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Alkaline Water Electrolysis (AWE) is one of the simplest green hydrogen production method using renewable energy. AWE system typically yields process variables that are serially correlated and contaminated by measurement uncertainty. A novel robust dynamic variational Bayesian dictionary learning (RDVDL) monitoring approach is proposed to improve the reliability and safety of AWE operation. RDVDL employs a sparse Bayesian dictionary learning to preserve the dynamic mechanism information of AWE process which allows the easy interpretation of fault detection results. To improve the robustness to measurement uncertainty, a low-rank vector autoregressive (VAR) method is derived to reliably extract the serial correlation from process variables. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated with an industrial hydrogen production process, and RDVDL can efficiently detect and diagnose critical AWE faults. • A novel AWE process monitoring method based on variational Bayesian dictionary learning is developed. • A low-rank VAR method is derived to reliably extract the serial correlation from process variables. • The production process of alkaline water electrolysis is analyzed in detail. • The main faults in the alkaline water electrolysis are analyzed and summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Icaritin, a hydrolysate from total flavonoids of Epimedii (TFE), which has better anti-hepatoma activity than its glycosylated form. In this work, immobilized enzymes 4LP-Tpebgl3@Na-Y and DtRha@ES-107 were used to hydrolyze TFE to prepare icaritin. Five different hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) were prepared and the most ideal HDES was successfully selected, which was composed of dodecyl alcohol and thymol with the molar ratio of 2:1. The relative enzyme activity of 4LP-Tpebgl3@Na-Y and DtRha@ES-107 was about 102.4 % and 112.5 %, respectively. In addition, the thermal and binding stability of 4LP-Tpebgl3@Na-Y and DtRha@ES-107 in HDES was not affected negatively. In the biphasic system composed of 50 % (v / v) HDES and Na 2 HPO 4 -citric acid buffer (50 mM, pH 5.5), 4LP-Tpebgl3@Na-Y (1.0 U/mL) and TFE (1 g/L) were reacted at 80 °C for 1 h, and then reacted with DtRha@ES-107 (20 U/mL) at 80 °C for 2 h. Finally, TFE was completely converted to 301.8 mg/L icaritin (0.82 mM). After 10 cycles, 4LP-Tpebgl3@Na-Y/DtRha@ES-107 still maintained 84.1 % original activity. In this study, we developed an efficient methodology for icaritin preparation through the integration of enzymatic catalysis and adsorption separation, presenting a viable approach for large-scale, cost-effective production of icaritin. [Display omitted] • Immobilized enzymes 4LP-Tpebgl3@Na-Y and DtRha@ES-107 have highly efficient biotransformation of TFE to icaritin. • The HDES composed of dodecyl alcohol and thymol was efficiently maintained the catalytic activity and stability of immobilized enzymes. • The yield of icaritin reached 301.8 mg/L in the HDES-buffer biphasic system, which maintained 84.1% initial yield after 10 times of reuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the position and attitude (pose) tracking control of a rigid body with uncertain mass and inertia. By virtue of the dual quaternion description, a six-degree-of-freedom (6-DOF) relative motion model is established in an integrated and compact way. Then an adaptive pose tracking controller is proposed based on the immersion and invariance (I&I) theory, where the key integrability obstacle is overcome by the dynamic scaling technique. Compared with the existing filter system-based method that constructs a filter system to circumvent the integrability obstacle, the dynamic scaling-based method is directly designed based on the original system, which is capable of retaining all benefits of the I&I design with much lower dimension dynamic extensions. Comparisons with the filter system-based I&I method and the classical certainty equivalent method are first carried out from the theoretical analyses, which elucidate benefits of the proposed method in lower control demands. Then the comparative simulations are conducted to verify the features and effectiveness of the proposed dynamic scaling-based I&I adaptive control scheme. • In the framework of dual quaternions, a six-degree-of-freedom adaptive pose tracking controller is proposed based on the immersion and invariance. • Substantial dimension reduction and structure simplification are achieved by using the dynamic scaling technique. • Ideal closed-loop performances are guaranteed to be recovered by the proposed adaptive controller. • Control demands and energy consumptions are barely affected by the adaptive gain and can always be kept close to those in the ideal case. • Thorough theoretical analyses are presented to elucidate the benefits of the proposed adaptive controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing membranous nephropathy (MN). Recent studies have suggested that renal biopsy can be replaced with the serum phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody test for MN diagnosis in patients with nephrotic syndrome. However, this test has not been validated in the Chinese population. In this study, we investigated whether renal biopsy provides additional diagnostic information on patients with proteinuria who are seropositive for PLA2R antibodies (SAb +). We retrospectively reviewed the clinicopathological characteristics of SAb + adult patients (aged ≥ 18 years) with proteinuria (≥ 0.5 g/24 h) assessed at the Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, from June 2021 to March 2022. Among a total of 801 SAb + patients who received renal biopsy, those with incomplete pathological data, diabetes or any potential cause of secondary MN were excluded. Among the 491 remaining patients, 474 had primary MN (PMN), 16 had atypical MN (AMN, 9 patients with “full house” and 2 patients with HBsAg + /HBcAg + immunofluorescence results), and 1 had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. In patients with an eGFR of ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 451), 436 had PMN, and 71 (16.3%) exhibited additional biopsy findings, with obesity-related glomerulopathy being the most common. In patients with an impaired eGFR (n = 40), 38 had PMN, and 31 (81.6%) showed additional findings, with acute tubular injury being the most common. In conclusion, anti-PLA2R antibody positivity is highly predictive of PMN in Chinese adults but often coexists with other pathological diagnoses. The advantages of renal biopsy for detecting other pathologies should be weighed against the potential risks of the biopsy procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Our current study reports an active compound, namely bavachinin (BVC), protects high fat diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in golden hamsters. • To identify the target of BVC, we introduce click chemistry-activity‐based protein profiling (CC-ABPP) technology, which is a chemical proteomic approach that identifies potential targets interacting with probe-conjugated compounds. • With the use of CC-ABPP, we identify proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as the target of BVC. And validation experiments including Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), Drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS), Surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) are carried out to verify the direct interaction between BVC and PCNA. • With the use of molecular docking and co-immunoprecipitation, BVC is proved to bind to the pocket of PCNA, facilitating the interaction between PCNA and DNA polymerase delta, while inhibits interaction between PCNA and p21. BVC's promotion on cell proliferation is then verified by CCK-8 staining, CFSE staining, and cell cycle assay. • In NALFD golden hamsters, BVC protects hepatocytes and inhibits hepatocytes apoptosis, through promoting liver regeneration. Besides, BVC also ameliorates hyperlipemia. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease all over the world, and no drug is approved for the treatment of NAFLD. Bavachinin (BVC) is proven to possess liver-protecting effect against NAFLD, but its mechanism is still blurry. With the use of Click Chemistry-Activity‐Based Protein Profiling (CC-ABPP) technology, this study aims to identify the target of BVC, and investigate the mechanism by which BVC exerts its liver-protecting effect. The high fat diet induced hamster NAFLD model is introduced to investigate BVC's lipid-lowering and liver-protecting effects. Then, a small molecular probe of BVC is designed and synthesized based on the CC-ABPP technology, and BVC's target is fished out. A series of experiments are performed to identify the target, including competitive inhibition assay, surface-plasmon resonance (SPR), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay, and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). Afterward, the pro-regeneration effects of BVC are validated in vitro and in vivo through flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). In the hamster NAFLD model, BVC shows lipid-lowing effect and improvement on the histology. PCNA is identified as the target of BVC with the method mentioned above, and BVC facilitates the interaction between PCNA and DNA polymerase delta. BVC promotes HepG2 cells proliferation which is inhibited by T2AA, an inhibitor suppresses the interaction between PCNA and DNA polymerase delta. In NAFLD hamsters, BVC enhances PCNA expression and liver regeneration, reduces hepatocyte apoptosis. This study suggests that, besides the anti-lipemic effect, BVC binds to the pocket of PCNA facilitating its interaction with DNA polymerase delta and pro-regeneration effect, thereby exerts the protective effect against HFD induced liver injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer (GC) has emerged as a significant issue in public health all worldwide as a result of its high mortality rate and dismal prognosis. AT-rich interactive domain 1 A (ARID1A) is a vital component of the switch/sucrose-non-fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex, and ARID1A mutations occur in various tumors, leading to protein loss and decreased expression; it then affects the tumor biological behavior or prognosis. More significantly, ARID1A mutations will likely be biological markers for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment and selective targeted therapy. To provide theoretical support for future research on the stratification of individuals with gastric cancer with ARID1A as a biomarker to achieve precision therapy, we have focused on the clinical significance, predictive value, underlying mechanisms, and possible treatment strategies for ARID1A mutations in gastric cancer in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To evaluate the improvement of evaluation accuracy of cervical maturity for Chinese women with labor induction by adding objective ultrasound data and machine learning models to the existing traditional Bishop method. Methods: The machine learning model was trained and tested using 101 sets of data from pregnant women who were examined and had their delivery in Peking University Third Hospital in between December 2019 and January 2021. The inputs of the model included cervical length, Bishop score, angle, age, induced labor time, measurement time (MT), measurement time to induced labor time (MTILT), method of induced labor, and primiparity/multiparity. The output of the model is the predicted time from induced labor to labor. Our experiments analyzed the effectiveness of three machine learning models: XGBoost, CatBoost and RF(Random forest). we consider the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) and the mean absolute error (MAE) as the criterion to evaluate the accuracy of the model. Difference was compared using t-test on RMSE between the machine learning model and the traditional Bishop score. Results: The mean absolute error of the prediction result of Bishop scoring method was 19.45 h, and the RMSE was 24.56 h. The prediction error of machine learning model was lower than the Bishop score method. Among the three machine learning models, the MAE of the model with the best prediction effect was 13.49 h and the RMSE was 16.98 h. After selection of feature the prediction accuracy of the XGBoost and RF was slightly improved. After feature selection and artificially removing the Bishop score, the prediction accuracy of the three models decreased slightly. The best model was XGBoost (p = 0.0017). The p-value of the other two models was < 0.01. Conclusion: In the evaluation of cervical maturity, the results of machine learning method are more objective and significantly accurate compared with the traditional Bishop scoring method. The machine learning method is a better predictor of cervical maturity than the traditional Bishop method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation With the wide availability of single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) technology, population-scale scRNA-seq datasets across multiple individuals and time points are emerging. While the initial investigations of these datasets tend to focus on standard analysis of clustering and differential expression, leveraging the power of scRNA-seq data at the personalized dynamic gene co-expression network level has the potential to unlock subject and/or time-specific network-level variation, which is critical for understanding phenotypic differences. Community detection from co-expression networks of multiple time points or conditions has been well-studied; however, none of the existing settings included networks from multiple subjects and multiple time points simultaneously. To address this, we develop Mu lti-subject D ynamic Co mmunity D etection (MuDCoD) for multi-subject community detection in personalized dynamic gene networks from scRNA-seq. MuDCoD builds on the spectral clustering framework and promotes information sharing among the networks of the subjects as well as networks at different time points. It clusters genes in the personalized dynamic gene networks and reveals gene communities that are variable or shared not only across time but also among subjects. Results Evaluation and benchmarking of MuDCoD against existing approaches reveal that MuDCoD effectively leverages apparent shared signals among networks of the subjects at individual time points, and performs robustly when there is no or little information sharing among the networks. Applications to population-scale scRNA-seq datasets of human-induced pluripotent stem cells during dopaminergic neuron differentiation and CD4 + T cell activation indicate that MuDCoD enables robust inference for identifying time-varying personalized gene modules. Our results illustrate how personalized dynamic community detection can aid in the exploration of subject-specific biological processes that vary across time. Availability and implementation MuDCoD is publicly available at https://github.com/bo1929/MuDCoD as a Python package. Implementation includes simulation and real-data experiments together with extensive documentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a platform to generate clonal engineered immune cells on a large scale and have been leveraged and highlighted as one of the most immediate and exciting applications in the development of cancer immune cell therapies. Immunoenhancing engineering strategies for iPSC-derived immune cells include antigen recognition, effect cell function activation, expansion and persistence, trafficking, immunomodulation, and metabolic fitness, and have greatly enhanced iPSC applications in cancer immunotherapy. Hypoimmunogenicity engineering strategies for iPSC-derived immune cells focus on the avoidance of graft-versus-host disease and allogeneic cell rejection by the recipient's immune system. Careful consideration is warranted for how to use iPSC-derived immune cell types such as T cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells most advantageously in different biological and clinical contexts. T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, macrophages (Macs), and dendritic cells (DCs) are among the most common sources for immune-cell-based therapies for cancer. Antitumor activity can be enhanced in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived immune cells by using iPSCs as a platform for stable genetic modifications that impact immuno-activating or -suppressive signaling pathways, such as transducing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) or deletion of immunosuppressive checkpoint molecules. This review outlines the utility of four iPSC-derived immune-cell-based therapies, highlight the latest progress and future trends in the genome-editing strategies designed to improve efficacy, safety, and universality, and provides perspectives that compare different contexts in which each of these iPSC-derived immune cell types can be most effectively used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing crisis of antibiotic resistance calls for advanced and sustainable antibacterial strategies. In the past few years, lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with unique photophysical properties have been innovatively explored for bacterial detection and therapy, and hold promise for alleviating challenges faced in the post‐antibiotic era. In this review, the interface engineering for the bacteria‐targeted UCNP nanoplatforms is highlighted, the principles and merits of various upconversion detection strategies are discussed, and the latest progress in UCNP‐based antibacterial applications are summarized, especially in deep‐tissue infection imaging and therapy. Finally, the remaining concerns and future efforts for practical applications are put forward. This review is expected to provide comprehensive guidance for diagnosing and combating bacterial infections based on advanced UCNP nanoplatforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The etiological features of stroke in young adults are different from those in older adults. We aimed to investigate the impact of high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HRVWI) on etiologic diagnosis in young adults with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Methods: A total of 253 young adults (aged 18–45 years) who consecutively underwent HRVWI for clarifying stroke etiology were retrospectively recruited. Two experienced neurologists classified stroke etiology for each patient using Trial of Org 10,172 in Acute Stroke Treatment categories with and without the inclusion of HRVWI diagnosis. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine which etiologic category would be significantly impacted after including HRVWI. Results: The etiologic classification was altered in 39.1% (99/253) of patients after including HRVWI in the conventional investigations. The proportion of patients classified as having stroke of undetermined etiology (SUE) and the proportion of patients classified as having small-artery occlusion (SAO) both significantly decreased (36.4 to 13.8% and 9.1 to 2.0%), whereas the proportion of patients classified as having large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) significantly increased (28.5 to 58.1%) (all P < 0.001). The inclusion of HRVWI had a significant diagnostic impact on young adults who were primarily classified as SAO (odds ratio [OR] 14.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] [2.9, 71.8], P < 0.001) or SUE (OR 8.3, 95% CI [2.2, 31.5], P < 0.01). Conclusions: HRVWI had a substantial impact on etiologic classification in young adults with ischemic stroke or TIA, particularly for those primarily classified as having SAO or SUE. This impact of HRVWI will be beneficial for therapeutic decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial processes are subject to various noise disturbances that lead to the stochastic nature of the modeled system and the uncertainty of the model parameters. In this paper, a variational Bayesian State Space Model (VBSSM) model is developed for dynamic process monitoring, allowing the uncertainty of parameters to be described by probabilities. The conjugate prior allows the posterior distribution of the parameters to be estimated iteratively through the Rauch Tung Striebel (RTS) smoothing estimation with the VB framework. The next state can be better predicted even in the presence of noisy perturbations, and imperceptible correlations among multiple variables can be found. By maximizing the lower bound of the objective function to approximate the true posterior distribution of the parameters, the fault detection index is constructed by the corresponding residual. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method is verified by numerical simulations, Tennessee Eastman process and hot rolling industry examples. • This work develops variational Bayesian state space model (VBSSM) based on variational Bayes, where the dynamic properties of the data are described directly through the SSM. • The increased dimensionality of the state space due to the Cholesky decomposition is avoided. • The developed VBSSM method describes the parameter uncertainty probabilistically instead of point estimation and therefore avoids overfitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a novel SBFEM to model the horizontal layered bounded domain with side face load. In order to overcome the limit of original SBFEM in modelling horizontal layered domain, a novel semi-analytical technique which named as the modified SBFEM is proposed. The novel type of local coordinate system makes the original scaling centre replace by scaling line. It is more suitable for the horizontal layered model analysis. The coordinate transformation is greatly reduced by using scaling line. Basing on the principle of virtual work, the modified SBFEM displacement equation is derived. Firstly, the displacement differential equation is transformed into state equation in Hamilton system. The displacement and stress of layered bounded domain can be obtained by one time. As well as making the modified SBFEM more accessible, a new technique for the treatment of side face load is provided. Furthermore, basing on the novel side face load formulation, the displacement and stress expressions for layered bounded domain can be built. The paper fully develops the new formulations, and provides numerical examples to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the modified SBEFM. More importantly, the complex side face form and anisotropic material are considered. It significantly extends the application field of the modified SBFEM in solving elastostatic problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bimetallic Pt8Co1 supported on alkali-treated ZSM-5 zeolite (ZSM-5-AT) was prepared through the impregnation method. The structure and surface properties of the catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2-sorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 (NH3-TPD) and temperature-programmed reduction of H2 (H2-TPR). The TEM images present that the bimetallic Pt8Co1 nanoparticles with a mean particle size of 4–6 nm were uniformly dispersed on the alkali-treated ZSM-5 zeolite. The bimetallic Pt8Co1/ZSM-5-AT catalyst exhibited an extraordinary COL selectivity of 65% at a >99% CAL conversion efficiency, which showed a much higher catalytic performance (including the activity and selectivity) than the monometallic Pt/ZSM-5-AT and Co/ZSM-5-AT catalysts in the selective hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde (CAL) to cinnamyl alcohol (COL) using hydrogen as reducing agent. The high catalytic activity of the bimetallic catalyst was attributed to the higher electron density of Pt species and more acidic sites of the alkali-treated ZSM-5 zeolite support. The recovery test showed no obvious loss of its initial activity of the Pt8Co1/ZSM-5-AT catalyst for five times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earnings management refers to a company's use of either accounting techniques (accrual-based earnings management) or real economic activities (real earnings management) to manipulate reported earnings and mislead users of financial information. It often indicates serious ethical issues in a company's management, which will affect the reliability and sustainability of a firm's services in the supply chain. Using A-share listed Chinese firms on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, we investigated the impacts of state ownership on management's decision to select real or accrual-based earnings management strategies. We found that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) tend to favor real earnings management over accrual-based earnings management more than non-SOEs. Furthermore, those SOEs that are controlled by the central government engage in real earnings management more often than those controlled by local governments. We also examined whether media attention and litigation interact with state ownership to affect earnings management. We found that SOEs, especially central SOEs, with a high level of media attention or an incidence of litigation, are more likely to use real earnings management. Our research can assist firms in making better decisions in selecting business partners and service suppliers in an emerging market through the assessment of management integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & aims: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) play an increasingly important role in the treatment of primary liver cancer (PLC). Some patients with PLC experience symptoms of splenomegaly. Splenomegaly may affect the efficacy of ICIs due to an imbalance of the immune microenvironment. Currently, there is a lack of evidence on the relationship between splenomegaly and prognosis in patients with PLC treated with ICIs. This study analyzed the relationship between splenomegaly and prognosis in patients with PLC treated with ICIs. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study of 161 patients with PLC treated with ICIs, splenomegaly was diagnosed using computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and the impact of splenomegaly on patient survival was analyzed. Results: Through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, we determined that splenomegaly was associated with shortened overall survival (p = 0.002) and progression- free survival (p = 0.013) in patients with PLC treated with ICIs. Kaplan--Meier analysis further validated our results. The overall survival and progression- free survival of patients with splenomegaly were significantly shorter than those of patients without splenomegaly (p < 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions: We concluded that splenomegaly was a predictor of prognosis in patients with PLC treated with ICIs. This is the first study to report this important finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heading date and grain size are two essential traits affecting rice yield. Here, we found that OsMOS1 promotes rice heading and affects its grain size. Knocking out OsMOS1 delayed heading, while the overexpression of OsMOS1 promoted heading in rice under long-day conditions. The transcriptions of the heading activators Ehd1, Hd3a, and RFT1 were decreased and the heading repressor Hd1 was increased in the osmos1 mutant. Conversely, the overexpression of OsMOS1 promoted the expressions of Ehd1, Hd3a, and RFT1, but inhibited the expression of Hd1. This suggests that OsMOS1 may control heading in rice by modulating the transcriptions of Ehd1, Hd3a, RFT1, and Hd1. In addition, knocking out OsMOS1 led to larger grains with longer grain lengths and higher grain weights. The seed cell size measurement showed that the cell lengths and cell widths of the outer glume epidermal cells of the osmos1 mutant were greater than those of the wild type. Furthermore, we also found that the overexpression of OsMOS1 in the Arabidopsis mos1 mutant background could suppress its phenotypes of late flowering and increased seed size. Thus, our study shows a conserved function of MOS1 in rice and Arabidopsis, and these findings shed light on the heading and seed size regulation in rice and suggest that OsMOS1 is a promising target for rice yield improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of multiphase MR angiography collateral maps in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and large vessel occlusion. Collateral circulation, which varies among patients, plays a crucial role in determining the rate of ischemic penumbra recruitment and infarct growth. The article explores different imaging techniques for evaluating collateral flow, including digital subtraction angiography, single-phase computed tomography angiography (sCTA), and multiphase CTA (mCTA). It also introduces a novel collateral imaging method using time-resolved dynamic contrast-enhanced MR angiography. The study findings suggest that MR imaging-based collateral maps can accurately predict lesion growth and salvageable tissue, potentially improving the results of recanalization treatments. However, further studies are needed to confirm the reliability and generalizability of these findings. [Extracted from the article]

Objective: To investigate the value of automated Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS)-based net water uptake (NWU) to predict tissue-level reperfusion status and 90-day functional outcomes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients after reperfusion therapy.Methods: One hundred and twelve patients with AIS who received reperfusion therapy were enrolled. ASPECTS-NWU was calculated from admission CT (NWUadmission) and follow-up CT (NWUFCT), and the difference (ΔNWU) was calculated. Tissue-level reperfusion status was evaluated via follow-up arterial spin labeling imaging. The relationship between ASPECTS-NWU and tissue-level reperfusion was evaluated. Predictors of 90-day unfavorable outcomes (modified Rankin Scale score > 2) were assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.Results: Poor reperfusion was observed in 40 patients (35.7%) after therapy. Those patients had significantly elevated NWUFCT (median, 14.15% vs. 8.08%, p = 0.018) and higher ΔNWU (median, 4.12% vs. -2.03%, p < 0.001), compared to patients with good reperfusion. High ΔNWU was a significant marker of poor reperfusion despite successful recanalization. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.20, p = 0.007) and ΔNWU (OR, 1.07; 95% CI 1.02-1.13, p = 0.008) were independently associated with unfavorable outcomes. An outcome prediction model including both parameters yields an area under the curve of 0.762 (sensitivity 70.3%, specificity, 84.2%).Conclusions: Elevated NWUFCT and higher ΔNWU were associated with poor tissue-level reperfusion after therapy. Higher ΔNWU was an independent predictor of poor reperfusion and unfavorable neurological outcomes despite successful recanalization.Key Points: • ASPECTS-NWU may provide pathophysiological information about tissue-level reperfusion status and offer prognostic benefits for patients with AIS after reperfusion therapy. • Elevated NWUFCT and higher ΔNWU were correlated with poor tissue-level reperfusion after therapy. • A higher ΔNWU is an independent predictor of poor reperfusion and 90-day unfavorable outcomes despite successful recanalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing message propagation is critical for solving the problem of node classification in sparse graph with few labels. The recently popularized Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) lacks the ability to propagate messages effectively to distant nodes because of over-smoothing. Besides, the GCN with numerous trainable parameters suffers from overfitting when the labeled nodes are scarce. This article addresses the problem via building GCN on Enhanced Message-Passing Graph (EMPG). The key idea is that node classification can benefit from various variants of the input graph that can propagate messages more efficiently, based on the assumption that the structure of each variant is reasonable when more unlabeled nodes are labeled properly. Specifically, the proposed method first maps the nodes to a latent space through graph embedding that captures the structural information of the input graph. Considering the node attributes together, the proposed method constructs the EMPG by adding connections between the nodes in close proximity in the latent space. With the help of the added connections, the EMPG allows a node to propagate its message to the right nodes at long distances, so that the GCN built on the EMPG need not stack multiple layers. As a result, over-smoothing is avoided. However, dense connections may cause message propagation saturation and lead to overfitting. Seeing the EMPG as an accumulation of some potential variants of the original graph, the proposed method utilizes dropout to extract a group of variants from the EMPG and then builds multichannel GCNs on them. The multichannel features learned from different dropout EMPGs are aggregated to compute the final prediction jointly. The proposed method is flexible, as a brod range of GCNs can be incorporated easily. Additionally, it is efficient and robust. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method yields improvements in node classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bypass for inpatient care is an event of excessive demand. Though primary care facilities provide inpatient care in China, local residents may choose more distant higher-level hospital for inpatient care services. Given the differences in accessibility of hospitals and socioeconomic development between urban and rural areas, this study aims to estimate the rate of bypass for inpatient care and explore the factors predictive of bypass among rural and urban residents in China. Methods: The rates of bypass for inpatient care were estimated using data from 1352 hospitalized patients, obtained from the 2018 Sixth National Health Service Survey of Hubei, China. Bypass for inpatient care was identified if the patient was hospitalized in a hospital for a certain disease that should be treated at primary care facilities in accordance with government requirement. Anderson's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use was used as a theoretical framework for determining the factors of bypass. Logistic regression was used to identify the relationship between bypass for inpatient care and predisposing, enabling, and need characteristics for urban and rural residents. Results: The rate of bypass for inpatient care was 73.8%. This rate for inpatient care (91.3%) in cities is higher than that in rural areas (56.2%). Age were associated with bypass for both rural (OR, 0.982; 95% CI, 0.969–0.995) and urban (OR, 0.947; 95% CI, 0.919–0.976) patients. The patients whose closest healthcare facility was hospitals were more likely to have bypass behavior in rural (OR, 26.091; 95% CI, 7.867–86.537) and urban (OR, 8.323; 95% CI, 2.936–23.591) areas than those living closest to township/community health centers. Signing a family doctor was not helpful for retaining patients at primary care facility. Among rural patients, those with circulatory (OR, 2.378; 95% CI, 1.328–4.258), digestive (OR, 2.317; 95% CI, 1.280–4.192), or skin and bone (OR, 1.758; 95% CI, 1.088–2.840) system diseases were more likely to show bypass behavior than those with respiratory diseases. Conclusions: Bypass for inpatient care is sizable, and urban residents have a higher bypass rate for inpatient care than rural residents in China. More actionable measures in strengthening and leading patients to primary care are needed. Gradual establishment of a referral system is recommended. Inpatient care for circulatory, digestive, or skin and bone system diseases may be prioritized to be improved at primary care facilities in rural China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellulose-grafte-poly(L-lactide) (C-g-PLLA) copolymers synthesized in a CO2-switchable solvent are proposed for use as effective compatibilizers for the preparation of cellulose–PLLA composites with enhanced interfacial compatibility. The effect of the molar substitution (MSPLLA) of the grafted PLLA side chain in the C-g-PLLA copolymer and the feeding amount of this copolymer on the mechanical and thermal properties and hydrophilicity of the composites was investigated. The composites had a largely increased impact strength with the incorporation of the compatibilizer. With the increasing of MSPLLA and the feeding amount of the copolymer, the resulting composites had an increased impact strength. When 5 wt% C-g-PLLA with MSPLLA of 4.46 was used as a compatibilizer, the obtained composite containing 20 wt% cellulose presented an impact strength equal to that obtained for the neat PLLA. The composites had a slightly decreased melting temperature and thermal decomposition temperature, but increased hydrophilicity due to the incorporation of the compatibilizer. This work suggests an effective method to improve the interfacial compatibility between cellulose and PLLA for the fabrication of fully bio-based composites with high performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arabidopsis cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGC) 2 and 4 are shown to negatively regulate disease resistance and heat tolerance and to positively regulate plant growth. Whether or not their functions in these processes are interdependent is largely unknown. Here, using the mutation of phytoalexin deficient 4 (PAD4) to inhibit the enhanced defense response and programmed cell death (PCD), we assessed the contribution of the altered defense response to the heat tolerance and plant growth in the cngc2 and cngc4 single and double mutants. The pad4 mutation reverted the enhanced disease resistance of the cngc2 and cngc4 mutants at the normal temperature (22 °C) but not at the elevated temperature (28 °C). The pad4 mutation slightly alleviated the dwarfism of the cngc2 and cngc4 mutants at 22 °C but not at 28 °C, indicating a small contribution from the defense response to plant growth regulation. The pad4 mutation also reduced the enhanced heat tolerance in the cngc mutants, suggesting an involvement of PCD in heat tolerance. In addition, a higher heat tolerance was correlated with more opened stomata under heat treatment among the wild type and mutants of the PAD4, CNGC2 and CNGC4 genes. In sum, this study suggests that the regulation of heat tolerance and plant growth by CNGC2 and CNGC4 is almost independent of their regulation of disease resistance. It also reveals a PAD4-dependent role of CNGC2 and CNGC4 in stomatal aperture regulation and heat tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify medical service quality factors that patients care about and establish a medical service quality evaluation index system by analyzing online reviews of medical and healthcare service platforms in combination with a questionnaire survey. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopts a combination of review mining and questionnaire surveys. The latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model was used to mine hospital reviews on the medical and healthcare service platform to obtain the medical service quality factors that patients pay attention to, and then the questionnaire was administered to obtain the relative importance of these factors to patients' perception of service quality. Finally, the index system was established. Findings: The medical service quality factors patients care about include medical skills and ethics, registration service, operation effect, consulting communication, drug therapy, diagnosis process and medical equipment. Research limitations/implications: The identification of medical service quality factors provides a reference for medical institutions to improve their medical service quality. Originality/value: This study uses online review mining to obtain medical service quality factors from the perspective of patients, which is different from previous methods of obtaining factors from relevant literature or expert judgments; then, based on the mining results, a medical service quality evaluation index system is established by using questionnaire data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to alleviate the "difficulty in seeing a doctor" for the masses, continuously optimize the service process, and explore new financial service processes for admission and discharge, this study proposes a cloud-fog hybrid model UCNN-BN based on an improved convolutional neural network and applies it to financial services in smart medical care. Decision-making applications: this research improves and designs the UCNN network based on AlexNet and introduces small convolution layers to form convolution groups, making the network more adjustable. The network structure is simpler and more flexible, and it is easy to adjust the algorithm. The number of parameters is small, and it can be directly superimposed without having to add new network hidden layers. The experimental results show that the recognition rate of the UCNN network on the FER2013 and CK+ datasets is higher than that of other recognition methods, and the recognition rates on the FER2013 and CK+ datasets are 98% and 68.01%, due to other methods. This shows that the improved convolutional neural network used in this study for financial services in smart medical care has certain applicability, and small convolution kernels help to extract more subtle features, so as to identify more accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methionine adenosyltransferase 2 A (MAT2A) mediates the synthesis of methyl donor S -Adenosylmethionine (SAM), providing raw materials for methylation reactions in cells. MAT2A inhibitors are currently used for the treatment of tumors with methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) deficiency in clinical research. Methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) catalyzes N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mRNA in mammalian cells using SAM as the substrate which has been shown to affect the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from multiple perspectives. MAT2A-induced SAM depletion may have the potential to inhibit the methyl transfer function of METTL3. Therefore, in order to expand the applicability of inhibitors, improve anti-tumor effects and reduce toxicity, the combinational effect of MAT2A inhibitor AG-270 and METTL3 inhibitor STM2457 was evaluated in NSCLC. The results showed that this combination induced cell apoptosis rather than cell cycle arrest, which was non-tissue-specific and was independent of MTAP expression status, resulting in a significant synergistic anti-tumor effect. We further elucidated that the combination-induced enhanced apoptosis was associated with the decreased m6A level, leading to downregulation of PI3K/AKT protein, ultimately activating the apoptosis-related proteins. Unexpectedly, although combination therapy resulted in metabolic recombination, no significant change in methionine metabolic metabolites was found. More importantly, the combination also exerted synergistic effects in vivo. In summary, the combination of MAT2A inhibitor and METTL3 inhibitor showed synergistic effects both in vivo and in vitro , which laid a theoretical foundation for expanding the clinical application research of the two types of drugs. • MAT2A inhibitor and METTL3 inhibitor exert synergistic anti-tumor effect. • The combination is universally effective in cancer cells from several tissues. • The effect of combination is not limited by MTAP status. • The combination promotes apoptosis by downregulating m6A level and PI3K/AKT pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs) play crucial roles in regulating diverse physiological functions of the central nervous system and peripheral organs. D2Rs are also expressed in mammary glands. However, which cell types express D2Rs and whether they are involved in milk production remains unclear. The present findings revealed that D2Rs are expressed in the apical regions of the lateral membranes of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) in lactating mice. We also investigated the effects of the D2R agonist bromocriptine and/or antagonist domperidone on intracellular cAMP levels, milk protein production, and apoptosis in a lactation culture model of MECs that produce major milk components like lactating MECs in vivo. We found that bromocriptine decreased intracellular cAMP levels, whereas domperidone dose-dependently neutralized this effect. Bromocriptine also inhibited casein and lactoferrin production and suppressed activities of STAT5 and glucocorticoid receptors (GRs). Domperidone neutralized the inhibition of casein production as well as STAT5 and GR inactivation induced by bromocriptine. Furthermore, D2R activation by bromocriptine induced apoptosis and inactivated ERK, a signaling molecule responsible for promoting cell proliferation and survival. Domperidone attenuated ERK inactivation and apoptosis induced by bromocriptine. These findings suggest that D2Rs play regulatory roles in milk protein production and apoptosis in MECs. [Display omitted] • Dopamine D2 receptors are expressed in lactating mammary epithelial cells. • Bromocriptine affects milk production in lactating mammary epithelial cells. • Dopamine D2 receptor negatively regulates STAT5 and glucocorticoid receptor signaling. • Dopamine D2 receptors induced apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been used to successfully treat primary liver cancer (PLC); however, identifying modifiable patient factors associated with therapeutic benefits is challenging. Obesity is known to be associated with increased survival after ICI treatment; however, the relationship between body composition (muscle, fat) and outcomes is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between sarcopenia and CT-derived fat content and the prognosis of ICIs for the treatment of PLC.Methods: In this retrospective cohort study of 172 patients with PLC, we measured the skeletal muscle index (SMI), skeletal muscle density, visceral adipose tissue index, subcutaneous adipose tissue index, total adipose tissue index (TATI), and visceral-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratio using CT. In addition, we analyzed the impact of body composition on the prognosis of the patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to screen for influencing factors.Results: Among the seven body composition components, low SMI (sarcopenia) and low TATI were significantly associated with poor clinical outcomes. Multivariate analysis revealed that sarcopenia (hazard ratio [HR], 5.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74-16.74; p = 0.004) was a significant predictor of overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier curves showed that sarcopenia and TATI were significant predictors of OS. Body mass index was not associated with survival outcomes.Conclusions: Sarcopenia and fat tissue content appear to be independently associated with reduced survival rates in patients with PLC treated with ICIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a Ku70-binding protein of the KUB family, Kub3 has previously been reported to play a role in DNA double-strand break repair in human glioblastoma cells in glioblastoma patients. However, the physiological roles of Kub3 in normal mammalian cells remain unknown. In the present study, we generated Kub3 gene knockout mice and revealed that knockout (KO) mice died as embryos after E18.5 or as newborns immediately after birth. Compared with the lungs of wild-type (WT) mice, Kub3 KO lungs displayed abnormal lung morphogenesis and pulmonary atelectasis at E18.5. No difference in cell proliferation or cell apoptosis was detected between KO lungs and WT lungs. However, the differentiation of alveolar epithelial cells and the maturation of type II epithelial cells were impaired in KO lungs at E18.5. Further characterization displayed that Kub3 deficiency caused an abnormal FGF signaling pathway at E18.5. Taking all the data together, we revealed that Kub3 deletion leads to abnormal late lung development in mice, resulting from the aberrant differentiation of alveolar epithelial cells and the immaturation of type II epithelial cells due to the disturbed FGF signaling pathway. Therefore, this study has uncovered an essential role of Kub3 in the prenatal lung development of mice which advances our knowledge of regulatory factors in embryonic lung development and provides new concepts for exploring the mechanisms of disease related to perinatal lung development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rht4 is characterized as a GA‐responsive dwarf gene in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The responsiveness of Rht4 to exogenous GA3 was characterized in seedlings, but the effects of exogenous GA3 on the important morphological and agronomic traits such as plant height, grain‐filling rate, and yield components are unclear. In this study, the Rht4 responsiveness of exogenous GA3 on these traits was evaluated using the homozygous F4:5 and F5:6 lines derived from a cross between Jinmai47 and Burt ert937 (Rht4 donor). After exogenous GA3 application, the plant height of the dwarf lines was, on average, increased by 17.54%, about 7.92% more than that of the tall lines. Compared with the tall lines, application of exogenous GA3 significantly increased the kernel weight, maximum grain‐filling rate (Gmax), average grain‐filling rate (Gave) and kernel weight increment achieving Gmax (Wmax) in both superior and inferior grains, while the day on which the maximum grain‐filling rate was reached (Tmax) in Rht4 dwarf lines was significantly earlier in the two generations. What is more, the grain number spike−1, grain yield plant−1, and 1000‐kernel weight (TKW) of the dwarf lines notably increased after exogenous GA3‐treatment, while there was no significant change in the tall lines except for TKW. The quality traits of the dwarf lines with GA3‐treatment were greatly improved. Taken together, these results suggested that the application of GA3 could improve the grain‐filling process of Rht4 and compensate for some negative influences, which may provide a reference for its application in wheat breeding and promote the characterization of its regulatory mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Introduces a reversible electroadhesion method using low ion migration. • The mechanism of reversible adhesion was explained by electrochemical means. • Describes electrochemical stability, maintaining charge capability after 1000 cycles. Reversible adhesions have exhibited a great potential in the biomedical field. Here, we designed a reversible electroadhesion between anionic κ-carrageeenan hydrogel and physiological saline-based nonionic polyacrylamide hydrogel through the low and controllable ion migration. A robust adhesion was obtained between the hydrogel pairs via a direct current (DC) of 10 V. Upon the application of a reverse voltage, the pair could be effortlessly and rapidly detached. We elucidated the mechanism of reversible electroadhesion through electrochemical analysis, attributing the adhesion to the formation of double ion layers between the adhesive interfaces under the electrical field and pH variation. When a reverse voltage was applied, the adhesion strength was dropped lower than 0.1 kPa and the detachment was occurred due to the disruption of the double ion layer by ionic migration and even diffusion. Moreover, the adhesion system demonstrated outstanding electrochemical stability, with less than a 7 % variation in charge storage capability after 1000 cycles. The proposed strategy paves the way for developing high-performance adhesion hydrogels with electrically controllable functions, which are indispensable for various emerging fields like tissue repair and soft biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoparticles are extensively utilized as effective lubrication additives. In a novel approach, one-dimensional nanoparticles undergo self-assembly, transforming into two-dimensional nanochains for use as additives, thereby enabling varied lubrication effects. We involved synthesizing Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles via a solvothermal method, followed by their self-assembly into magnetic Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 nanochains under a magnetic field. These NCs, measuring 57.8 µm in length and 0.2 µm in diameter, were dispersed in deionized water. This study explored the influence of various orientations on the tribological properties of the lubricant through the manipulation of nanochains' alignment using a magnetic field. The results indicate a 48.51% reduction in coefficient of friction and a 73.56% decrease in wear rate when the NCs were aligned perpendicular to the direction of friction. [Display omitted] • Self-assembly forms Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 nanochains with good interfacial bonding. • The vertically aligned nanochains greatly reduce the coefficient of friction. • The vertically aligned nanochains act as rolling bearings. • The main forms of wear include adhesive, abrasive, and three-body abrasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Figuratively speaking, (C 6 H 5) 4 P+ and(C 6 H 5) 4 B- are assembled together like picture puzzles, achieving tight binding of P and B sources at the molecular level. After pyrolysis, the P/B co-doped carbon nanosheets obtained by bottom-up strategy exhibits superb ORR electrocatalytic performances due to the controllable nanosheet structure and abundant heteroatomic active sites. [Display omitted] • A bottom-up puzzle strategy is proposed to fabricate P/B co-doped nanocarbon. • Diverse nanosheets are achieved by using different P onium salts. • Self-assembly mechanism of P/B sources and further evolution are elucidated. • 4P-BC with ample P/B-induced active sites exhibits superb ORR activities. • This strategy provides a novel avenue for the design of metal-free electrocatalysts. Preparing metal-free and non-N-doped carbon-based electrocatalysts via pyrolysis encounters a significant challenge of low controllability for microstructure modulation and limited electrocatalytic activity. Herein, a bottom-up puzzle strategy is proposed to fabricate a series of phosphorus and boron co-doped carbon (P-BC) nanosheets. These P-BC nanosheets manifest diverse morphologies and distinct heteroatom doping levels, achieved through the innovative utilization of four similar P onium salts featuring varying benzene ring arrangements, coupled with a fixed B onium salt. Among them, the flat 4P-BC nanosheets with abundant P/B heteroatoms exhibit the optimal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance (E 1/2 = 0.79 V, j L = 5.77 mA cm−2), and the assembled zinc-air battery displays a large power density (163 mW cm−2) and excellent long-term durability (450 cycles), which is attributed to the high specific surface area, enhanced defects or disorder, and ample P/B-doping induced active sites for electrochemical reaction. The assembly mechanism of functional units in solution and their intricate evolution at high temperature are elucidated for various P-BC nanosheets. This work elaborates the influence of precursors functional units on the resulting microstructure attributes and active sites properties, providing a novel avenue for the rational design and optimization of metal-free and heteroatom-doped carbon electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterized by scarce water resources and fragile ecosystems, Northwest China (NWC) has experienced a climate shift from warm-dry to warm-wet conditions since the 1980s that has garnered extensive concern in recent years. In this study, the variability in extreme precipitation (EP) during 1961–2016 in different climate zones of NWC and the possible mechanisms for this variation are investigated. The results show that the EP trends significantly increased in most of the westerly zone (WZ) and plateau zone (PZ), while the EP trends did not significantly decrease in the monsoon zone (MZ). The start dates of extreme precipitation (SDEP) and end dates of extreme precipitation (EDEP) advanced and were postponed, respectively, in the WZ and PZ, while the opposite occurred in the MZ. Summer atmospheric circulation, water vapor transport, and atmospheric instability over NWC varied greatly with the interdecadal shift in EP before and after 1986. During 1986–2016, upper-level divergence and lower-level convergence occurred in the MZ and PZ, which strengthened ascending flow. In addition, the summer water vapor and atmospheric instability increased in the WZ and PZ. These characteristics created favorable conditions for increased occurrences of EP in the WZ and PZ in summer. Conversely, the upper-level convergence and lower-level divergence in the MZ strengthened descending flow. Decreases in summer water vapor and atmospheric instability occurred in the MZ after 1986. Hence, the environmental conditions in the MZ may have prevented the occurrence and development of EP in summer during 1986–2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid emergence of drug‐resistant bacteria has raised a great social concern together with the impetus for exploring advanced antibacterial ways. NIR‐triggered antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) by lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) as energy donor exhibits the advantages of high tissue penetration, broad antibacterial spectrum and less acquired resistance, but is still limited by its low efficacy. Now we designed a bio‐inorganic nanohybrid and combined lysozyme (LYZ) with UCNP‐PDT system to enhance the efficiency against resistant bacteria. Benefiting from the rapid adhesion to bacteria, intelligently bacteria‐responsive LYZ release and synergistic LYZ‐PDT effect, the nanoplatform achieves an exceptionally strong bactericidal capacity and conspicuous bacteriostasis on methicillin‐resistant S. aureus. These findings pave the way for designing efficiently antibacterial nanomaterials and provide a new strategy for combating deep‐tissue bacterial infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid emergence of drug‐resistant bacteria has raised a great social concern together with the impetus for exploring advanced antibacterial ways. NIR‐triggered antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) by lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP) as energy donor exhibits the advantages of high tissue penetration, broad antibacterial spectrum and less acquired resistance, but is still limited by its low efficacy. Now we designed a bio‐inorganic nanohybrid and combined lysozyme (LYZ) with UCNP‐PDT system to enhance the efficiency against resistant bacteria. Benefiting from the rapid adhesion to bacteria, intelligently bacteria‐responsive LYZ release and synergistic LYZ‐PDT effect, the nanoplatform achieves an exceptionally strong bactericidal capacity and conspicuous bacteriostasis on methicillin‐resistant S. aureus. These findings pave the way for designing efficiently antibacterial nanomaterials and provide a new strategy for combating deep‐tissue bacterial infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common clinical syndromes. AKI is associated with significant morbidity and subsequent chronic kidney disease (CKD) development. Thus, it is urgent to develop a strategy to hinder AKI progression. Renal tubules are responsible for the reabsorption and secretion of various solutes and the damage to this part of the nephron is a key mediator of AKI. As we know, many common renal insults primarily target the highly metabolically active proximal tubular cells (PTCs). PTCs are the most energy-demanding cells in the kidney. The ATP that they use is mostly produced in their mitochondria by fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO). But, when PTCs face various biological stresses, FAO will shut down for a time that outlives injury. Recent studies have suggested that surviving PTCs can adapt to FAO disruption by increasing glycolysis when facing metabolic constraints, although PTCs do not perform glycolysis in a normal physiological state. Enhanced glycolysis in a short period compensates for impaired energy production and exerts partial renal-protective effects, but its long-term effect on renal function and AKI progression is not promising. Deranged FAO and enhanced glycolysis may contribute to the AKI to CKD transition through different molecular biological mechanisms. In this review, we concentrate on the recent pathological findings of AKI with regards to the metabolic reprogramming in PTCs, confirming that targeting metabolic reprogramming represents a potentially effective therapeutic strategy for the progression of AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuroticism has been identified as a significant predictor for depression within the adolescent population However, few longitudinal studies have investigated this association and explored the mediation effect of the negative life events. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal association between neuroticism, negative life events, and depression in a large sample of Chinese adolescents. Data on Five Factor Inventory-Neuroticism Subscale (FFI-N) was collected from 1150 participants aged 14–19 years old at baseline, and data on Adolescent Life Event Questionnaire (ALEQ) and Center of Epidemiological Study-Depression (CES-D) were collected both at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Multilevel modelings were used to analyze the longitudinal associations among neuroticism, negative life events and depression. Through a longitudinal study design, results from multilevel regression analyses indicated a direct correlation between increased levels of neuroticism and the aggregation of negative life events with the prediction of more severe depressive symptoms. Further, results of multilevel mediations suggested that the negative life events served to partially mediate the relationship between neuroticism and each dimension of depression. The results cannot be used to make a clinical diagnosis. The current findings suggest the negative life events as a cross-dimensional mediator in the relationship between neuroticism and each dimension of depression. Regulating neuroticism levels and implementing strategies to coping stress derived from daily life events could be integral approaches to reducing the prevalence of depression within the adolescent population. • Neuroticism and negative life events positively predict depression. • Negative life events mediate the effect of neuroticism on all the dimensions of depression. • Negative life events may be the cross-dimensional mediator between neuroticism and each dimension of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular representation is critical in chemical machine learning. It governs the complexity of model development and the fulfillment of training data to avoid either over- or under-fitting. As electronic structures and associated attributes are the root cause for molecular interactions and their manifested properties, we have sought to examine the local electron information on a molecular manifold to understand and predict molecular interactions. Our efforts led to the development of a lower-dimensional representation of a molecular manifold, Manifold Embedding of Molecular Surface (MEMS), to embody surface electronic quantities. By treating a molecular surface as a manifold and computing its embeddings, the embedded electronic attributes retain the chemical intuition of molecular interactions. MEMS can be further featurized as input for chemical learning. Our solubility prediction with MEMS demonstrated the feasibility of both shallow and deep learning by neural networks, suggesting that MEMS is expressive and robust against dimensionality reduction. In machine learning of molecular properties, adequate molecular representation is crucial, as minor structural changes result in significant differences in the activity of interest. Here, the authors use a lower-dimensional representation of a molecular manifold to embed electronic attributes and retain the chemical intuition of molecular interactions, invariant to translational and rational degrees of freedom of the molecular surface, to ease model complexities and facilitate generalization even with relatively small datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, field‐effect transistors (FETs) have emerged as a novel type of multiparameter, high‐performance, highly integrated platform for biochemical detection, leveraging their classical three‐terminal structure, working principles, and fabrication methods. Notably, graphene materials, known for their exceptional electrical and optical properties as well as biocompatibility, serve as a fundamental component of these devices, further enhancing their advantages in biological detection. This review places special emphasis on recent advancements in graphene field‐effect transistor (GFET)‐based biosensors and focuses on four main areas: i) the basic concepts of FETs and the specific electrical properties of GFETs; ii) various state‐of‐the‐art approaches to enhance the performance of GFET‐based biosensors in terms of operating principles and the “3S”—stability, sensitivity, and specificity; iii) multiplexed detection strategies for GFET‐based biosensors; and iv) the current challenges and future perspectives in the field of GFET‐based biosensors. It is hoped that this article can profoundly elucidate the development of GFET biosensors and inspire a broader audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D printing has shown promise in the development of notable sensing and health detection devices. Nonetheless, challenges remain in the concurrent development of highly durable wearable sensors with low‐friction surfaces. This challenge serves as a limiting factor in the operational lifespans of these sensors. In this study, a magnetically assisted 3D printing technique is developed to fabricate composites reinforced with magnetic Fe3O4@SiO2 nanochains (NCs) with dimensions of 60.2 µm in length (L) and 0.2 µm in diameter (D), indicating an L:D ratio exceeding 300. By applying a vertical magnetic field and extrusion flow field to the sensor's surface layer, the NCs can be arranged differently (together with the printed textures), reducing the coefficient of friction by 27.7% and improving the wear resistance. This approach is inspired by nacre, known for its impressive durability and resilience. A motion monitoring sensor with an extended lifespan is successfully fabricated by using liquid metal ink integrated with an anti‐wear layer. These findings offer significant insights into the evolution of wearable sensors, demonstrating their adaptability to multi‐material printing and resulting in improved performance and service lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A microstructure‐based homogenization model is proposed for simulating the cyclic plasticity and predicting the low‐cycle fatigue (LCF) crack initiation life of GH4169 superalloy. Classical crystal plastic model (CPM) with a simple softening model is used at the grain level. Then, the transition from grain level to polycrystal level is based on the conservation of virtual work between the two levels. The Eshelby's formulation is applied in the model. Especially, local influences of grain interactions are considered by introducing the external Eshelby's tensor. Relatively precise macroresults and microresults as the finite element method can be provided by the present model with less computational cost. Grain volume averaged fatigue indicator parameters (FIPs) with considering the effect of inclusions are formed to predict the LCF crack initiation life, and a fold‐line fitting model is proposed to substitute for the cycle‐by‐cycle simulation. Predicted lives fit well with the experimental data for both the strain loading and stress loading simulations. Scatter of the life can also be predicted by the model and overwhelming influences of the incubation stage on the variability of LCF initiation life can be captured. It is shown that the inclusions and the inhomogeneous plastic strain are responsible for the scatter of the incubation stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a rare and devastating brainstem glioma that occurs predominately in children. To date, the prognostic impact of radiotherapy (RT) in conjunction with temozolomide (TMZ) in DIPG has not been thoroughly analyzed. The aim of this meta-analysis was to analyze the effectiveness of RT quantitatively and precisely in conjunction with TMZ in improving the prognosis of DIPG. A systematic search of 8 electronic databases was conducted. Articles mainly discussing the prognostic impact of RT in conjunction with TMZ in DIPG were selected. The pooled 1- and 2-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated. A total of 14 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria, involving 283 cases of patients with DIPG who were treated with RT in conjunction with TMZ. The pooled 1- and 2-year OS of this treatment was 43% and 11%, respectively. The pooled 1- and 2-year PFS was 20% and 2%, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that the heterogeneity remained almost the same in all stratum. Egger's test demonstrated that the possibility of publication bias was low. Requirements of up-to-date evidence on evaluating the prognostic impact of this therapy are urgent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two types of nanocomposite films, polyethylene/silver (PE/Ag) and polypropylene/silver (PP/Ag), were prepared and characterised. Assessment of silver released under the effect of ionising irradiation was performed on the nanocomposite films. The release experiment was carried out by immersing the nanocomposite films in water, 3% acetic acid or 95% ethanol as food simulants and measuring the Ag release from nanocomposite films treated with and without gamma or electron beam irradiation at a dose of 10 kGy. In general, irradiation treatment increased the Ag release regardless of the type of polymer and food simulant. One reason could be radiation-induced metal oxidation at the surface which in turn promoted ion release into food simulants. The oxidising radicals produced by radiation in solution could be another factor speeding up metal oxidation and subsequent ion release. When comparisons were made between the two types of irradiation, greater Ag release into water and 3% acetic acid was observed after electron beam irradiation, while gamma irradiation was likely to induce greater Ag release into 95% ethanol. Such phenomena reveal the influence of different types of radiation on the solutions which in turn affect the Ag release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 is a kind of pneumonia with new coronavirus infection, and the risk of death in COVID-19 patients with diabetes is four times higher than that in healthy people. It is unclear whether there is a difference in chest CT images between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and non-diabetes mellitus (NDM) COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in chest CT images between T2DM and NDM patients with COVID-19 based on a quantitative method of artificial intelligence. A total of 62 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were retrospectively enrolled and divided into group A (T2DM COVID-19 pneumonia group, n = 15) and group B (NDM COVID-19 pneumonia group, n = 47). The clinical and laboratory examination information of the two groups was collected. Quantitative features (volume of consolidation shadows and ground glass shadows, proportion of consolidation shadow (or ground glass shadow) to lobe volume, total volume, total proportion, and number) of chest spiral CT images were extracted using Dr. Wise @Pneumonia software. The results showed that among the 26 CT image features, the total volume and proportion of bilateral pulmonary consolidation shadow in group A were larger than those in group B (P = 0.031 and 0.019, respectively); there was no significant difference in the total volume and proportion of bilateral pulmonary ground glass density shadow between the two groups (P > 0.05). In group A, the blood glucose level was correlated with the volume of consolidation shadow and the proportion of consolidation shadow to right middle lobe volume, and higher than those patients in group B. In conclusion, the inflammatory exudation in the lung of COVID-19 patients with diabetes is more serious than that of patients without diabetes based on the quantitative method of artificial intelligence. Moreover, the blood glucose level is positively correlated with pulmonary inflammatory exudation in COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Inflammation is a key factor in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Targeting leucocyte-mediated inflammation is an important strategy for MI/R therapy. Iminostilbene (ISB), a simple dibenzoazepine small molecule compound, has a strong anti-neurodegenerative effect. However, no study has shown the cardioprotective effect of ISB. This study aimed to investigate the role of ISB against MI/R injury and identify its molecular target. To verify the cardiac protection of ISB in vivo and in vitro , we performed rat MI/R surgery and subjected inflammatory modeling of macrophages. In terms of molecular mechanisms, we designed and synthesized a small molecular probe of ISB and employed it on the click chemistry-activity-based protein profiling technique to fish for ISB targets in macrophages. To identify the target, we applied the competitive inhibition assay, surface-plasmon resonance (SPR), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) assay. In vivo , ISB showed robust anti-myocardial injury activity by improving cardiac function, reducing myocardial infarction, and inhibiting macrophage-mediated inflammation. In vitro , ISB strongly inhibited the transcription and the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in macrophages. The pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) was identified as the potential target of ISB through proteomic analysis and the competitive assay was performed for specific binding verification. Further thermodynamic and kinetic experiments showed that ISB was bound to PKM2 in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, in terms of the biological function of ISB on PKM2, ISB reduced the expression of PKM2, thereby reducing the expression of HIF1α and the phosphorylation of STAT3. This study for the first time demonstrated that ISB targeted PKM2 to reduce macrophage inflammation thereby significantly alleviating MI/R injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]