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Objective The objective of our research is to conduct a comprehensive review that aims to systematically map, describe, and summarize the current utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) in the recruitment and retention of participants in clinical trials. Materials and Methods A comprehensive electronic search was conducted using the search strategy developed by the authors. The search encompassed research published in English, without any time limitations, which utilizes AI in the recruitment process of clinical trials. Data extraction was performed using a data charting table, which included publication details, study design, and specific outcomes/results. Results The search yielded 5731 articles, of which 51 were included. All the studies were designed specifically for optimizing recruitment in clinical trials and were published between 2004 and 2023. Oncology was the most covered clinical area. Applying AI to recruitment in clinical trials has demonstrated several positive outcomes, such as increasing efficiency, cost savings, improving recruitment, accuracy, patient satisfaction, and creating user-friendly interfaces. It also raises various technical and ethical issues, such as limited quantity and quality of sample size, privacy, data security, transparency, discrimination, and selection bias. Discussion and Conclusion While AI holds promise for optimizing recruitment in clinical trials, its effectiveness requires further validation. Future research should focus on using valid and standardized outcome measures, methodologically improving the rigor of the research carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PdPt bimetallic nanoparticles stabilized by 15-membered triolefinic macrocycle-stabilized poly(propylene imine) dendrimer (G3-M(Pd xPt10− x) DSNs) have been prepared via synthesis of a 15-membered triolefinic macrocycle-modified third-generation poly(propylene imine) dendrimer (G3-M) and then synchronous with Pd(PPh3)4/Pt(PPh3)4 complexes. The structure and of the DSNs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, transmission , energy-dispersive X-ray and X-ray photoelectron analyses. As a novel catalyst system, it can be concluded that the composition of the bimetallic nanoparticles has an influence on the of the reaction of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, which can be related to synergistic effect. Furthermore, the selectivity and recyclability of G3-M(Pd xPt10− x) DSN catalyst are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To diminish the greenhouse effect by reducing CO 2 emission into the air based on a capture and sequestration method through hydrates, the thermodynamic and kinetic effects of additives on CO 2 hydrate formation under 1.5 MPa in the presence of 5, 6, 8, 10, and 20 wt % RNS-A (reactive SiO 2 containing amino groups) were studied, and the stirrer speed was set to 800 rpm. This paper calculated the gas consumption and explained the possible mechanisms of RNS-A on CO 2 hydrates. The results showed that RNS-A was a kinetic additive instead of a thermodynamic one. It was found that 5-10 wt % RNS-A all shortened the induction time of hydrates, but only 5 and 6 wt % RNS-A increased the gas consumption of CO 2 hydrates. Although we observed the shortest induction time at a 10 wt % RNS-A system, the lowest gas consumption indicated its weak CO 2 capture and storage ability. In addition, when the concentration was 6 wt %, RNS-A had the highest gas consumption and its reaction time was relatively short. Considering the induction time and gas consumption, 6 wt % RNS-A was the optimal RNS-A concentration for CO 2 capture and sequestration, which was the most suitable for practical applications., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

The purpose of this study was to express the matrix protein of rabies virus in baculovirus expression system and prepare its polyclonal antibody. Using the total RNA of RABV strain BD06 as a template, RT-PCR technique was utilized to amplify the sequence of M gene, which were then inserted into shuttle vector pFastbac I to construct the recombinant vector pFastbac I-M. After identification using the double restriction endonuclease cleavage method, the recombinant vector pFastbac I-M were transformed into the competent E. coli DH10 Bac to construct the recombinant expression vector Bacmid-M, which were transfected into Sf9 cells mediated by lipofectamine 2000 to obtain the recombinant baculovirus AcMNPV-M. The mice anti-His monoclonal antibody, rabbit anti-RV positive serum and canine anti-RV positive serum were used in Western Blot assays to identify the expression and reactogenicity of the recombinant. The recombinant M protein were purified under denaturing conditions using the nickel iron affinity chromatography column, then used to immunize the New Zealand White rabbit to prepare its polyclonal antibody. Western Blot assay and FAVN assay were used to validate the polyclonal antibody. Our results showed that the M protein of RABV were successfully expressed in baculovirus expression system,of which molecular weight was of about 25kD;the recombinant M protein has a good reactogenicity and immunogenicity; the rabbit polyclonal antibody prepared by purification of M protein could react with the M protein of RABV strain BD06,SRV 9,CVS-24,ERA,PV2061 and aG. Undoubtedly, the successfully preparation of both recombinant M protein and its polyclonal antibody support a material foundation for further study on the properties of M protein of RABV.

Rapid and efficient inactivation of a target gene in Escherichia coli chromosomes is required to investigate metabolic engineering. In the present study, a multiple gene inactivation approach was demonstrated in four strains of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), which are the predominant pathogenic bacteria causing piglet diarrhea, mediated by λ Red and Xer recombination. The chromosomal genes, luxS and pfs were inactivated using the multiple gene inactivation approach in the wild‑type strains of E. coli, K88, K99, 987P and F41. This indicated that dif sites may be reused to inactivate multiple chromosomal genes when no antibiotic‑resistant selectable markers remain. Following inactivation of luxS and pfs, the ability of ETEC to produce the quorum sensing signal, and induce auto‑inducer 2 activity and biofilm formation were significantly reduced. Furthermore, the multiple gene inactivation approach also exhibits a high recombination efficiency and follows a simple process.