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Summary: Background and aims: A healthy diet is one of the pillars of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) treatment. However, the best dietary pattern and indication for specific supplementation have not been established. Our aim is to conduct a pilot study to assess the effect of an adapted cardioprotective diet with or without phytosterol and/or krill oil supplement in participants with a probable or definitive diagnosis of FH, treated with moderate/high potency statins. Methods: A national, multicenter, factorial, and parallel placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial with a superiority design and 1:1:1:1 allocation rate will be conducted. The participants will undergo whole exome sequencing and be allocated into four treatment groups: 1) a cardioprotective diet adapted for FH (DICA-FH) + phytosterol placebo + krill oil placebo; 2) DICA-FH + phytosterol 2 g/day + krill oil placebo; 3) DICA-FH + phytosterol placebo + krill oil 2 g/day; or 4) DICA-FH + phytosterol 2 g/day + krill oil 2 g/day. The primary outcomes will be low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and lipoprotein (a) levels and adherence to treatment after a 120-day follow-up. LDL- and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol subclasses, untargeted lipidomics analysis, adverse events, and protocol implementation components will also be assessed. Results: A total of 58 participants were enrolled between May–August 2023. After the end of the follow-up period, the efficacy and feasibility results of this pilot study will form the basis of the design of a large-scale randomized clinical trial. Conclusions: This study's overall goal is to recommend dietary treatment strategies in the context of FH.

Background: The Cardioprotective Nutritional Program (BALANCE Program) was created for the secondary cardiovascular prevention setting, shown to be effective in improving the diet quality, body weight and cardiovascular risk factor in individuals with previous cardiovascular disease. However, it has been not tested among employees at primary cardiovascular prevention conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the BALANCE Program in a workplace, and its possible effects on diet quality, body composition and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: This was a before-after feasibility study conducted in an Occupational Medicine Service at a tertiary hospital. The nutritional-education program intervention comprised a ludic nutritional counselling about healthy and affordable foods, and individual/group counselling sessions as well. One hundred twenty-one workers with cardiovascular risk factors were enrolled to follow the BALANCE Program for 6 months. In addition to the dietary intake, glycemic and blood lipids profile, blood pressure and body composition features were evaluated. Feasibility was measured by participant's adherence to a specific diet quality index (the BALANCE index) and to the protocol sessions. Mean data differences from baseline to 3 and 6 months were compared using a paired Student's t-test or Wilcoxon test. Results: The BALANCE Program improved diet quality by increasing BALANCE Index (P = 0.001). 80% of participants attended the individual visits with dietitian. There was a significant reduction at 6 months in anthropometric indexes [body mass index (P = 0.034), waist and neck circumferences (P = 0.003 and P

As dietas da moda se popularizam facilmente por prometerem benefícios em curto prazo. Contudo, a adoção dessas dietas pode ser potencialmente prejudicial à saúde. Assim, o presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a adesão de dietas da moda por frequentadores de academias do município de São Paulo, Brasil. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo transversal com 50 frequentadores de academias de ginástica. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da aplicação de um questionário com perguntas sobre aderência a algum tipo de dieta da moda, orientação profissional, meios de divulgação dessas dietas, resultado, tempo de permanência dos resultados e efeitos adversos. Trinta e dois (64,0%) dos participantes relataram ter realizado algum tipo de dieta da moda, sendo as dietas mais citadas a low carb, dietas ricas em proteína e jejum intermitente. Os principais meios de divulgação dessas dietas foram as mídias digitais (52,6%), amigos (26,3%) e personal trainer (10,5%). A maioria da amostra relatou ter tido um resultado bom ou muito bom (71,9%), mas a duração do resultado foi de curta a média (1 a 6 meses) para a maioria dos participantes (59,4%). Os efeitos adversos mais relatados foram fraqueza (46,8%), dor de cabeça (37,5%), irritabilidade (34,3%) e tontura (18,7%). Estudos futuros são necessários para avaliar a composição das dietas consumidas e alterações metabólicas em curto e longo prazo. ABSTRACT Adherence of fad diets by people who frequent gyms in São Paulo Fad diets easily become popular because they promise short-term benefits. However, the adoption of these diets can be potentially harmful to health. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the adherence of fad diets by people who frequent gyms in São Paulo, Brazil. We performed a cross-sectional study with 50 people who frequent gyms. Data were collected through the application of a questionnaire with questions about adherence to some type of fad diet, professional orientation, means of dissemination of these diets, results, duration of results and adverse effects. Thirty-two (64.0%) of the participants reported having performed some type of fad diet and the most cited diets were low carb, high protein diets and intermittent fasting. The main means of dissemination of these diets were digital media (52.6%), friends (26.3%) and personal trainer (10.5%). Most of the sample reported having had a good or very good result (71.9%), but the duration of the result was short to medium (1 to 6 months) for most participants (59.4%). The most commonly reported adverse effects were weakness (46.8%), headache (37.5%), irritability (34.3%), and dizziness (18.7%). Future studies are needed to evaluate the composition of diets consumed and metabolic changes in the short and long term.