidation of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in hazelnuts. The genes trpD , ALDO , PK-1 , PK-2 , ilvH , argE-1 , argE-4 , argE-5 , argD , PDAH , GLTI were regarded as involved in the biosynthesis of various amino acids like tryptophan, valine, alanine, and arginine. These amino acids determined the taste of C. heterophylla × C. avellana and were important precursors of other flavor-related compounds. The genes LOX2S-2 , LOX2S-3 , LOX2S-4 and LCAT3 were viewed as involved in the regulation of lipid biosynthesis, specifically involving 13(S)-HPODE, 9,10,13-trihome and 13(S)-HOTrE in C. heterophylla × C. avellana. These findings highlight the significance of genes and metabolites and internal regulatory mechanisms in shaping the flavor of fresh C. heterophylla × C. avellana cultivated in temperate continents. This study provides the theoretical basis for breeding excellent food functional hazelnut varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2025
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35. Homeostatic Shrinkage of Dendritic Spines Requires Melatonin Type 3 Receptor Activation During Sleep.

Author

Li, Shiyin, Li, Xin, Lu, Minmin, Chen, Quanhui, Yao, Di, Yu, Xiaoqian, Li, Zhen, Ge, Woo‐ping, Wang, Na, Jin, Jiehua, Wang, Yaling, Liao, Yixiang, Luo, Fenlan, Yan, Jie, Chen, Xuedan, Jiang, Chenggang, Yue, Faguo, Gao, Dong, Tang, Xiangdong, and Guo, Hong

Subjects
ENTORHINAL cortex, SPATIAL memory, NEURAL circuitry, HOMEOSTASIS, DENDRITIC spines, WAKEFULNESS, SLEEP spindles
Abstract

High‐frequency oscillatory activity in cognition‐related neural circuits during wakefulness consistently induces the growth of dendritic spines and axonal terminals. Although these structural changes are essential for cognitive functions, it is hypothesized that if these newly expanded structures fail to establish functional connections, they may become superfluous. Sleep is believed to facilitate the reduction of such redundant structures to maintain neural homeostasis. However, the mechanisms underlying this pruning process during sleep remain poorly understood. In this study, that melatonin type 3 receptors (MT3Rs) are selectively expressed in the stellate neurons of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) is demonstrated, an area where high melatonin levels are detected during sleep. Activation of MT3Rs during sleep initiates the shrinkage of dendritic spines in stellate neurons by downregulating neural network activity and dephosphorylating synaptic proteins in the MEC. This process is disrupted when MT3R expression is knocked down or when MT3Rs are blocked during sleep. Notably, interference with MT3Rs in the MEC during sleep impairs the acquisition of spatial memory but does not affect object memory acquisition following sleep. These findings reveal novel molecular mechanisms involving melatonin and MT3Rs in the regulation of dendritic spine shrinkage during sleep, which is crucial for the acquisition and consolidation of spatial memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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