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A proteinose alveolar (PA) é uma doença rara, de etiologia desconhecida, caracterizada pelo acúmulo alveolar de material proteináceo PAS + (ácido-periódico de Schiff), rico em fosfolipídios. Acredita-se que a patogênese consiste na superprodução ou defeito na remoção do surfactante ao nível do epitélio pulmonar (10). A PA pode estar associada a infecções respiratórias (1,2), silicose (3), exposição ao alumínio (4), titânio (5) e a neoplasias hematológicas (6-8). Neste presente artigo, serão apresentados dois relatos de casos de proteinose alveolar e carcinomas diagnosticados no Serviço de Pneumologia do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre.

The objective of this study is to determine the different characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive and negative patients treated for tuberculosis (TBC) in a tertiary hospital in Southern Brazil. We conducted a retrospective cohort study over a 5-year period, from January 1992 through December 1996. We reviewed medical charts of patients from our institution who received TBC treatment. We reviewed 167 medical charts of patients with confirmed TBC. HIV positivity was detected in 74 patients. There were statistically significant difference between HIV positive and negative patients in sex and age. HIV-infected patients showed significantly more signs of bacteremia than HIV-negative patients. Extra-pulmonary TBC was present respectively in 13 (17.6%) and 21 (22.6%) HIV positive and negative patients. There was a significant difference between chest radiograph presentation in HIV positive and negative patients. There were significantly lower hematocrit, hemoglobin, leukocyte and lymphocyte levels in HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative patients. Outcome was significantly different in the two groups with a death rate of 36.5% and 10.8% in HIV-positive and in HIV-negative patients. The difference between HIV positive and negative patients may have importance in the diagnosis, management and prognosis of patients with TBC.