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Tiger nut is the tuber of the perennial herbaceous plant Cyperus esculentus L., whose unique underground tubers are not only the main reproductive organ but also an important oil storage site. Oleosin is the most abundant structural protein in the oil body, which is an important membrane structural protein, playing a role in the formation and stability of lipid droplets in oilseed crops. Most studies have focused on the oleosin in oilseeds, but rarely on the oil containing tuber. In this study, nine oleosin genes from the Cyperus esculentus transcriptome were identified and divided into two groups via phylogenetic analysis. The expression patterns of the nine oleosins were examined through quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in various development stages of stem tissue (35 d, 50 d, 75 d, 90 d, and 120 d after sowing). The subcellular localization of CeOle4 indicated that this protein was localized exclusively to membrane, indicating that it functioned in the plasma membrane. The highly expressed gene CeOle4 within the CeOleosin gene family was further transformed into yeast cells and plant materials. The results demonstrate that CeOle4 can promote lipid synthesis, enhancing the stability of oil lipids at low temperature and changing seed phenotypic traits. This discovery addresses and enriches the research on the function of CeOleosin genes and lays the groundwork for future studies on novel and superior transgenic crops related to tiger nut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the rheological properties and performance of coatings used in lost foam shell casting, focusing on the influence of mixing and standing times. The experimental procedure involved systematically preparing coatings by varying the mixing times (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min) to assess the dispersion of particles and the subsequent standing times (1, 7, 11, 24, 40, and 48 h) to evaluate the stability of the mixture. A rotational viscometer was utilized to measure the viscosity and shear stress of the coatings under different conditions. The results indicate a significant decrease in viscosity with increasing mixing time, stabilizing after 50 min due to the uniform dispersion of solid particles and shear-thinning behavior. Conversely, the viscosity initially increases with prolonged standing time as the binder's molecular chains reform, reaching a peak before gradually decreasing. The optimal performance of the coatings, characterized by stable viscosity and consistent rheological properties, was achieved with a mixing time of at least 50 min and a standing time not exceeding 40 h. These findings provide critical insights into optimizing the preparation and application processes of coatings, ensuring enhanced efficiency and quality in lost foam shell casting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]