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Cet ouvrage collectif rassemble une dizaine de contributions, rédigées en anglais, consacrées à l’étude des transformations politiques, sociales et économiques qui ont touché la Turdétanie – un territoire à associer avec les espaces actuels de la vallée du Guadalquivir et du littoral andalou – entre l’expansion carthaginoise et la conquête romaine (ive-ier siècle av. J.-C.). Cette publication marque l’aboutissement de plusieurs années de recherche, et chacune des contributions qui le composen...

International audience

Les travaux de terrain menés au lieu-dit « Sous Moussières » à Bragny-sur-Saône en 2021 et 2022 ont permis la découverte de nombreuses structures (près de 200 repérées) contribuant déjà à préciser l’organisation générale de l’agglomération ainsi qu’une partie de la fonction des bâtiments (domestiques et/ou artisanaux) et des structures annexes.Une révision des données matérielles (céramiques, petits mobiliers métalliques, lithiques et non métalliques etc…) associée à une analyse spatiale de leur répartition contribue déjà à une discussion sur la fonction des espaces et les aspects socio-économiques, avec en toile de fond les questions chronologiques qui méritent d’être affinées pour bien distinguer les deux (ou trois) phases principales repérées dans ce secteur de l’agglomération.Découvert en prospection géophysique par C. Sanchez au nord du site, un fossé monumental dont la fouille d’un tronçon a débuté en 2022 et a permiségalement d’alimenter et reconsidérer la question des limites de l’agglomération.La nouveauté en 2022 est également la découverte d’une structure d’atelier en place, associée à plusieurs niveaux de sols, jusque-là non repérés lors des fouilles anciennes. Deux dépôts volontaires d’objets métalliques ont notamment été trouvés à quelques mètres, composés de plusieurs outils rangés dans un contenant et posés à côté d’une crémaillère, elle aussi complète et emballée. Ce type de dépôt est très exceptionnel et permet d’interroger la question des pratiques symboliques à une période où elles sont particulièrement mal connues.

Durante los siglos IV y III a.C. la ciudad de Gadir experimentó una fase de transición desde un modelo económico expansivo y floreciente hacia otro más regional, limitado y “de vocación atlántica”, que obligó a reorientar a las élites locales sus alianzas, su modo de vida y su papel frente a Cartago y sus aliados, y a otras ciudades del sur de Iberia y del ámbito del Estrecho. Sin embargo, las fuentes literarias del período tardorrepublicano subrayan la prosperidad de la ciudad de la época. Gades se presentaba, en efecto, como uno de los puertos más importante de esa época, gracias a la actividad de su rica élite de comerciantes y armadores en particular. En las dos últimas décadas nuevos descubrimientos arqueológicos han permitido caracterizar y entender cómo la ciudad púnica (y sus estructuras económicas) transitaron hacia la de nuevo floreciente bahía tardorrepublicana, que fue capaz de albergar algunas de las mayores fortunas del período augusteo. Nuestra contribución tiene como objetivo ofrecer una reflexión panorámica y una actualización de la interpretación del papel de la bahía gaditana como intermediario imprescindible en el diálogo económico y cultural establecido entre el mundo mediterráneo y la región atlántica entre el final del periodo púnico y la fase tardorrepublicana. Centrándonos en diversos casos de estudio y en el examen de las dinámicas del comercio marítimo, analizamos cómo la posición geoestratégica de la ciudad, en un punto bisagra entre dos dominios marítimos y dos continentes, fue determinante para consolidar su papel de potencia regional entre los siglos IV-III a.C. y cómo se hizo aún más importante en el contexto de la expansión romana, un proceso que las antiguas élites fenicias supieron canalizar y aprovechar en su beneficio. During the 4th and 3rd centuries BC the city of Gadir underwent a time of transition from an expansive and flourishing economic model to a more regional, limited and “Atlantic-oriented” one, which forced the local elites to reorganize their alliances, their lifestyle and their role facing Carthage and its allies, and other cities in the south of Iberia and in the Straits of Gibraltar area. However, the literary sources of the late Republican period emphasize the prosperity of the city at that time. Gades was indeed one of the most important ports of that period, in particular due to the activity of its wealthy elite of merchants and ship-owners. In the last two decades new archaeological discoveries have allowed a better understanding of how the Punic city (and its economic structures) transited towards the once again flourishing late-Republican bay, which was able to produce some of the greatest fortunes of the Augustan period. Our contribution aims to offer a panoramic view and an update of the interpretation of the role of the Bay of Cadiz as an essential intermediary in the economic and cultural dialogue established between the Mediterranean world and the Atlantic region between the late Punic and late Republican periods. Focusing on various case studies and the examination of the maritime trade dynamics, the paper analyses how the geostrategic position of the city, at a crossroad between two maritime realms and two continents, was decisive in consolidating its role as a regional power between the 4th and 3rd centuries B.C. and how it became even more important in the context of the Roman expansion, a process that the ancient Phoenician elites were able to guide and exploit to their advantage.

International audience

National audience; Until recently, archaeological evidence relating to exchanges between the cities of the Circle of Straits and southern Gaul, partly materialized by the circulation of amphoric material, seemed particularly limited. However, new studies on the ancient settlement of Ruscino (France) have provided some evidence of the spread of containers from the Strait of Gibraltar in Gaul during the late Republican period. Our article is part of the development of these studies.; Hasta una fecha reciente, las evidencias arqueológicas relativas a los intercambios entre las ciudades del Círculo de Estrecho y el sur de la Galia, en parte materializados por la circulación del material anfórico, parecían particularmente limitados. Sin embargo, nuevos estudios sobre el antiguo asentamiento de Ruscino (Francia) han aportado algunas evidencias de la difusión de contenedores del estrecho de Gibraltar en la Galia, durante la época tardorrepublicana. Nuestro articulo se enmarca en el desarrollo de dichos estudios.

International audience

National audience; Until recently, archaeological evidence relating to exchanges between the cities of the Circle of Straits and southern Gaul, partly materialized by the circulation of amphoric material, seemed particularly limited. However, new studies on the ancient settlement of Ruscino (France) have provided some evidence of the spread of containers from the Strait of Gibraltar in Gaul during the late Republican period. Our article is part of the development of these studies.; Hasta una fecha reciente, las evidencias arqueológicas relativas a los intercambios entre las ciudades del Círculo de Estrecho y el sur de la Galia, en parte materializados por la circulación del material anfórico, parecían particularmente limitados. Sin embargo, nuevos estudios sobre el antiguo asentamiento de Ruscino (Francia) han aportado algunas evidencias de la difusión de contenedores del estrecho de Gibraltar en la Galia, durante la época tardorrepublicana. Nuestro articulo se enmarca en el desarrollo de dichos estudios.

National audience; The development of the Symmetrical Archaeology has recently offered new insight regarding the study of artifacts, not only in archaeology but also in others fields of the social sciences. However, although this theoretical perspective has provided a relevant framework for (re)connecting “humans and things”, some question have been raised regarding the modalities of such relations. This contribution aims to offer some answers to these issues, by analyzing the production and diffusion of the Late-Punic amphorae – a group of specific ancient containers from the Late Republican era (2nd c. – 1st c. BC) –from an interdisciplinary perspective. The confrontation of these empirical data with a wide conceptual framework leads us to propose a more detailed definition with respect to how and why humans and artifacts are interconnected, as it outlines the interest of the symmetric approach in performing a more common archaeological interpretation.

National audience; The development of the Symmetrical Archaeology has recently offered new insight regarding the study of artifacts, not only in archaeology but also in others fields of the social sciences. However, although this theoretical perspective has provided a relevant framework for (re)connecting “humans and things”, some question have been raised regarding the modalities of such relations. This contribution aims to offer some answers to these issues, by analyzing the production and diffusion of the Late-Punic amphorae – a group of specific ancient containers from the Late Republican era (2nd c. – 1st c. BC) –from an interdisciplinary perspective. The confrontation of these empirical data with a wide conceptual framework leads us to propose a more detailed definition with respect to how and why humans and artifacts are interconnected, as it outlines the interest of the symmetric approach in performing a more common archaeological interpretation.

National audience

International audience; The T-7433 amphora type is a seemingly well-known series manufactured in several workshopsof the Strait of Gibraltar region. These workshops were located in former Phoenicianand Punic settlements, both in Iberia and Mauritania. The type shows morphological featureslinked with coeval Carthaginian amphora repertories. However, with their production chronologydating to the period between 150 and 50 B.C., this group of transport vessels was solelyproduced in Roman times, and it was a “late Punic” production characteristic for the Strait ofGibraltar area. As such, this item can be considered a key indicator for the study of culturaland economic transformations in the 2nd and 1st centuries B. C., which are generally referredto as “Romanization”. A growing set of archaeological data are available regarding the manufacturepatterns and economic importance of the T-7433 type. However, recent discoverieshave provided new evidence and greatly modified the previous typological and historical picturedrawn for this ancient container. This contribution aims to present and discuss fresh data,while engaging in a renewed vision on this specific transport amphora series. In particular, wefocus on the existence of several regional typological variants of this amphora – illustrated bydistinct local features – and the connection of these micro-regional types with the transformationsof local economic strategies and ceramic infrastructures connected with the region’s gradualintegration into the Roman world.

Although they were isolated for several decades, some forms of "Punic" amphorae remain difficult to handle, mostly because of their manufacturing during the Roman period. Several recent discoveries allowed to identify the production of some of these containers within the space of the Strait of Gibraltar, in the continuation of the second Punic War (218-202 BC). Given the importance and consistency of their documentation, the Spanish archaeology gathered these ancient packages in the group of the "Late-Punic amphorae". For the moment, five types compose this amphoric group. They share several characteristics, of which their appearance during the years 175/150 BC and typo-morphological features mixing Phoenician, Punic and Roman traditions.Recently, the joint consideration of these types have been confirmed by numerous data, the study of the Late-Punic amphorae becoming a new area of research. Nevertheless, in spite of huge progress, many questions still persist. On one hand, the real extension of the production of these containers, as well as the modalities of their manufacturing within the space of the strait – between Mauritania and Iberia –, remain still badly defined. On the other hand, the conditions and the range of the dissemination of these amphorae, such as the identification of the sea axes and their regions of consumption, have always been badly known aspects.Our research intends to establish a wide corpus of archaeological and historical data to try to deal with these questions. To achieve such stage, a status of the question was realized via the consolidation of the documentation from the manufacturing contexts associated to the Late-Punic containers. Then, a study of several submarine deposits, among which some were largely unpublished, was realized to be able to observe the conditions of the maritime traffic of these commercial packaging. Their place in the network of Roman exchanges was analyzed by examining the presence of these amphorae in the assemblage of several consumption sites. The thorough observation of all these data, via a multidisciplinary analytical frame, led to reevaluate the importance of these containers in the commercial circuits of ancient Rome, in connection with the economic and sociocultural integration of the elites from the Strait of Gibraltar into the Roman society of the Late-Republican era; Bien qu’elles aient été isolées il y a plusieurs décennies, certaines formes d’amphores « puniques » restaient difficiles à appréhender en raison de leur fabrication au cours de la période romaine. Plusieurs découvertes récentes ont permis d’identifier la production de certains de ces conteneurs au sein de l’espace du détroit de Gibraltar, dans le prolongement de la seconde Guerre Punique (218-202 av. J.-C.). Face à l’importance et à la cohérence de la documentation les concernant, l’archéologie espagnole a rassemblé ces emblallages dans un même groupe, celui des « amphores tardo-puniques ». Pour l’heure, cinq catégories d’amphores composent ce groupe des conteneurs tardo-puniques. Ils possèdent plusieurs caractères communs, dont leur apparition entre les années 175/150 av. J.-C. et des traits typo-morphologiques mêlant les traditions phéniciennes du détroit, puniques et romaines.La considération conjointe de ces types a été corroborée par de nombreuses données au cours des dernières années. Leur étude a également contribué à établir de nouveaux axe sde recherche. Malgré premiers ces progrès, de nombreuses interrogations persistaient encore sur ce mobilier. D’une part, l’extension réelle de la production de ces conteneurs, de même que les modalités de leur fabrication au sein du détroit – entre la Maurétanie et l’Ibérie –, restaient mal définies. D’autre part, les conditions et l’amplitude de la distribution de ces amphores, de l’identification des axes de circulation à celle des aires de consommation, représentaient des aspects particulièrement mal connus.Notre recherche entend constituer un large corpus de données archéologiques et historiques afin de tenter d’aborder ces questionnements. Pour y parvenir, un état de la question a été réalisé via le regroupement de la documentation des contextes de fabrication associés à ces conteneurs tardo-puniques. Ensuite, une étude de plusieurs gisements sous-marins, dont certains étaient en grande partie inédits, a été réalisée afin de pouvoir observer les conditions de la circulation maritime de ces emballages commerciaux. Enfin, leur place dans les réseaux d’échanges romains est analysée à partir des attestations identifiées dans les assemblages de plusieurs sites de consommation. L’analyse approfondie de ces informations, via un cadre analytique pluridisciplinaire, a conduit à réévaluer l’importance de ces conteneurs tardo-puniques dans les circuits économiques de l’Urbs, en lien avec l’intégration des élites du détroit de Gibraltar dans la « société » romaine de l’époque tardo-républicaine.

National audience; Through the study of an unpublished context of the Torre Alta kiln site (San Fernando, Cadiz, Spain), this contribution explores the transformations of the Punic communities of the Strait of Gibraltar region during the earlier stages of the Roman Republic rule. It can be presumed that some Punic communities, such as our case study (Gadir-Gades), seem not to have been wiped out during the conflict and were soon politically and economically integrated into the Roman sphere. Nonetheless, the economic and cultural consequences and traces of this transition into the Roman world are still poorly archaeologically defined. It was a period of cultural and economic mixture particularly difficult to analyze from an archaeological perspective. Thus, on the basis of material culture studies, the work reflects on how should we name and read the items with Punic form but that were produced during the Roman period. Also, the paper focus on the analysis of this transition phase identified as "Late Punic", paying attention to both the epistemological conditions of such a study and how this political situation could had an impact on material culture.

International audience; Cette contribution vise à présenter plusieurs arguments en faveur de l'intérêt de l'analyse de réseau en archéologie, à partir de différentes études de cas. Il s'agirait, plus particulièrement, d'examiner dans quelle mesure les interactions entre réseaux économiques et réseaux relationnels pourraient avoir contribué à l'expansion romaine, durant l'époque républicaine et le Haut-Empire. On prendra des exemples liés à l'expansion en Ibérie et en Germanie

International audience; Se trata aquí de dar a conocer resultados preliminares, en relación con un trabajo de doctorado en curso, dichos resultados han permitidos revelar datos inéditos de interés. Se han examinado los contextos arqueológicos de tres comunidades antiguas (Narbo Martius, Lattara y Lascours), lo que permitió atestiguar la difusión de los contenedores tardopúnicos en la Galia.

Palynological analyses were carried out on layers from the site of La Vereda in Burguillos (Sevilla), in southern Spain. The layers dated to the 3rd century AD, around the time of the abandonment of the present excavated area. Data from pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs contributed to add details on the function of the site and their structures. During Roman times, cereals, flax and olive were cultivated, and human activities highly influenced the landscape., Análisis arqueopalinológicos se llevaron a cabo en contextos del yacimiento de La Vereda (Burguillos, Sevilla), en el sur de España, ubicados cronológicamente en el siglo III d.C. en el momento de abandono hasta la actualidad del área excavada. Los datos aportados por el estudio de pólenes y microfósiles no polínicos contribuyen notablemente a detallar la función de determinadas estructuras documentadas en el sitio. En época romana se cultivaron cereales, lino y olivos, en un paisaje muy alterado por las actividades antrópicas, El trabajo palinológico ha sido financiado por el Proyecto de investigación de Excelencia P11RNM-7033 de la Junta de Andalucía; y la parte arqueológica por el proyecto HAR2013-43599P y HAR2016-78691P del MINECO