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Introduction: Palatal displacement of maxillary anterior teeth is common in clinical practice. Previous studies have reported that the labial bone around palatally‐displaced incisors is thinner than that around normally‐placed teeth. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate alveolar bone changes after alignment to guide orthodontic treatment. In this study, we investigated the alveolar bone changes around palatally‐displaced maxillary lateral incisors before and after treatment, and the effects of extraction and age using cone‐beam computed tomography. Methods: In this retrospective study, 55 patients with unilateral palatally‐displaced maxillary lateral incisors were included. Three‐dimensional alveolar bone changes were measured at three levels (25%, 50% and 75% of the root length) using cone‐beam computed tomography. Group comparisons were made between displaced and control teeth, extraction and non‐extraction groups, and adult and minor groups. Results: After orthodontic treatment, labiopalatal and palatal alveolar bone widths decreased at all measured levels. Labial alveolar bone width increased significantly at P25, but decreased at P75. Concavity decreased, while tooth‐axis angle, tooth length, B‐CEJ and P‐CEJ increased. Changes in LB and LP at P75, B‐CEJ and P‐CEJ were statistically significant. After treatment, the tooth‐axis angle on the PD side increased by 9.46°. The change in tooth‐axis angle on the PD side was significantly smaller, and LB and LP decreased more at P75, in the extraction group. Conclusions: Compared to the control teeth, alveolar bone thickness and height for the displaced teeth decreased more significantly after treatment. Tooth extraction and age also influenced alveolar bone changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]