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Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune illness caused by a combination of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The pathogenesis of HT is not fully elucidated, especially in epigenetics. The epigenetic regulator Jumonji domain-containing protein D3 (JMJD3) has been extensively investigated in immunological disorders. This study has been performed to explore the roles and potential mechanisms of JMJD3 in HT. Thyroid samples from patients and healthy subjects were collected. We first analyzed the expression of JMJD3 and chemokines in the thyroid gland using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, the apoptosis effect of the JMJD3-specific inhibitor GSK-J4 on the thyroid epithelial cell line Nthy-ori 3-1 was evaluated using FITC Annexin V Detection kit. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were applied to examine the inhibitory effect of GSK-J4 on the inflammation of thyrocytes. In the thyroid tissue of HT patients, JMJD3 messenger RNA and protein levels were substantially greater than in controls (P < 0.05). Chemokines C–X–C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) and C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) were elevated in HT patients, and thyroid cells with stimulation of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). GSK-J4 could suppress TNF-α-induced synthesis of chemokines CXCL10 and CCL2 and prohibit thyrocyte apoptosis. Our results shed light on the potential role of JMJD3 in HT and indicate that JMJD3 may become a novel therapeutic target in HT treatment and prevention.

This study aimed to examine the impact of hyperuricemia on various thyroid disorders with emphasized focus on differences resulting from different genders. 16094 adults aged ≥18 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study using a randomized stratified sampling strategy. Clinical data including thyroid function and antibodies, uric acid, and anthropometric measurements were measured. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between hyperuricemia and thyroid disorders. Women who have hyperuricemia are at a significantly increased risk of developing hyperthyroidism. Women's risk of overt hyperthyroidism and Graves' disease may be markedly increased by hyperuricemia. Men with hyperuricemia did not differ significantly in their chance of acquiring any thyroid disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The precise pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is yet to be fully elucidated. The role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of HT has scarcely been addressed. Tri-methylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) is generally regarded as a marker of gene activation. The aim of this study was to explore genome-wide H3K4me3 patterns and global protein levels in primary thyrocytes and thyroids from HT patients.Material and Methods: Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) was used to analyze genome-wide H3K4me3 patterns in primary cultured thyrocytes from three HT females and three age-matched female control subjects. Western blotting was used to analyze global H3K4me3 levels in thyrocytes and thyroid tissues. Gene expression was determined using RT-PCR. Mixed-lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) protein levels were measured by western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Results: Nine genes - TG, CXCL8, CCL2, CXCL10, FASLG, ICAM1, ITGA4, IL18 and TRAIL - showed increased H3K4me3 enrichment in promoter regions around the transcriptional start sites, and gene expression of ICAM1, CCL2 and CXCL8 was consistently increased (p < 0.05). KEGG pathway analysis suggested that differential peak-related genes were markedly associated with autoimmune thyroid disease< 0.05).Conclusions: This first investigation of genome-wide H3K4me3 distribution in thyroid follicular cells suggested that genes associated with autoimmune thyroiditis showed differential H3K4me3 enrichment, which was partly related to gene expression. Global H3K4me3 changes and increased MLL1 expression were found in thyroid tissues from HT patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most malignant tumor of endocrine system, which is an urgent medical problem to be solved. At present, immunotherapy studies on ATC mainly include cutting off the recruitment of tumor-associated macrophage (TAM), inducing the reprogramming of TAM and restoring its phagocytic function, targeting related immune checkpoints on T cells and natural killer cells, tumor vaccines based on oncolytic viruses and dendritic cells, and adoptive immunotherapy. Among them, immunotherapy strategies represented by targeted blocking of programmed death-1/programmed death ligand-1 at immune checkpoint have been preliminarily confirmed to benefit ATC patients, especially the combination of molecular targeted inhibitors and immunotherapy has shown excellent therapeutic effects. Due to the great heterogeneity of ATC, it is expected to provide more therapeutic strategies for patients of ATC by carrying out various immunotherapy studies including biological, immune and cellular therapies and exploring the therapeutic potential of the next generation of immune checkpoint inhibitors. This article reviews the potential immunotherapeutic targets of ATC and the progress of immunotherapy.

To investigate the molecular mechanism of resveratrol inhibiting the metastasis of liver cancer . HepG2 and Huh7 cells were treated with different concentrations of resveratrol, and the cell viability was determined by CCK-8 assay to determine the optimal concentration of resveratrol for subsequent experiments. The expressions of miR-186-5p in liver cancer tissues and liver cancer cells were determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The migration and invasion of HepG2 and Huh7 cells were detected by wound healing assay and Transwell assay, and the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related proteins were determined by Western blotting. Resveratrol with concentration of had no effect on the viability of HepG2 and Huh7 cells, so the concentration of resveratrol in subsequent experiments was 6.25 μmol/L. Resveratrol inhibited the wound healing and invasion of liver cancer cells; increased the expression of E-cadherin, and decreased the expression of vimentin and Twist1. The expression of miR-186-5p was significantly down-regulated in liver cancer tissues and cells compared with the adjacent tissues and normal liver cells (both <0.05). Furthermore, resveratrol induced the expression of miR-186-5p in liver cancer cells (both <0.01). Overexpression of miR-186-5p suppressed the migration, invasion and EMT of liver cancer cells. Knockdown of miR-186-5p blocked the inhibition effects of resveratrol on the migration, invasion and EMT of liver cancer cells. Resveratrol could inhibit the metastasis of liver cancer , which might be associated with up-regulating miR-186-5p.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that seriously threatens human health with high incidence and various complications. Circular RNA has become a research hotspot in recent years due to its high stability and wide expression, and has been found to be related to many diseases. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of serum hsa&#95;circ&#95;0054633 in T2DM patients and explore the potential role of serum hsa&#95;circ&#95;0054633 in T2DM diagnosis and its association with clinical characteristics., Methods: This retrospective case-control study enrolled 88 participants including 44 patients with T2DM and 44 age- and sex-matched controls between January 2018 and March 2019 at Ningxia Medical University General Hospital. Serum hsa&#95;circ&#95;0054633 levels were measured using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) with absolute quantification. Baseline information including clinical background, glucose control and biochemical variables were collected. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate diagnostic effect., Results: We found that serum expression of hsa&#95;circ&#95;0054633 was dramatically increased in patients with T2DM. Serum hsa&#95;circ&#95;0054633 levels had high sensitivity (75.0%) and specificity (95.5%) for differentiating T2DM. Besides, serum expression of circ&#95;0054633 was significantly correlated with fasting blood glucose ( r =0.698), hemoglobin A1c ( r =0.503) and low-density lipoprotein ( r =0.399)., Conclusion: Serum hsa&#95;circ&#95;0054633 is a potential noninvasive biomarker in discerning T2DM and is associated with changes in blood glucose and lipid., (Copyright © 2021 by the Association of Clinical Scientists, Inc.)